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51.
Luuk A. de Wert MD Dan L. Bader PhD DSc Cees W. J. Oomens PhD Lisette Schoonhoven PhD Martijn Poeze MD PhD Nicole D. Bouvy MD PhD 《Wound repair and regeneration》2015,23(6):885-890
Currently, pressure ulcer preventive strategies focus mainly on pressure redistribution. Little attention is paid to reduce the harmful effects of shear‐force, because little is known about pathophysiological aspects of shear‐force. Even today, no method to measure the effects of shear‐force on the skin is available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the response to shear‐forces in terms of analyzing a noninvasive biomarker and reactive hyperemic parameter measured at the skin of healthy participants. A physical model was developed to produce a combination of pressure and shear or pressure alone on the skin. Ten healthy male participants were included and pressure (3.9 kPa) and a combined loading of pressure and shear (2.4 kPa + 14.5 N) was applied at the volar aspect of the forearms for 15 and 30 minutes. A Sebutape sample was used to collect IL‐1α and total protein (TP) noninvasively. The reactive hyperemic parameter was derived from a laser Doppler flowmeter. The increase in IL‐1α/TP‐ratio after a combined loading of pressure and shear for 30 minutes of 6.2 ± 2.5 was significantly higher compared with all other test conditions (p < 0.05). The increase in cutaneous blood cell flux was already significantly higher when a combined loading of pressure and shear was applied for 15 minutes compared with pressure alone. These results shows that the IL‐1α/TP‐ratio and cutaneous blood cell flux can be used as robust measures of the effect of shear‐force on skin in humans. Therefore, this model can be used to evaluate materials aimed at the reduction of shear. 相似文献
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André V. Ritter John S. Preisser Yunro Chung James D. Bader Daniel A. Shugars Bennett T. Amaechi Sonia K. Makhija Kimberly A. Funkhouser William M. Vollmer 《Clinical oral investigations》2012,16(6):1647-1657
Objective
This paper uses baseline data from a randomized clinical trial to evaluate cross-sectional indicators of root caries in caries-active adults.Materials and methods
Adults (21–80?years) having at least 12 erupted teeth and between one and ten caries lesions were enrolled. Participants (n?=?437) received caries exams by trained, calibrated examiners and responded to baseline demographic and medical–dental questionnaires. We examined associations between baseline characteristics and (1) the presence of any root caries using Mantel–Haenszel hypothesis tests and odds ratio (OR) estimators and (2) the number of root surfaces with caries among study participants with exposed root surfaces (n?=?349) using Mantel–Haenszel mean score tests and Mann–Whitney estimators.Results/conclusions
Adjusting for study site and age, male gender [OR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08, 2.78], white race (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.43, 3.98), recent dental visit (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.07, 3.66), poor self-described oral health (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.10, 6.39), and recent professional fluoride treatment (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.06, 3.25) were significantly associated with increased odds to have any root caries, and study participants with exposed root surfaces characterized by male gender [Mann–Whitney probability estimate (MW)?=?0.57; 95% CI, 0.51, 0.63), white race (MW, 0.61; 0.55, 0.68), recent dental visit (MW, 0.58; 0.50, 0.67), poor self-described oral health (MW, 0.61; 0.53, 0.69), and flossing at least once per day (MW, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.51, 0.62) were significantly more likely to have a greater number of root surfaces with caries than a randomly selected study participant from their respective complementary subgroups (female gender, non-white, etc.).Clinical relevance
Our findings may help identify individuals at higher root caries risk. 相似文献56.
Gregor F. Raschke Ulrich M. Rieger Rolf-Dieter Bader Oliver Schaefer Arndt Guentsch Stefan Schultze-Mosgau 《Clinical oral investigations》2013,17(3):933-942
Objectives
In the literature, there is an ongoing discussion about the influence of orbital fractures and the surgical approach on the rate of eyelid deformities of the lower eyelid.Materials and methods
We present an evaluation of a series of 221 patients 9 months after zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture repair that underwent implant removal. Reference anthropometric data were measured on standardized pre- and postoperative photographs. Analysis included eye fissure width and height, lid sulcus and upper lid height, upper and lower iris coverage, position of cornea to palpebra inferior, canthal tilt, scleral show, ectropion, and entropion. Both operated and contralateral eyelids were evaluated as well as whether a transconjunctival or a subciliary approach was performed.Results
Time, surgery, and surgical approach presented significant effects on eye fissure index and lower iris coverage. Scleral show was significantly influenced by the surgical procedure itself as well as by the type of incision. The rate of ectropion increased significantly pre- to postoperative.Conclusions
The subciliary approach included the highest risk of lower lid retraction. The low pre- to postoperative increase of scleral show and ectropion compared to recent studies gives us an idea about the influence of the underlying trauma on the rate of lower lid retraction. The standardized measurements described are accurately and objective to evaluate postoperative results.Clinical relevance
The transconjunctival approach is preferable in orbital fracture repair. 相似文献57.
Markus J. Bader Katja Zilinberg Patrick Weidlich Raphaela Waidelich Michaela Püls Christian Gratzke Christian G. Stief Herbert Stepp Ronald Sroka 《Lasers in medical science》2013,28(3):919-924
This study aims to evaluate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) using both the surface and the endoluminal technique is feasible to investigate the locations and degree of encrustation process in clinically used ureteral stents. After removal from patients, 14 polyurethane JJ stents were investigated. A fresh JJ served as a control. The external surfaces were examined using an endoscopic surface OCT whereas the intraluminal surfaces were investigated by an endoluminal radial OCT device. The focus was on detection of encrustation or crystalline sedimentation. In 12 female and two male patients, the median indwelling time of the ureteral catheter was 100 days (range, 19–217). Using the endoluminal OCT, the size and grade of intraluminal encrustation could be expressed as a percentage relating to the open lumen of the reference stent. The maximum encrustation observed resulted in a remaining unrestricted lumen of 15–35 % compared to the reference. The luminal reduction caused by encrustation was significantly higher at the proximal end of the ureteral stent as compared to its distal part. The extraluminal OCT investigations facilitated the characterization of extraluminal encrustation. OCT techniques were feasible and facilitated the detection of encrustation of double pigtail catheters on both the extra and intra luminal surface. Quantitative expression of the degree of intraluminal encrustation could be achieved, with the most dense and thickened occurrence of intraluminal incrustation in the upper curl of the JJ stent. 相似文献
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Papas AS Vollmer WM Gullion CM Bader J Laws R Fellows J Hollis JF Maupomé G Singh ML Snyder J Blanchard P;PACS Collaborative Group 《Journal of dental research》2012,91(2):150-155
The Prevention of Adult Caries Study, an NIDCR-funded multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, enrolled 983 adults (aged 18-80 yrs) at high risk for developing caries (20 or more intact teeth and 2 or more lesions at screening) to test the efficacy of a chlorhexidine diacetate 10% weight per volume (w/v) dental coating (CHX). We excluded participants for whom the study treatment was contraindicated or whose health might affect outcomes or ability to complete the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the CHX coating (n = 490) or a placebo control (n = 493). Coatings were applied weekly for 4 weeks and a fifth time 6 months later. The primary outcome (total net D(1-2)FS increment) was the sum of weighted counts of changes in tooth surface status over 13 months. We observed no significant difference between the two treatment arms in either the intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. Analysis of 3 protocol-specified secondary outcomes produced similar findings. This trial failed to find that 10% (w/v) chlorhexidine diacetate coating was superior to placebo coating for the prevention of new caries (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT00357877). 相似文献
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Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke that results in significant mortality and morbidity. Currently there is no definitive treatment for this disease. The paucity of animal models that reflect the heterogeneity of this spontaneous human disease could be the reason. Methods: In this review, we searched the literature for animal models of spontaneous ICH and found eight relevant papers.Results: Two were related to hypertension and six were related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). One model used double transgenic mice overexpressing human renin and angiotensinogen which caused the mice to be hypertensive. Induction of ICH, however required addition of a high salt diet and nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Another mouse model of hypertension employed subcutaneous angiotensin II infusion and nitric oxide synthase inhibition plus acute injections of angiotensin to further elevate blood pressure. Five CAA models were in transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. One relied on the natural development of CAA in squirrel monkeys.Conclusions: While all of the spontaneous ICH models have some advantages, the disadvantages include the sporadic time of onset of ICH and variability in size and location of ICH. Since there are no known efficacious treatments for ICH, it is not known if findings in the animal models will find treatments that are effective in humans. 相似文献