Bolton tooth size discrepancies in skeletal Class I individuals presenting with different dental angle classifications

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and association of Bolton tooth size discrepancies with dental discrepancies. Forty-eight skeletal Class I, 60 Class II, and 44 Class III subjects with similar skeletal characteristics were included in this study. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean ratios of Bolton analysis as a function of the Angle classification and sex. To determine the prevalence of tooth size imbalances among the three groups of occlusions and the two sexes, chi-square tests were performed. To determine the correlation of tooth size imbalances with certain dental characteristics, Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. No statistically significant differences were determined for the prevalence of tooth size discrepancies and the mean values of Bolton's anterior and overall ratios among the occlusal groups and sexes. Bolton's anterior ratio discrepancies had significant correlations with midline shifts (P < .05) in Angle Class I cases, with U1-SN angle (P < .01) in Angle Class II cases, and with L1-APog distance (P < .05) in Angle Class III cases. Bolton discrepancies related to overall ratio had significant correlations with overjet (P < .05) in Class I cases, with overbite (P < .05) and U1-SN angle (P < .01) in Class II cases, and with IMPA (P < .01) in Class III cases. A high prevalence of tooth size discrepancies in an orthodontic patient population and the statistically significant correlation of some of these with some dental characteristics suggest that the measurement of interarch tooth size ratios might be clinically beneficial for treatment outcomes.     

A Case of HIV Infection with Thrombocytopenia: Assosiation of HIV,Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Brucellosis

To report a case of HIV infection presenting with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and brucellosis that responded well to plasmapheresis and anti-infective therapy. A 64-year-old woman with moderate confusion, fever and pancytopenia was admitted. HIV infection history was taken from her family and she was not receiving antiretroviral therapy last one year. She had generalized purpuric skin lesions. Wright tube agglutination test was found positive with a 1:160 dilution and the patient was diagnosed as brucellosis. Detailed literature search showed brucellosis as a possible cause of TTP. Patient was treated by plasma exchange/fresh frozen plasma and antimicrobials and the response was excellent. Although brucellosis seems to explain the clinical picture of this patient, it is revealed that broad differential diagnosis is needed to reach uncommon diagnosis like TTP particularly in HIV infected patients.     

Changes in oxidative stress and cellular immunity serum markers in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Aims: Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder with an etiopathogeny not fully understood. According to the prevailing view, the main factors contributing to the disorder are prefrontal dopamine deficiency and central dopaminergic dysfunction, but the factors/mechanisms involved in the brain dysfunction and its consequences are not well known. We suggest that changes in oxidative metabolism and cellular immunity may be involved. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there are associations between ADHD and changes in serum levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and paraoxonase‐1 (PON‐1) activities, which are important markers of oxidative stress, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, marker of cellular immunity. Methods: The study sample consisted of 35 child or adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM‐IV‐TR criteria. Thirty‐five healthy subjects were also included in the study as controls. Venous blood samples were collected, and NOS, XO, GST, PON‐1 and ADA activities were measured. Results: NOS, XO and ADA activities of the patients were significantly higher than those of the controls. GST and PON‐1 activities of the patients were significantly lower than those of the controls. Conclusions: Changes in oxidative metabolism and cellular immunity may have a role in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD.     

Comparison of the effects of different electrocautery applications to peripheral nerves: an experimental study

Background

This study was designed to investigate the effects of bipolar and mononopolar electrocauterization on peripheral nerve tissue. The comparison on the deleterious effects of the different cautery modalities and the importance of probe tip placement are evaluated using electrophysiological, electron microscopic and biochemical assessment parameters.

Methods

Ninety-eight male Wistar albino rats, each weighing 250?C275?g, were randomly divided into 14 groups. Each group consisted of seven animals. Monopolar and bipolar electrocautery were performed at 15 watts. The application was performed either directly on the nerve or 1?mm lateral to the longitudinal axis of the nerve for ??near the nerve groups??, respectively.

Results

The electrophysiological findings showed that the mean amplitudes were at the lowest value in the first day for all the groups. At the end of the 3rd week, we recognised that the electrophysiological recovery continued. Electron microscopic evaluation showed myelin disruption in all groups. Myelin disruption of healthy neurons was at the highest level in the 1st day of application in accordance with the electrophysiological findings. Biochemical evaluation revealed statistical significance between the control and the two of the ??near the nerve groups?? (GIII and GV) for NO (nitrite and nitrate) serum level.

Conclusion

The data of the present study might suggest that electrocautery, independent of the type and form of application, may result in significant damage in histological and electrophysological basis. Although the relative proportions cannot be ascertained, the time course of recovery suggests that both axon and myelin damage have occurred. The probable electrocautery damage may be of substantial importance for the situation that the nerves are displaced by tumor masses or atypical neural traces.     

Comparison of efficacy and safety of three different chemotherapy regimens delivered with concomitant radiotherapy in inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients

Tumor Biology - Concomitant administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is currently recognized as the standard of treatment in locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)....