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121.
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Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review was to assess and present the findings up to this date on the efficacy of antipsychotics in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD), social anxiety disorders (SAD), panic disorders (PD), and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD), mostly based on published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or on open-label studies when RCT were lacking.Recent Findings
Quetiapine could be recommended in patients with GAD. The efficacy of aripiprazole in two open-label studies on patients with antidepressant-refractory GAD should be assessed in RCTs. Despite preliminary positive results in open studies, there are currently no strong evidence for the effectiveness of antipsychotics in refractory SAD and in refractory PD. Conversely, risperidone and aripiprazole can be used for the treatment of refractory OCD as augmentation agents to antidepressants.Summary
Contrary to SAD and PD, this review found evidence for the use of second-generation antipsychotics in GAD and OCD. Otherwise, first-generation antipsychotics cannot be recommended in anxiety disorders and OCD.123.
Alcohol Use Disorders and Immigration up to the Third Generation in France: Findings from a 39,617‐Subject Survey in the General Population 下载免费PDF全文
124.
Fauziah Mohd Jaafar Baptiste Monsion Mourad Belhouchet Peter P. C. Mertens Houssam Attoui 《Viruses》2021,13(8)
Statin derivatives can inhibit the replication of a range of viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV, Hepacivirus), dengue virus (Flavivirus), African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae) and poliovirus (Picornaviridae). We assess the antiviral effect of fluvastatin in cells infected with orbiviruses (bluetongue virus (BTV) and Great Island virus (GIV)). The synthesis of orbivirus outer-capsid protein VP2 (detected by confocal immunofluorescence imaging) was used to assess levels of virus replication, showing a reduction in fluvastatin-treated cells. A reduction in virus titres of ~1.7 log (98%) in fluvastatin-treated cells was detected by a plaque assay. We have previously identified a fourth non-structural protein (NS4) of BTV and GIV, showing that it interacts with lipid droplets in infected cells. Fluvastatin, which inhibits 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase in the mevalonic acid pathway, disrupts these NS4 interactions. These findings highlight the role of the lipid pathways in orbivirus replication and suggest a greater role for the membrane-enveloped orbivirus particles than previously recognised. Chemical intermediates of the mevalonic acid pathway were used to assess their potential to rescue orbivirus replication. Pre-treatment of IFNAR(−/−) mice with fluvastatin promoted their survival upon challenge with live BTV, although only limited protection was observed. 相似文献
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Baptiste Coustet Philippe Dieud Mickael Guedj Mathieu Bouaziz Jerome Avouac Barbara Ruiz Eric Hachulla Elisabeth Diot Jean‐Luc Cracowski Kiet Tiev Jean Sibilia Luc Mouthon Camille Frances Zahir Amoura Patrick Carpentier Anne Cosnes Olivier Meyer Andre Kahan Catherine Boileau Gilles Chiocchia Yannick Allanore 《Arthritis \u0026amp; Rheumatology》2011,63(7):2091-2096
Objective
Accumulating evidence suggests that B cells are involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc). BANK1 has been reproducibly reported to be associated with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc). BLK encodes another B cell signal transducer, and a functional variant at the C8orf13–BLK locus has been found to be associated with SSc in Caucasians. However, no independent replication has been reported, and there are discrepancies in the genotype–phenotype correlation between these studies in Caucasians and another study performed in the Japanese population. Therefore, in a large cohort of French Caucasians and using a meta‐analysis of the available data, this study was undertaken to determine whether the C8orf13–BLK locus is associated with SSc, and to assess the possibility of interaction between BLK and BANK1 in SSc.Methods
The C8orf13–BLK rs13277113 genotype was determined in 1,031 patients with SSc and 1,014 control subjects for whom BANK1 genotypes were available. Meta‐analysis of the 3 available data sets (6,078 individuals) was also performed.Results
Minor allele frequencies for rs13277113 revealed an association restricted to the dcSSc subtype (P = 0.012, odds ratio [OR] 1.29) in the French sample. Meta‐analysis of the combined Caucasian populations showed an association of this genotype with both SSc (P = 0.0013, OR 1.16, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.06–1.26) and dcSSc (P = 0.0012, OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08–1.39). Inclusion of the Japanese population confirmed the overall association with the disease, with the strongest association observed with dcSSc (P = 3.27 × 10−5, OR 1.27). Secondary analysis in the French sample revealed additive effects between C8orf13–BLK and BANK1, mainly in the dcSSc subset.Conclusion
These results confirm C8orf13–BLK as an SSc risk locus. The strongest effects, and particularly additive effects, were observed in the interaction between C8orf13–BLK and BANK1 in the dcSSc subset.127.
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129.
Background: Cigarette smoking was consistently found to be more prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia than in other psychiatric groups and the general population. These findings have been interpreted as evidence of a specific association between schizophrenia and smoking. However, the supporting data come primarily from cross-sectional studies, which are susceptible to confounding. Our aim was to test specificity of this link longitudinally in an epidemiologic sample. Methods: A cohort of 542 inpatients with psychosis was followed for 10 years after first hospitalization, completing 5 face-to-face interviews. Assessments included ratings of specific symptoms (psychotic, negative, disorganized, and depressive), Global Assessment of Functioning, and a categorical measure of cigarette consumption. All participants were assigned longitudinal consensus diagnoses by study psychiatrists, and 229 were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). Results: At baseline, 52.4% of participants were current smokers and 69.3% were lifetime smokers. Smoking rates did not differ among the diagnostic groups (schizophrenia spectrum, major depressive, bipolar, or other psychotic disorder) at any assessment point. Smokers were more severely ill than nonsmokers but did not differ in specific symptoms either cross-sectionally or longitudinally. Among smokers, changes in cigarette consumption were linked only with changes in depression (β = .16, P < .001). Conclusions: Rates of smoking were elevated in subjects with schizophrenia but were just as high with other psychotic disorders. Smoking was not associated with psychotic symptoms, but cigarette consumption covaried with depression over time. Given the devastating health consequences of cigarette use, smoking cessation interventions are urgently needed in this population and should specifically address depression. 相似文献
130.
Olivier Tassy Delphine Dauga Fabrice Daian Daniel Sobral Fran?ois Robin Pierre Khoueiry David Salgado Vanessa Fox Danièle Caillol Renaud Schiappa Baptiste Laporte Anne Rios Guillaume Luxardi Takehiro Kusakabe Jean-Stéphane Joly Sébastien Darras Lionel Christiaen Magali Contensin Hélène Auger Clément Lamy Clare Hudson Ute Rothb?cher Michael J. Gilchrist Kazuhiro W. Makabe Kohji Hotta Shigeki Fujiwara Nori Satoh Yutaka Satou Patrick Lemaire 《Genome research》2010,20(10):1459-1468