全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2802篇 |
免费 | 142篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 24篇 |
儿科学 | 74篇 |
妇产科学 | 147篇 |
基础医学 | 445篇 |
口腔科学 | 89篇 |
临床医学 | 203篇 |
内科学 | 641篇 |
皮肤病学 | 27篇 |
神经病学 | 224篇 |
特种医学 | 62篇 |
外科学 | 451篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
预防医学 | 132篇 |
眼科学 | 70篇 |
药学 | 149篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 194篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 49篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 52篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 66篇 |
2015年 | 64篇 |
2014年 | 114篇 |
2013年 | 108篇 |
2012年 | 142篇 |
2011年 | 172篇 |
2010年 | 118篇 |
2009年 | 108篇 |
2008年 | 208篇 |
2007年 | 214篇 |
2006年 | 187篇 |
2005年 | 205篇 |
2004年 | 163篇 |
2003年 | 169篇 |
2002年 | 143篇 |
2001年 | 48篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 37篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2950条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Objective
Caries adjacent to restorations is one of the main causes for restoration replacement. Antimicrobial substances incorporated into dental materials would potentially be able to reduce secondary caries initiation and progression. This study investigated biofilm growth of Streptococcus mutans UA159 on the surface of composite materials containing the biomolecule carolacton compared to materials containing chlorhexidine (CHX) and triclosan.Methods
Biofilm inhibition was investigated by counting colony forming units (CFU), viability staining (Life/Dead), and real-time quantitative PCR.Results
First, the antimicrobial substances were added to the cultivation medium at 2.5 μg/ml (0.0002%) and 0.25 μg/ml (0.00002%). CHX eliminated bacterial growth and biofilm formation completely. Triclosan was effective at 2.5 μg/ml, but at 0.25 μg/ml biofilm mass and viability were unchanged, yet the number of CFU increased due to disruption of cell chains and biofilm aggregates. Carolacton had a limited effect on biofilm growth and mass, but reduced viability significantly. When incorporated into composite materials carolacton (25 μg/ml resp. 0.002%, w/w) had no adverse effect on physical/mechanical properties and retained its biofilm inhibiting effect. Life/Dead staining revealed a reduction of biofilm viability of up to 64%. CFUs were reduced by 98% and qPCR demonstrated a mean inhibition of 87%. In contrast, materials containing CHX or triclosan showed an insignificant effect on biofilm formation, even at a 100fold increased concentration (0.2%). The anti-biofilm activity of composite material containing carolacton was stable over a period of 42 days.Significance
Carolacton incorporated into dental filling material has a strong biofilm-inhibiting effect on S. mutans and is therefore potentially able to prevent secondary caries formation. 相似文献62.
63.
64.
65.
van Bruchem-van de Scheur GG van der Arend AJ Spreeuwenberg C Abu-Saad HH ter Meulen RH 《Journal of advanced nursing》2007,58(1):44-52
AIM: This paper is a report of the findings of a study into the role of district nurses in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in homecare organizations, conducted as part of a study into the role of nurses in medical end-of-life decisions. BACKGROUND: Issues concerning legislation and regulation with respect to the role of nurses in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide gave the Minister for Health reason to commission a study into the role of nurses in medical end-of-life decisions in hospitals, nursing homes and homecare organizations. This is the first quantitative study from the perspective of nurses. Previous quantitative studies were conducted under physicians and information on the role of nurses was obtained indirectly. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent in 2003 to 500 district nurses employed in 55 homecare organizations. The absolute response rate was 86.0% and 81.6% (408) could be used for analysis. RESULTS: In 22.3% of 278 cases, the district nurse was the first with whom patients discussed their request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. In about half (49.8%) of 267 cases nurses were not involved in the general practitioner's decision-making process, and in only 13.3% of 264 cases, did they attend the administration of the lethal drugs. District nurses had provided some degree of aftercare to the surviving relatives in 80.3% of 264 cases. CONCLUSION: Collaboration between general practitioners and district nurses needs improvement, particularly in relation to decision-making. Our Dutch data could help nurses in other countries to define their (future) role in euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. 相似文献
66.
Tobias Klatte Nils Kroeger Uwe Zimmermann Martin Burchardt Arie S. Belldegrun Allan J. Pantuck 《World journal of urology》2014,32(3):597-605
Introduction
Currently, most of renal tumors are small, low grade, with a slow growth rate, a low metastatic potential, and with up to 30 % of these tumors being benign on the final pathology. Moreover, they are often diagnosed in elderly patients with preexisting medical comorbidities in whom the underlying medical conditions may pose a greater risk of death than the small renal mass. Concerns regarding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of patients with indolent small renal tumors have led to an increasing interest in minimally invasive, ablative as an alternative to extirpative interventions for selected patients.Objective
To provide an overview about the state of the art in radiofrequency ablation (RFA), high-intensity focused ultrasound, and cryoablation in the clinical management of renal cell carcinoma.Methods
A PubMed wide the literature search of was conducted.Results
International consensus panels recommend ablative techniques in patients who are unfit for surgery, who are not considered candidates for or elect against elective surveillance, and who have small renal masses. The most often used techniques are cryoablation and RFA. These ablative techniques offer potentially curative outcomes while conferring several advantages over extirpative surgery, including improved patient procedural tolerance, faster recovery, preservation of renal function, and reduction in the risk of intraoperative and postsurgical complications. While it is likely that outcomes associated with ablative modalities will improve with further advances in technology, their application will expand to more elective indications as longer-term efficacy data become available.Conclusion
Ablative techniques pose a valid treatment option in selected patients. 相似文献67.
68.
69.
70.
Goldenberg I Matetzky S Halkin A Roth A Di Segni E Freimark D Elian D Agranat O Har Zahav Y Guetta V Hod H 《American heart journal》2003,145(5):862-867