A novel two-step method for the formation of tissue-engineered cartilage by mature bovine chondrocytes: the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte (ARC) method.

Most attempts to tissue-engineer cartilage have involved seeding of cultured cells into a biological or synthetic scaffold. We have developed a novel two-step culture approach that makes possible the in vitro formation of cartilaginous-like tissue by mature adult bovine chondrocytes without the aid of a synthetic matrix. The first step consists of culturing chondrocytes under conditions that maintain their rounded shape and their molecular phenotype as assessed by type II collagen and aggrecan production. This step was accomplished by culturing the isolated chondrocytes in alginate beads until the cells have reestablished a proteoglycan-rich cell-associated matrix (CM). The second step consists of culturing the cells with their CM, after recovery from the beads, on a tissue culture insert with a porous membrane. In this study, young adult bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured in alginate beads in the presence of 10% or 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 7 days of culture, the alginate beads were dissolved by incubating the beads for 20 min in sodium citrate buffer, a calcium chelator. Following a brief centrifugation, the cells with their CM were recovered, resuspended in medium containing 10% or 20% FBS and seeded onto a tissue culture insert. After 1 week of culture on the insert, the individual cells with their CM progressively became incorporated into a mass of cartilaginous tissue. Culture with 20% FBS resulted in the best formation of tissues. These tissues, easily recovered from the insert, were then subjected to biochemical and histological analyses. The biochemical results showed that the chondrocytes remain phenotypically stable in the tissues. The de novo tissue has a relatively high ratio of PG/collagen. Histological examination of the tissue revealed it contained a cartilage-like matrix strongly stained with toluidine blue. This scaffold-free system appears ideal to study, in vitro, the development of transplantable cartilaginous tissue.     

Use of fibrin glue in obstetrics and gynecology: a review of the literature.

Most authors consider the principal advantage of FG anastomoses (compared to microsurgical anastomoses) to be shorter operating time, reduced surgical trauma to oviduct stumps, and absence of tissue ischemia. These features promote reparative regeneration and decrease adhesion formation, resulting in complete recanalization of fallopian tubes. To date, the majority of work on FG is confined to the experimental development of surgical techniques. Investigations in reconstructive gynecological surgery are quite uncommon. The physical properties of FG and the positive results of available experimental studies suggest that further development of surgical techniques using FG in obstetrics and gynecology is worthwhile.     

Fetal growth in hypertensive women]

The Authors examine the correlation between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth. The results of a study of 342 pregnancies, confirm a significant correlation between hypertension and fetal growth retardation. These findings, so evident in moderate and severe hypertension, have also been confirmed in cases of mild hypertension. The medical treatment also in the pregnancies with mild hypertension, and a larger utilisation of operative deliveries, determined a decrease in perinatal mortality and morbidity.     

Fetal growth and autoimmune thyroid disease

To determine whether fetal and infant growth could influencesusceptibility to autoimmune disease in adults, the occurrenceof thyroid autoantibodies and autoimmune thyroiditis was studiedin 305 women, aged 60–71, born in Hertfordshire and forwhom details of birth weight, infant growth, and feeding wereroutinely recorded. Thyroglobulin autoantibody was detectedin 37% of the women, thyroid peroxidase autoantibody in 41%,and autoimmune thyroiditis, defined as biochemical or clinicalhypothyroidism in association with thyroid autoantibodies, in5.6%. The proportion of women with thyroglobulin and thyroidperoxidase auto antibodies fell with increasing birth weightbut was not related to weight at 1 year of age or the methodof infant feeding. The prevalence of both autoantibodies rosewith increasing adult body mass index but fell as the waistto hip ratio increased. These results demonstrate the importance of early environmentin determining the susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease.The contrasting effects of adult body mass index and waist tohip ratio on antibody prevalence could be explained by theirassociations with different hormonal environments.     

Effects of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. extract on some metabolic activities in the rat

The decoction of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. shows hypoglycaemic effects, an increase in plasma IRI in normal rats and an incremented oral-glucose tolerance. The decoction is also active against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia.