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131.
132.
Michael Dodson Brendan Crotty David Prideaux Ross Carne Alister Ward & Evelyne de Leeuw 《Medical education》2009,43(2):168-174
Objectives The multiple mini-interview (MMI) overcomes the limitations of the traditional panel interview by multiple sampling to provide improved objectivity and reliability. Reliability of the MMI is affected by number of stations; however, there are few data reporting the influence of interview duration on MMI outcome and reliability. We aimed to determine whether MMI stations can be shortened without affecting applicant rankings or compromising test reliability.
Methods A total of 175 applicants were interviewed and assessed at 10 8-minute stations. Applicants were scored once after 8 minutes at five control stations and twice after 5 minutes and 8 minutes at five experimental stations. Scores at 5 and 8 minutes were compared using t -tests and correlation coefficients. Rankings of applicants based on 5- and 8-minute scores were compared using Spearman's rank order coefficient. The reliability of the MMI was examined for 5- and 8-minute scores using generalisability theory.
Results Mean scores at 5 minutes were lower than mean scores at 8 minutes. Cumulative scores at 5 minutes were also lower. There were highly significant correlations between 5- and 8-minute scores at all experimental stations (0.82–0.91; P < 0.01) and between the cumulative scores at 5 and 8 minutes (0.92; P < 0.01). There was a strong correlation between applicant rankings based on cumulative 5- and 8-minute scores (Spearman's rank order coefficient 0.92). Reliability was not affected.
Conclusions Reducing the duration of MMI stations from 8 to 5 minutes conserves resources with minimal effect on applicant ranking and test reliability. 相似文献
Methods A total of 175 applicants were interviewed and assessed at 10 8-minute stations. Applicants were scored once after 8 minutes at five control stations and twice after 5 minutes and 8 minutes at five experimental stations. Scores at 5 and 8 minutes were compared using t -tests and correlation coefficients. Rankings of applicants based on 5- and 8-minute scores were compared using Spearman's rank order coefficient. The reliability of the MMI was examined for 5- and 8-minute scores using generalisability theory.
Results Mean scores at 5 minutes were lower than mean scores at 8 minutes. Cumulative scores at 5 minutes were also lower. There were highly significant correlations between 5- and 8-minute scores at all experimental stations (0.82–0.91; P < 0.01) and between the cumulative scores at 5 and 8 minutes (0.92; P < 0.01). There was a strong correlation between applicant rankings based on cumulative 5- and 8-minute scores (Spearman's rank order coefficient 0.92). Reliability was not affected.
Conclusions Reducing the duration of MMI stations from 8 to 5 minutes conserves resources with minimal effect on applicant ranking and test reliability. 相似文献
133.
Use of StarClose for brachial artery closure after percutaneous endovascular interventions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this study was to evaluate a percutaneous extravascular closure device (StarClose, Abbott Vascular, Redwood City, CA) after brachial endovascular approach. From 2004 to 2006, 29 patients received StarClose for brachial closure. Primary endpoints were successful deployment and absence of procedure-related morbidity, secondary endpoints were brachial artery patency on duplex and absence of late (> 30 days) complications. The device was successfully deployed in all patients. In two patients (6.8%) local complications occurred: one patient developed a large hematoma successfully treated with prolonged compression and a second patient presented with brachial artery occlusion requiring operative intervention. After a mean follow-up of 7.5+/-7.2 months, all patients had a palpable brachial/radial pulse; none had signs of infection, distal embolization or neurological deficits. On ultrasound b-mode imaging, the clip was visible as a 4 mm echolucent area at the outer anterior wall of the artery. Based on the peak systolic velocity ratios between the site of StarClose and proximal brachial artery (mean 1.08+/-0.2), none of the studied patients had a significant stenosis at the site of closure. StarClose is safe and effective in providing hemostasis following interventional procedures through the brachial artery; further advantages include patients comfort and early discharge. 相似文献
134.
135.
Direct identification of chlamydiae from clinical samples using a DNA microarray assay: a validation study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Borel N Kempf E Hotzel H Schubert E Torgerson P Slickers P Ehricht R Tasara T Pospischil A Sachse K 《Molecular and cellular probes》2008,22(1):55-64
While DNA microarrays have become a widely accepted tool for mRNA expression monitoring, their use in rapid diagnosis of bacterial and viral pathogens is only emerging. So far, insufficient sensitivity and high costs have been the major limiting factors preventing more widespread use of microarray platforms in direct testing of clinical samples. In the present study, a total of 339 samples, among them 293 clinical specimens from animals and humans, were examined by the ArrayTube (AT) DNA microarray assay to detect chlamydial DNA and identify the species of Chlamydia and Chlamydophila involved. Samples included nasal and conjunctival swabs, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and fresh organ tissue, milk, feces and cell culture. Notably, the AT test was shown to detect mixed infections in clinical samples. The calculated median sensitivity of 0.81 over the entire panel of clinical samples was comparable to conventional 16S PCR, but slightly lower than real-time PCR and other PCR assays. However, when a panel of long-time stored swab samples was excluded from the calculation, the sensitivity was clearly higher (0.87) and equivalent to that of real-time PCR. Altogether, the data demonstrate the suitability of this DNA microarray assay for routine diagnosis. 相似文献
136.
Madaan S Joniau S Klockaerts K DeWever L Lerut E Oyen R Van Poppel H 《European urology》2008,53(2):441-445
Segmental testicular infarction is a rare cause of acute scrotum. Its aetiology is not well defined and it can be clinically confused with a testicular tumour. Because the differential diagnosis between segmental testicular infarction and testicular tumour can be difficult, most authors in the past recommended surgery. Imaging plays an important role in the preoperative diagnosis, with a colour Doppler ultrasonography as the investigation of choice although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful in doubtful cases. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the radiologic findings and the outcome of conservative management in a single-centre experience of 19 cases of segmental testicular infarction. 相似文献
137.
138.
139.
Inhibition of HIV replication: a powerful antiviral strategy by IFN-beta gene delivery in CD4+ cells
Brule F Khatissian E Benani A Bodeux A Montagnier L Piette J Lauret E Ravet E 《Biochemical pharmacology》2007,74(6):898-910
In this study, we demonstrated the efficiency and feasibility of a gene therapy protocol against HIV infection using the antiviral effects of IFN-beta expression. Lentiviral vectors containing the human or the simian IFN-beta sequences under the influence of the murine moderate H2-kb promoter were constructed. To examine the capacity of IFN-beta to inhibit the replication of HIV in human CD4(+) cells, a transduction protocol permitting to efficiently transduce CD4(+) cells or PBMC (85+/-12% of CD4(+)-transduced cells) with a moderate expression of IFN-beta was developed. Results indicate that enforced expression of IFN-beta has no negative effects in terms of apoptosis and proliferation. In human CD4(+) cells, it drastically inhibits (up to 99.9%) replication after challenging with different strains of HIV-1. The expression of exogenous IFN-beta leads to an amplification of the CD4(+) cells (11-fold) and to a drastic decrease of the p24 protein. Micro-array analyses indicated that antiviral effect of IFN-beta could be due to a major regulation of the inflammatory response. These results are encouraging for the development of a clinical study of gene therapy against AIDS using IFN-beta. 相似文献
140.
Virological and pharmacological parameters predicting the response to lopinavir-ritonavir in heavily protease inhibitor-experienced patients 下载免费PDF全文
Marcelin AG Cohen-Codar I King MS Colson P Guillevic E Descamps D Lamotte C Schneider V Ritter J Segondy M Peigue-Lafeuille H Morand-Joubert L Schmuck A Ruffault A Palmer P Chaix ML Mackiewicz V Brodard V Izopet J Cottalorda J Kohli E Chauvin JP Kempf DJ Peytavin G Calvez V 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2005,49(5):1720-1726
The genotypic inhibitory quotient (GIQ) has been proposed as a way to integrate drug exposure and genotypic resistance to protease inhibitors and can be useful to enhance the predictivity of virologic response for boosted protease inhibitors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictivity of the GIQ in 116 protease inhibitor-experienced patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir. The overall decrease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA from baseline to month 6 was a median of -1.50 log(10) copies/ml and 40% of patients had plasma HIV-1 RNA below 400 copies/ml at month 6. The overall median lopinavir study-state C(min) concentration was 5,856 ng/ml. Using univariate linear regression analyses, both lopinavir GIQ and the number of baseline lopinavir mutations were highly associated with virologic response through 6 months. In the multivariate analysis, only lopinavir GIQ, baseline HIV RNA, and the number of prior protease inhibitors were significantly associated with response. When the analysis was limited to patients with more highly mutant viruses (three or more lopinavir mutations), only lopinavir GIQ remained significantly associated with virologic response. This study suggests that GIQ could be a better predictor of the virologic response than virological (genotype) or pharmacological (minimal plasma concentration) approaches used separately, especially among patients with at least three protease inhibitor resistance mutations. Therapeutic drug monitoring for patients treated by lopinavir-ritonavir would likely be most useful in patients with substantially resistant viruses. 相似文献