Rapid and Robust Transgenic High-Grade Glioma Mouse Models for Therapy-Intervention Studies

PURPOSE:To develop a transgenic mouse model of glioma that can be conveniently used for testing therapy-intervention strategies.High-grade glioma is a devastating and uniformly fatal disease for which better therapy is urgently needed.     

The Treatment with Antibody of TNF-α Reduces the Inflammation,Necrosis and Fibrosis in the Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by Methionine- and Choline-deficient Diet

To assess the effects of anti-TNF-α antibody (infliximab) in experimental steatohepatitis induced by methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. The study included thirty rats. One group received normal rat food, and two groups received MCD diet. The treatment group received a single dose intra-peritoneal infliximab (4 mg/kg), at week 8. MCD diet increased levels of AST, ALT, TNF-α, TGF-β₁, tissue and plasma MDA (p < 0.05 for each). Moreover, it led to steatosis, ballooning degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis and increased actin expression, histopathologically (p < 0.05 for each). In this experimental steatohepatitis anti-TNF-α antibody decreased the levels of AST, ALT, TGF-β₁ and plasma and tissue MDA (p < 0.05 for each). Moreover, inflammation, necrosis, actin expression and fibrosis decreased in anti-TNF-α group compared to placebo group (p < 0.05 for each). This study indicates that anti-TNF-α antibody is effective on necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis in the experimental model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, induced by MCD diet.     

罗格列酮对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织IGF-1表达的影响

目的探讨免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织中胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的表达变化,并观察罗格列酮对其的影响。方法应用猪血清腹腔注射诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,适时给予罗格列酮干预。采用ELISA法检测血清IGF-1水平和免疫组织化学法检测肝组织IGF-1的表达。结果与对照组相比,第4、6、8周模型组大鼠血清及肝组织IGF-1水平均显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,8周罗格列酮组大鼠纤维化程度减轻(P<0.01),血清及肝组织IGF-1表达水平降低(P<0.01)。结论随肝纤维化进展,大鼠血清和肝组织IGF-1的表达均增强,罗格列酮可降低肝组织IGF-1的表达,因而能减轻大鼠肝纤维化。     

Epidemiological features of irritable bowel syndrome in a Turkish urban society

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread functional bowel disorder and its prevalence in Western societies ranges from 3-20%. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of IBS in eastern Turkey, particularly in urban parts of Elazig where 250 000 people live. METHODS: Of the 18 primary care centers, four were randomly selected for this study. All individuals (aged >17 years) living around the service area of these health centers were included. A total of 1900 subjects were randomly selected using the personal health records from the primary care centers. The total number of subjects that could be contacted was 1766. A questionnaire with multiple choice questions was applied to the subjects by medical students using the face-to-face technique. Prevalence of IBS and distribution of symptoms were evaluated by the Rome II criteria. RESULTS: Of the 1766 subjects, 45.4% were male and 54.6% were female. Prevalence of IBS was 5% in males, 7.4% in females and 6.3% overall. The percentage of subjects with IBS in the 17-30 years age group was 26.2%; 52.3% in the 30-50 years age group and 21.6% in the above 50 years age group. Prevalence of IBS was highest (10.2%) in persons who were illiterate and lowest (3.0%) in university graduates. A positive correlation was determined between low economical status and prevalence of IBS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although IBS is widely present in Turkey, its prevalence is lower than that reported in Western communities. In the region where this study was carried out, IBS was more prevalent in females and in individuals with low educational and economical status.     

Protective Effect of Soy Isoflavones and Activity Levels of Plasma Paraoxonase and Arylesterase in the Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Model

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by diffuse fatty infiltration in the liver and ballooning degeneration and inflammation in hepatocytes. We aimed to study the protective effect of soy isoflavones on experimental NASH and their effects on plasma paraoxanese and arylesterase levels in rats. Twenty-eight male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (n=7) received an isocaloric normal diet for 8 weeks, Group 2 (n=7) was fed an isocaloric basal diet plus oral soy isoflavone for 8 weeks (100 mg/kg in diet), Group 3 (n=7) received a special diet that was methionine and choline deficient (MCD) and rich in fat for 8 weeks, and Group 4 (n=7) was fed a special diet that was MCD and rich in fat plus oral soy isoflavone for 8 weeks (100 mg/kg in diet). Blood samples were collected to measure plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxanese, and arylesterase and biochemical parameters. Tissue samples were duly taken for histopathological examination and measurement of tissue MDA levels. Plasma MDA levels were higher in Group 3 than in Groups 1, 2, and 4 (P <0.01, P <0.05, and P <0.05 respectively). Liver tissue MDA levels were also significantly higher in Group 3 compared to Groups 1, 2, and 4 (P <0.001, P <0.001, and P <0.05 respectively). A significant decrease was found in the plasma and liver tissue MDA levels in Group 4 compared to Group 3 (P <0.05 and P <0.05, respectively). The activity levels of plasma paraoxanase and arylesterase were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). Also, the plasma paraoxanase and arylesterase levels were significantly higher in Group 4 compared to Groups 1 and 3 (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). A significant reduction was observed in Group 4 in steatosis, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis compared to Group 3 (P <0.05 for each). We conclude that soy isoflavones seem to be effective in preventing liver damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation in the NASH model induced by a MCD diet. They stimulate and increase the activity of the antioxidative paraoxanase enyzme while decreasing the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.     

多台全自动血细胞分析仪检测结果的比对研究

目的 通过对多台不同型号全自动血细胞分析仪检测结果的比对分析,探讨其检测结果是否可达临床要求.方法 以参加卫生部血细胞分析室间质评的SYSMEX XT-1800i全自动血细胞分析仪作为标准机,其它四台仪器分别为BECKMAN Coulter LH785及LH750和SYSMEX XS-800i及XE-2100作为比对机.每天仅选用SYSMEX XT-1800i和BECKMAN Coulter LH785两台仪器的配套质控物进行室内质控的WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT及PLT值的检测,连续检测30天.同时用上述五台仪器对新鲜血液标本的WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT及PLT值进行检测,连续检测30天.结果 五台仪器检测结果经统计学分析,相关系数在0.94～0.99之间;F检验P值均＞0.05;检测结果偏倚值均在1/2美国CLIA'88能力验证分析质量要求范围内.结论同一实验室使用多台型号不同的血细胞分析仪时,选择性进行室内质量控制并结合新鲜血对仪器进行比对检测分析,能有效提高血细胞分析仪检测结果的可比性,这样不仅减少了质控物的用量,同时也可为临床提供准确一致的实验室检测结果.使临床对疾病的诊断和治疗监测有一个统一的判断标准.     

微量荧光法体外测定恶性疟原虫对4种常用抗疟药的敏感性

目的 验证微量荧光法(MFA)用于恶性疟原虫体外药物敏感性和抗疟药物筛选的适用性。方法 运用MFA测定氯喹、青蒿素、蒿甲醚和咯萘啶等4种常用抗疟药物对体外培养FCC1/HN株恶性疟原虫的敏感性,并对该方法所测得的量效曲线(dose-response curves)及50%有效抑制浓度(IC₅₀)与光学显微镜镜检法所得的结果进行比较。结果 MFA所测定的氯喹、青蒿素、蒿甲醚和咯萘啶的IC50分别为18.79、6.32、3.67和2.00 nmol/L,光学显微镜镜检法的结果分别为19.65、5.82、4.38和2.83nmol/L,两者差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 用MFA体外测定恶性疟原虫对抗疟药的敏感性敏感、快速,可用于体外抗疟药物的敏感性测定及抗疟药物筛选。     

The effect of gastrografin and glucagon on CT scanning of the pancreas: a blind clinical trial

The effect of Gastrografin and glucagon on pancreatic CT scanning was studied in a blind clinical trial. Twenty-five patients had a pancreatic CT scan performed on an 18-second scanner and a repeat pancreatic CT scan following administration of Gastrografin and glucagon. The results were statistically significant: decreased streak artifacts; improved pancreatic head, body and tail delineation; and improved overall pancreatic visualization. Gastrografin-glucagon administration is recommended prior to pancreatic CT scanning if the scanning cycle is 18 seconds or longer.