Cryptotanshinone ameliorates renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory response

Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is a natural compound from the Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. Previous studies demonstrated that CTS possesses anti‐apoptotic and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, its effects and underlying mechanism on renal ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CTS on renal IR injury and its potential underlying mechanisms. Mice were randomized into four groups as follows: (a) sham operation + vehicle, (b) sham operation + CTS, (c) IR + vehicle, (d) IR + CTS. The CTS‐treated group were injected intraperitoneally with CTS (10 mg/kg/d) for 7 days prior to IR operation. Renal IR injury was induced by clamping the bilateral renal artery for 30 minutes followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. The mice were then killed to collect the serum and the kidneys for analysis. The results of the present study showed that CTS pretreatment significantly attenuates IR‐induced renal functional and morphological injuries, which was accompanied with inhibition of cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signalling were inhibited by CTS. Therefore, CTS could be a useful therapeutic agent in the fight against renal IR injury.     

Irreversible effects of trichloroethylene on the gut microbial community and gut‐associated immune responses in autoimmune‐prone mice

The developing immune system is particularly sensitive to immunotoxicants. This study assessed trichloroethylene (TCE)‐induced effects on the gut microbiome and cytokine production during the development in mice. Mice were exposed to TCE (0.05 or 500 μg/mL) at the levels that approximate to environmental or occupational exposure, respectively. Mice were subjected to a continuous developmental exposure to these doses encompassing gestation, lactation and continuing directly in the drinking water postnatally for 154 days (PND154) or PND259. To observe persistence of the effect TCE was removed from the drinking water in a subset of mice on PND154 and were provided regular drinking water until the study terminus (PND259). Abundance of total tissue‐associated bacteria reduced only in mice exposed to TCE until PND259. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes did not alter during this continuos exposure; however, cessation of high‐dose TCE at PND154 resulted in the increased abundance Bacteroidetes at PND259. Furthermore, high‐dose TCE exposure until PND259 resulted in a lower abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Lactobaccilus and increased abundance of genus Bifidobactrium and bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae. TCE exposure until PND154 showed significant changes in the production of interleukin‐33; that might play a dual role in maintaining the balance and homeostasis between commensal microbiota and mucosal health. At PND259, interleukin‐3, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and Eotaxin were altered in both, the continuous exposure and cessation groups, whereas only a cessation group had a higher level of KC that may facilitate infiltration of neutrophils. The irreversible effects of TCE after a period of exposure cessation suggested a unique programming and potential toxicity of TCE even at the environmental level exposure.     

冠状动脉腔内成形术中缺血和再灌注对QT离散度的影响

目的 :通过分析经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty,PTCA )中缺血和再灌注时 QT离散度的变化。评价成功的 PTCA术对改善 QT离散度的临床意义。方法 :选择 2 4例冠心病患者 ,其中男 2 0例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 (5 5 .5± 10 .2 )岁 ,采用光盘连续监测记录 PTCA过程中 12导联同步心电图及血压变化。分别于球囊扩张前 ,首次球囊扩张期间 ,球囊扩张后 5 s和反复多次扩张结束后 30、6 0、12 0、180 s,测定 QT间期和 RR间期 ,所有值均用 QTL C=QT 0 .15 4(1- RR)公式进行心率校正 ,QTd=QTmax- QTmin。结果 :QTd在球囊扩张期间比扩张前明显增大 (P <0 .0 5 )。 QTd在反复球囊扩张结束后的不同时间比扩张期间显著减小 (P <0 .0 1) ,同时 QTmax明显减小 ,而 QTmin不变。结论 :PTCA球囊扩张期间 ,由于产生一过性短暂的缺血使QTd增加 ,而再灌注后 ,QTd得到改善可能与缺血预适应产生的心肌保护作用有关。     

外周血端粒酶的活性与高血压病

目的：探讨高血压病患外周血单个核细胞的端粒酶活性。方法：用端粒酶ＰＣＲ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法测定９０例高血压病患与５６例血压正常外击血端粒酶的活性。结果：高血压组外周血单个核细胞的端粒酶活性比对照组明显增高（分别为５７％和２３％,Ｐ〈０．０００１）,经多因素Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｃ回归分析,显示影响血压的主要因素是年龄、体重指数、血胰岛素水平和端粒酶;与端粒酶高表达有关的主要因素是高血压和淋巴细胞数,进一步     

探讨定量构效关系模型在药物及其杂质毒性预测方面的应用

随着定量构效关系（QSAR）模型从二维至多维的不断发展,它被越来越广泛地应用于各个领域,同时也为药品的监管提供了新的参考方案。QSAR模型对于杂质的毒性预测可应用于药品的研发和质量控制过程,有利于控制药品的安全风险,缩减企业的研发成本。QSAR模型的应用程序也在不断优化,以确保QSAR模型可以不断地适用于新药及未知杂质的毒性研究。本文从QSAR模型的建模基础及发展历程出发,对近年来该模型在药物及其杂质毒性预测方面的应用研究报道进行了归纳总结。     

治疗痤疮新药sarecycline概述

摘 要Sarecycline是过去40年来首个专门针对皮肤病设计的口服抗菌药,这种首创、窄谱四环素类药在临床研究中已被证明用药后3周可使皮肤炎性皮损显著改善,且有良好的安全性和耐受性,适用于治疗罹患中度至重度痤疮的患者。     

银杏内酯B对血小板活化因子激活的大鼠中性白细胞功能的影响

探讨了银杏内酯Ｂ对体外血小板活化因子激活的大鼠中性白细胞某些功能,包括溶酶体酶的释放,超氧阴离子的产生以及细胞内游离钙浓度改变的影响。结果显示：银杏内酯Ｂ在０．５￣１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ终浓度下,可使β－葡萄糖苷酸酶释放量降低４４．２％￣７３．２％,在０．１￣４０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ终浓度下,可使超氧阴离子生量降低２７．４％￣５０．０％;在０．１￣１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ终浓度下,使ＰＡＦ和ｆＭＬＰ刺激引起的细胞内     

Diagnostic performance of OCT and OCTA in less than 60-year-old patients with early POAG: a cross-sectional study

AIM: To determine whether Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT) can increase the survival of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and inhibit microglia activation following retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: Rat model of I/R was induced by transient elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP). HCT was orally administered for 2d before the performance of retinal I/R model and once a day for the next 14d. After 14d after I/R injury, the rats were sacrificed for further analysis. Survival RGCs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Apoptosis of RGCs was detected by TUNEL staining. Retinal function was examined by flash-electroretinography (F-ERG). Retinal microglia were labeled using iba-1, one specific marker for microglia. The mRNA expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β were assessed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Systemic HCT treatment significantly reduced RGCs death by HE staining and exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect as assessed by TUNEL staining at day 14 after I/R injury. HCT greatly improved the retinal function as examined by F-ERG. The number of activated microglia significantly increased after I/R injury, which was significantly attenuated by HCT treatment. Besides, I/R injury induced a strong upregulation of pro-in?ammatory genes TNF?α, iNOS and IL-1β mRNAs at day 14 post injury, which was suppressed by HCT. CONCLUSION: Neuroprotective effects of HCT encourage the survival of RGCs through inhibiting microglia activation due to I/R injury. Together these results support the use of HCT as promising therapy for the ischemic events of the retina diseases.     

577nm激光光凝联合芪明颗粒治疗糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅲ期

目的:探讨眼底激光联合芪明颗粒治疗糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅲ期的疗效观察。方法:将2017-12/2018-06在我院眼科需要行眼底激光治疗的56例糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅲ期患者随机分为两组:试验组(芪明颗粒联合眼底激光治疗)28例,对照组(眼底激光治疗)28例。观察两组治疗后视力(BCVA),平均视野缺损(MD),黄斑中心厚度(CMT)的改变,观察时间为6mo。结果:治疗后1、3、6mo试验组、对照组患眼平均BCVA、MD值、CMT值与治疗前比较均有差异(P<0.05)。治疗后1、3mo两组患眼平均BCVA、MD值、CMT值比较均有差异(P<0.05);治疗后6mo均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:芪明颗粒短期内可减轻激光光凝对视网膜功能损害程度,促使激光损伤的快速修复,减轻糖尿病性黄斑水肿。     

Effect of unilateral inferior oblique weakening on fundus torsion in bilateral eyes of children with congenital superior oblique palsy

AIM: To determine the frequency and types of retinal diseases in adult patients attending two public eye clinics of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, and the extend of the related visual loss. METHODS: Review of medical records of patients with retinal diseases seen in the major eye clinics in Kinshasa, the University Hospital of Kinshasa (UHK) and Saint Joseph Hospital (SJH), from January 2012 to December 2014. Demographics and diagnoses were retrieved and analyzed. Outcome measures were frequency and prevalence of retinal diseases, blindness and low vision. RESULTS: A total of 40 965 patients aged 40y or older were examined during this period in both clinics. Of these, 1208 had retinal disease, giving a 3-year and an annual prevalence of 3% and 1%, respectively. Mean age was 61.7±10.7y, 55.8% of the patients were males. Arterial hypertension (68.1%) and diabetes (43.3%) were the most common systemic comorbidities. Hypertensive retinopathy (41.8%), diabetic retinopathy (37.9%), age-related macular degeneration (14.6%), and chorioretinitis and retinal vein occlusion (7.3% each) were the most common retinal diseases, with 3-year prevalence rates were 1.3%, 1.0%, 0.43%, and 0.21% respectively. Bilateral low vision and blindness were present in 26.8% and 8.4% of the patients at presentation. Major causes of low vision and blindness were diabetic retinopathy (14.8%), age-related macular degeneration (4.9%), retinal detachment (2.8%), and retinal vein occlusion (2.5%). The prevalence was significantly higher among males than females, and at the UHK than SJH. CONCLUSION: Retinal diseases are common among Congolese adult patients attending eye clinics in Kinshasa. They cause a significant proportion of low vision and blindness.