Pseudarthrosis following lumbar fusion: detection by direct coronal CT scanning

Twenty patients with fusions of the lumbar spine (seven with pseudarthrosis, 11 with solid bony fusions, and two with fusions that appeared solid but assessment was complicated by the presence of surgical hardware) underwent computed tomographic (CT) scanning in the supine position in the axial plane and, employing a specially designed seat, in the coronal plane. Three-millimeter contiguous sections were acquired. The direct coronal images were compared with those reformated from the axial images. The higher-resolution direct coronal images facilitated the diagnosis of pseudarthrosis and increased confidence in interpretation of normal studies. Direct coronal imaging is easy to perform and in many cases requires fewer scans and less radiation than reformations. Because it provides more useful diagnostic information, direct coronal imaging should replace current methods for evaluating fusions of the lumbar spine.     

犬急性心肌缺血区CO_2激光孔道的形态学变化

目的观察CO2激光对犬急性心肌缺血行心肌打孔后孔道的形态学变化,以探求TMLR的供血机制。方法8只杂种犬采用冠状动脉结扎方法造成左室前侧壁心肌梗死或缺血。使用大功率CO2激光在心肌缺血区域打孔,打孔数目3～5个/cm2,分别在TMLR后1周、1和6个月将犬心脏取出,经相应组织学方法处理后进行光镜和扫描电镜观察。结果孔道刚建立时可见气化孔道、炭化焦痂、坏死带及变形细胞层由内向外依次排列;TMLR后1周时孔道开放,孔道边缘有炎细胞浸润,1及6个月孔道内壁光滑,孔道与其它心肌结构相连,同时孔道周围的心肌微循环结构较前丰富。但孔道内壁的变化及炎症反应的程度与激光脉冲时间有关。结论TMLR后激光心肌孔道可以较长期保持通畅,使心腔内的氧合血通过这些孔道灌注心肌。但激光脉冲时间和心壁压力大小对孔道的通畅影响较大。     

Dental material artifacts on MR images

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the head and neck is becoming an important aid in evaluating pathologic conditions of the brain, midface, and pharynx. Certain dental materials cause artifacts during MR imaging of the lower midface. These artifacts can obscure the normal anatomy. This study describes the degree of artifact production caused by various materials commonly used in dental restorations. Of the materials tested, those causing artifacts were made of stainless steel, such as orthodontic bands used for braces, and pins or posts that are commonly drilled into teeth to provide structure or stability before filling. Materials used as temporary or permanent fillings or crowns--such as amalgam, gold alloy, aluminum, microfilled resin, and polyvinyl acrylics--did not cause artifacts in the images.     

大肠良恶性肿瘤中PTEN的蛋白表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨抑癌基因PTEN在大肠良恶性肿瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法　应用S -P免疫组织化学方法检测 2 8例正常大肠黏膜组织 ,3 2例大肠腺瘤的腺体及腺体旁组织 ,12例大肠息肉及息肉旁组织 ,48例大肠癌的癌组织及癌旁组织中PTEN蛋白的表达情况。结果　PTEN蛋白在所有大肠肿瘤组织的表达与其在正常粘膜组织及肿瘤旁组织表达相比均有显著性差异 ;PTEN蛋白在所有大肠肿瘤组织的表达水平 ,尤其在大肠息肉和大肠癌中 ,均显著低于正常大肠组织及其相应的肿瘤旁组织 ,且与肿瘤的大小呈显著负相关 ;癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达与癌组织分化程度呈显著正相关 ,而与其临床Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和远处脏器转移无关。结论　抑癌基因PTEN在大肠息肉 (尤其是腺瘤性息肉 )和大肠癌的发生发展中起着重要作用 ,检测PTEN蛋白表达可能对大肠息肉 (尤其是腺瘤性息肉 )和大肠癌的早期诊断、指导临床术后的进一步治疗及预后的判断有一定价值。     

肺部超声在支气管肺泡灌洗治疗新生儿肺不张效果评估中的应用价值

目的 探讨肺部超声动态评估支气管肺泡灌洗(BLA)治疗新生儿肺不张的效果.方法 收集我院新生儿重症监护室收治的60例肺不张患儿,经肺部超声标记肺不张的部位后行纤维支气管镜下BLA治疗.每次治疗后均行肺部超声检查观察肺不张恢复程度以决定是否继续进行灌洗.记录肺部啰音消失时间、机械通气时间及抗生素使用时间;比较治疗前及治疗...     

阿尔茨海默病发病机制及治疗进展

目的了解上海市静安区老年失智社区干预服务的效果,为进一步完善管理体系,丰富服务内涵,提高干预水平提供依据。方法根据信息饱和原则,使用定性研究的方法,对参与静安区老年失智社区干预项目的12位老年人进行深入访谈。结果经过干预,被访谈者对老年失智的症状、该病对个人和家庭的影响、疾病的防治效果的知晓率均较高;对干预效果的认可度较好,老人的认知功能、生活能力、社会功能及主观感受均有一定的改善;对于此项目的干预服务满意度评价也较高。结论社区干预服务为老年失智防治营造了良好的社会氛围,得到了老年人的认可和欢迎。     

Perirectal inflammatory disease: CT findings

The findings on computed tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed in 42 patients with perirectal inflammatory disease and suspected perirectal abscesses. CT was reliable for use in distinguishing perirectal abscesses from cellulitis and in localizing both supralevator and infralevator abscesses. CT allowed correct diagnosis of 13 surgically proved perirectal abscesses in ten patients, including three with residual abscesses after surgical drainage. In three patients with supralevator abscesses, the abscess was missed on initial surgical exploration. In patients without abscesses, CT was helpful in evaluating the extent of perirectal inflammation; however, it was not possible to determine its cause. The anatomy on CT scans of the pararectal spaces is reviewed, with emphasis on useful anatomic landmarks in the axial plane for distinguishing supralevator from infralevator abscesses.