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81.
Bertz H Auner HW Weissinger F Salwender HJ Einsele H Egerer G Sandherr M Schüttrumpf S Südhoff T Maschmeyer G;Infectious Diseases Working Party 《Annals of hematology》2003,82(Z2):S167-S174
Infectious complications occur in 60-100% of patients following high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and are commonly caused by Gram-negative aerobic bacteria (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriacea e) and Gram-positive cocci (such as enterococci, streptococci and staphylococci), which should be covered by empiric first-line antibiotic therapy. Less frequently, infections are caused by fungi and anaerobic bacteria, and initial therapy does not necessarily have to cover coagulase-negative staphylococci, oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), anaerobic bacteria and fungi. Patients who already receive antibiotics and develop pulmonary infiltrates should immediately be treated with systemic antifungals. Patients with fever and diarrhea or other signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal or perianal infection should be treated with antibiotics covering anaerobic bacteria and enterococci. Clinically stable patients with skin infections or central venous catheter-related infections can be treated with standard empiric antibiotic therapy including a beta-lactam active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with or without an aminoglycoside, and should only receive glycopeptides if they do not respond to first-line therapy within 72 hours, become clinically unstable, have severe mucositis, or when resistance against the empiric antibiotics is demonstrated. Recombinant hematopoietic growth factors should not be added routinely but may be considered in life-threatening situations such as invasive pulmonary mycoses or sepsis. 相似文献
82.
Krause R Auner HW Daxböck F Mulabecirovic A Krejs GJ Wenisch C Reisinger EC 《Annals of hematology》2003,82(7):455-457
Two immunocompetent patients with cat-scratch disease due to infection with Bartonella henselae developed monoclonal and biclonal gammopathy. Neither patient had evidence of any other known cause of plasma cell dyscrasia, and antibiotic eradication of Bartonella henselae infection resulted in the prompt disappearance of the gammopathy. Hence, cat-scratch disease should be added to the list of possible underlying disorders in individuals presenting with monoclonal and biclonal gammopathy. 相似文献
83.
Paula Saavedra-García Monica Roman-Trufero Hibah A. Al-Sadah Kevin Blighe Elena Lpez-Jimnez Marilena Christoforou Lucy Penfold Daria Capece Xiaobei Xiong Yirun Miao Katarzyna Parzych Valentina S. Caputo Alexandros P. Siskos Vesela Encheva Zijing Liu Denise Thiel Martin F. Kaiser Paolo Piazza Aristeidis Chaidos Anastasios Karadimitris Guido Franzoso Ambrosius P. Snijders Hector C. Keun Diego A. Oyarzún Mauricio Barahona Holger W. Auner 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2021,118(17)
84.
Shah RD Cao A Golenberg L Ellis RD Auner GW Pandya AK Klein MD 《Surgical endoscopy》2009,23(4):727-733
Background Technical advances in the application of laparoscopic and robotic surgical systems have improved platform usability. The authors
hypothesized that using two monitors instead of one would lead to faster performance with fewer errors.
Methods All tasks were performed using a surgical robot in a training box. One of the monitors was a standard camera with two preset
zoom levels (zoomed in and zoomed out, single-monitor condition). The second monitor provided a static panoramic view of the
whole surgical field. The standard camera was static at the zoomed-in level for the dual-monitor condition of the study. The
study had two groups of participants: 4 surgeons proficient in both robotic and advanced laparoscopic skills and 10 lay persons
(nonsurgeons) who were given adequate time to train and familiarize themselves with the equipment. Running a 50-cm rope was
the basic task. Advanced tasks included running a suture through predetermined points and intracorporeal knot tying with 3–0
silk. Trial completion times and errors, categorized into three groups (orientation, precision, and task), were recorded.
Results The trial completion times for all the tasks, basic and advanced, in the two groups were not significantly different. Fewer
orientation errors occurred in the nonsurgeon group during knot tying (p = 0.03) and in both groups during suturing (p = 0.0002) in the dual-monitor arm of the study. Differences in precision and task error were not significant.
Conclusions Using two camera views helps both surgeons and lay persons perform complex tasks with fewer errors. These results may be due
to better awareness of the surgical field with regard to the location of the instruments, leading to better field orientation.
This display setup has potential for use in complex minimally invasive surgeries such as esophagectomy and gastric bypass.
This technique also would be applicable to open microsurgery.
Presented at the 2008 SAGES meeting. 相似文献
85.
在发明和常规应用卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)之前,十多年的临床体外受精(IVF)治疗实践中,受精率低下很常见,大约有20%~35%的IVF患者受精率很低(〈35%的卵子受精)和受精完全失败(所有卵子都不受精)。虽然受精失败与精子或卵子的质量有关,但相当一部分患者受精失败与精液质量或精子功能低下有很密切相关性。最常见的是严重的少精,弱精和畸形精子症患者。 相似文献
86.
RCA Schellekens GG Olsder SMCH Langenberg T Boer HJ Woerdenbag HW Frijlink JGW Kosterink F Stellaard 《British journal of pharmacology》2009,158(2):532-540
Background and purpose:
13C-urea may be a suitable marker to assess the in vivo fate of colon-targeted dosage forms given by mouth. We postulated that release in the colon (urease-rich segment) of 13C-urea from colon-targeted capsules would lead to fermentation of 13C-urea by bacterial ureases into 13CO2. Subsequent absorption into the blood and circulation would lead to detectable 13C (as 13CO2) in breath. If, however, release of 13C-urea occurred in the small intestine (urease-poor segment), we expected detectable 13C (as 13C-urea) in blood but no breath 13C (as 13CO2). The differential kinetics of 13C-urea could thus potentially describe both release kinetics and indicate the gastrointestinal segment of release.Experimental approach:
The in vivo study consisted of three experiments, during which the same group of four volunteers participated.Key results:
The kinetic model was internally valid. The appearance of 13C-in breath CO2 (Ffermented) and the appearance of 13C in blood as 13C-urea (Fnot fermented) show a high inverse correlation (Pearson''s r=−0.981, P= 0.06). The total recovery of 13C (Ffermented+Fnot fermented) averaged 99%, indicating complete recovery of the administered 13C via breath and blood. 13CO2 exhalation was observed in all subjects. This indicates that 13C-urea was available in urease-rich segments, such as the caecum or colon.Conclusions and implications:
In this proof-of-concept study, 13C-urea was able to provide information on both the release kinetics of a colon-targeted oral dosage form and the gastrointestinal segment where it was released. 相似文献87.
Background
Raman spectroscopy has been shown to accurately distinguish different neural crest-derived pediatric tumors. This study tests the ability of Raman spectroscopy to accurately identify cryopreserved tissue specimens using a classification algorithm designed from fresh tumor data and vice versa.Methods
Fresh specimens of neuroblastoma and other pediatric neural crest tumors were analyzed with Raman spectroscopy. After analysis, the specimens were stored at −80°C. At a later date, the specimens were thawed and reanalyzed by Raman spectroscopy. A computer algorithm was used to classify the spectra from the frozen tissue against a computer model built on the fresh tissue data. This classification process was then reversed, testing fresh spectra against a model built from frozen data.Results
We collected 1114 spectra (862 fresh and 252 frozen) from 62 tissue samples, including 8 normal adrenal glands, 29 neuroblastomas, 14 ganglioneuromas, 8 nerve sheath tumors, and 3 pheochromocytomas. At the tissue level, frozen neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, nerve sheath tumor, and pheochromocytoma were distinguished from normal adrenal tissue with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Fresh tissue had the same results except for the misclassification of one specimen of nerve sheath tumor.Conclusions
The representative spectra show a high correlation between fresh and frozen tissue, and a clear difference between pathologic conditions. Spectra from frozen tissue can be accurately classified against spectra from fresh tissue and vice versa. This modality makes it possible to determine in a few minutes a result that often takes 12 to 36 hours for tissue processing and consideration by a trained pathologist to achieve. 相似文献88.
M. Sabeti‐Aschraf M. Serek T. Pachtner K. Auner M. Machinek M. Geisler A. Goll 《Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports》2008,18(5):582-590
According to public opinion, Enduro motorcycling is a dangerous sport. Little is known about overuse injuries in connection with this sport. The study consisted of two phases. Phase 1 was planned as a prospective feasibility study for phase 2. The latter was initiated as a prospective investigation, comprising a random sample of the participants of phase 1. Enduro motorcyclists were interviewed with a prepared questionnaire. Clinical examinations were performed immediately before, and after, a major Enduro race, including pain assessment in the hand/wrist and the forearm using the visual analog scale. The occurrence of Raynaud's syndrome carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and loss of grip strength in the forearm muscles were recorded in detail. Phase 1 showed that the predominant overused anatomical regions were the hand/wrist and forearms. Nearly 50% of all the riders complained of pain or paresthetic sensations. A significant increase in pain was registered after the race. After the second run 32.28% of all riders had CTS in the left hand and 43.31% in the right hand. More than one‐half of the athletes complained of overuse injuries. Transient CTS is an overuse injury closely related to sports. 相似文献
89.
R.?KrauseEmail author R.?Haberl A.?W?lfler F.?Daxb?ck H.?W.?Auner G.?J.?Krejs C.?Wenisch E.?C.?Reisinger 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2003,22(12):760-763
In order to determine whether a blood culture positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) represents bacteremia or contamination, a prospective study was conducted using molecular typing to analyze CNS blood culture isolates and corresponding CNS skin isolates collected after skin disinfection from 431 subjects. CNS bacteremia was not found in any of the 301 subjects not suspected of having bacteremia. In 130 patients suspected of having bacteremia, the rate of actual CNS bacteremia was 6%. The overall rate of CNS blood culture contamination was 1%. Chart analysis showed good agreement between our microbiological definitions of bacteremia and the clinical definitions previously published. Bacteremia and contamination can be differentiated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and molecular typing of CNS isolates obtained from cultures of blood and corresponding skin samples. 相似文献
90.
Manson MM; Ball HW; Barrett MC; Clark HL; Judah DJ; Williamson G; Neal GE 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(9):1729-1738
A range of potential chemoprotective agents, most of them natural dietary
constituents, has been examined for ability to modulate both phase I
(cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, 2B1/2, 2C11, 2E1, 3A, 4A) and phase II drug
metabolizing enzymes (glutathione S-transferases, in particular subunits
Yc2 and P, aflatoxin B1-aldehyde reductase and quinone reductase) in rat
liver. In addition to assays of total enzyme activity and Western blots for
individual isozymes, the ability of microsomes to metabolize aflatoxin B1,
and of cytosols to conjugate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-epoxide to GSH and to
produce AFB1-dialcohol, were measured. Induction of gamma-glutamyl
transpeptidase activity was examined by histochemistry. Differing patterns
of induction were observed, reflecting differences in the control of
expression of the individual enzymes studied. Of the compounds examined,
butylated hydroxytoluene, ethoxyquin, indole-3-carbinol and phenethyl
isothiocyanate were the most potent bifunctional agents (inducing both
phase I and II activities). Oltipraz, while only weakly inducing CYP1A2 and
2B1/2, was a potent inducer of phase II enzymes. Caffeic acid, garlic oil,
sinigrin and propyl gallate all showed some ability to induce phase II
enzymes. 4-Methyl catechol, alpha-tocopherol and red wine decreased certain
phase I enzyme activities, while inducing total GST activity. Butylated
hydroxytoluene, ethoxyquin, garlic oil and indole-3-carbinol induced gamma
glutamyltranspeptidase in periportal hepatocytes. Particularly because of
their ability to induce the detoxifying activities of glutathione
S-transferase Yc2 and aldehyde reductase, butylated hydroxytoluene,
ethoxyquin, indole-3-carbinol, oltipraz, phenethyl isothiocyanate and
sinigrin will be effective blocking agents in rodents, if administered
prior to AFB1. While these studies indicate the relative contributions of
phase I and II metabolism in the overall protective effect in rat, care
should be taken that a similar balance is achieved in man, and that
relevant enzymes or iso forms are induced.
相似文献