某医院常见革兰阴性杆菌的分布与药敏分析

目的 了解珠海市人民医院2009~2010年住院患者常见的菌群分布及其耐药性,为细菌性感染的诊治提供参考依据.方法 用生物梅里埃公司的ATB鉴定系统进行菌种鉴定和药敏试验,用ATBPLUS VER3.0软件统计分析结果.结果 2009~2010年共分离出革兰阴性杆菌3 032株,其中铜绿假单胞菌占29.55%,肺炎克雷伯菌占33.44%,大肠埃希菌占27.51%,阴沟肠杆菌占5.80%,其他革兰阴性杆菌占3.70%.铜绿假单胞菌耐药率高于60%的抗菌药物有头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁.肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星菌、妥布霉素、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦敏感.大肠埃希菌对第三代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类的耐药率增高,对亚胺培南、美罗培南、阿米卡星敏感,对哌拉西林/三唑巴坦、头孢他啶及奈替米星较敏感.阴沟肠杆菌呈多重耐药.结论 该地区常见革兰阴性杆菌的构成比及耐药率和国内其他地区有一定的差异,且细菌多重耐药情况更为严重.     

眼底炫彩成像联合光相干断层扫描对视网膜动脉阻塞快速诊断及分类

目的:探讨眼底炫彩成像(MCI)联合光相干断层扫描成像(OCT)在视网膜动脉阻塞(RAO)的快速诊断及分类中的应用。方法:对本院2018-02/2020-07诊断为RAO的患者19例19眼进行回顾性研究。所有患者在经过眼科检查后确诊为RAO,均为单眼发病,其中视网膜中央动脉阻塞(CRAO)13眼,视网膜分支动脉阻塞(BRAO)5眼,睫状视网膜动脉残留的CRAO 1眼。所有患者行最佳矫正视力、裂隙灯、OCT、MCI、FFA及视野检查及分析。结果:经裂隙灯检查,12眼(63%)出现瞳孔对光反射迟钝或消失,16眼(84%)可发现全部或部分后极部视网膜苍白水肿,10眼(53%)可发现视网膜动脉变细。行FFA检查的患者为10例(53%),其余9例未行检查,其中6例患有严重的系统性疾病,2例拒绝检查、1例有药物过敏史。所有患者经MCI及OCT检查可发现特征性眼底表现,OCT特征性改变为弥漫性内层视网膜反射增强与MCI图像绿色缺血区域形成严密的一对一关系。结论:联合MCI及OCT检查可快速确诊RAO,而且结合两者的图像特征可更精确辨认出视网膜缺血区域,有助于疾病分类及预后判断。     

“临床早期接触”对医学生关怀能力养成的效果分析——以汕头大学医学院“医者之心（HEART）”课程为例

目的探讨医者之心（HEART）课程中“临床早期接触社会实践环节”对关怀能力养成的效果，对该课程纳入“临床早期接触”的教学设计做小结。方法编纂临床早期接触中的“隐性课程”体验问卷，对参加医者之心（HEART）课程的临床早期接触社会实践环节的学生进行事后访问及问卷调查，以此评估“隐形课程”对医学生关怀能力养成的初步情况。 结果医学实习生对各种具有隐性课程内涵举措的各个维度对其关怀能力培育的帮助，均呈偏正向的态度。“带教教师教学示范”“关怀展现”“专业胜任能力对学生关怀能力影响”这3个构面的强弱程度，会因“学生临床早期接触时长”“带教教师年资”“临床早期接触过程满意程度”的不同而呈现显著差异。结论“临床早期接触各类组织形式”对第一次进入临床体验的医学生关怀能力认知有重要影响，典范学习及同伴影响对医学生关怀能力认知有正向影响。     

The predictive significance of bone mineral density on postoperative pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients after total knee arthroplasty: A prediction model

BackgroundBone mineral density (BMD) may be an important factor affecting the clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, further information regarding BMD in postoperative pain relief is not present yet. This study aims to gain further insight into the predictive significance of BMD in postoperative pain relief in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients after TKA.Methods156 KOA patients treated by TKA were included in this study. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the pain intensity in patients within one year after TKA. The patients were divided into good pain relief group (the improvement of VAS ≥ 3) and poor pain relief group (the improvement of VAS < 3). BMD and other clinical characteristics were also collected. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) were used to evaluate the predictive significance of BMD. Subgroup analysis was used to compare the difference of postoperative pain between High BMD group and Low BMD group extra.Results34 (21.8%) patients had poor pain relief after TKA. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, BMD, preoperative hospital for special surgery (HSS) scores, preoperative VAS score and postoperative posterior slope angles (PSA) were the risk factors of poor pain relief (P < 0.05). Using BMD as a predictor, the optimum cut-off value of poor pain relief was T-level = ?3.0 SD in the ROC curve, where sensitivity and specificity were 73.5% and 83.7%, respectively. Based on this cut-off value, obvious pain relief was observed in the High BMD group compared with Low BMD group from the 6th month after TKA in the subgroup analysis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBMD is an effective predictor for postoperative pain relief in KOA patients after TKA, and the poor pain relief should be fully considered especially when BMD T-level ≤ ?3.0 SD.