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51.
Antidepressant-associated maniform states in acute treatment of patients with bipolar-I depression 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. Bottlender Daniel Rudolf Anton Strauss Hans-Jürgen Möller 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》1998,248(6):296-300
Medical records of 158 patients with bipolar depression were analysed for the incidence of a switch from depression to maniform
states (mania and hypomania). Relation to psychopharmacological treatment was investigated. Thirty-nine (25%) patients of
the total sample had switched to a maniform state during the treatment period in the hospital. Among that group the phenomenon
occurred in 23 patients (15%) as a hypomania and in 16 patients (10%) as a mania. Patients with a switch were significantly
more often treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) than patients without switch (79.5% vs 51.3%). Mood stabilising medication
might reduce the risk for switching, especially in patients treated with TCA; however, it seems not totally sufficient, since
59% of the switched patients received mood stabilisers. The switch phenomenon was not associated with sociodemographic or
clinical data.
Received: 23 September 1998 / Accepted: 28 September 1998 相似文献
52.
Male Wistar rats bearing intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulae and with simultaneous access to 6% ethanol and water were
subjected to adrenalectomy (ADX) or sham surgery. ADX decreased ethanol intake. Starting a few days later, the animals received
ICV infusions with 100 μg corticosterone acetate (CORT) with 2-to 3-day intervals for 2 weeks. ICV CORT, but not SC CORT at
the same dose, restored ethanol consumption in ADX rats to preoperative levels, whereas vehicle infusions (propylene, glycol)
did not. Adrenally intact animals, which normally consumed moderate amounts of ethanol (≈0.5 g/kg per day), also showed a
robust effect of ICV infusions of CORT, whereas this facilitatory effect was not observed in high consumers (≈3.0 g/kg per
day). The suppressive effect of ADX on ethanol intake was not reproduced by concurrent and repeated ICV infusions of intracellular
mineralocorticoid (RU 28318) and glucocorticoid (mifepristone) receptor blockers. It is concluded that CORT stimulates alcohol
consumption by acting in the brain, probably by way of neuronal membrane mechanisms. 相似文献
53.
54.
55.
P Goya J A Paez I Alkorta E Carrasco M Grau F Anton S Julia M Martinez-Ripoll 《Journal of medicinal chemistry》1992,35(22):3977-3983
The synthesis and evaluation of a new class of diuretic agents derived from the pyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide ring system are described. Preliminary structure-activity relationships indicate that the nature and location of the substituents at different positions of the heterocycle are crucial for activity. Thus, a novel synthetic methodology has been developed to selectively introduce the desired substituents at different positions. From the study of the pharmacological properties (dose-response curves, duration of action, and acute toxicity) of the most active compounds, 4-amino-1,7-diethyl-6-methylpyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine++ + 2,2-dioxide (9) was selected for further investigation. Compound 9 (C10H15N5O2S) crystallizes in space group P21/a with unit cell dimensions a = 16.482 (1), b = 9.3484 (3), c = 8.333 (3) A, beta = 103.003 (3) degrees, Z = 4. 相似文献
56.
W H Edwards Jr S S Tapper W H Edwards Sr J L Mulherin Jr R S Martin rd J M Jenkins 《Annals of surgery》1994,219(6):673-678
OBJECTIVE: Twenty-five years of experience with subclavian revascularizations were reviewed to determine the long-term patency rates of different extrathoracic approaches. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although it is generally agreed that proximal subclavian stenosis should be treated by an extrathoracic route whenever possible, the optimum procedure is debated. Alternatives include subclavian carotid bypass, subclavian-to-subclavian or axillo-axillary bypasses, and the authors' preferred technique of subclavian carotid transposition (SCT). METHODS: Records were researched for the past 25 years in a single specialty surgical clinic for extrathoracic subclavian revascularizations. One hundred ninety such procedures were identified, and hospital charts and office medical records were reviewed for procedure, preoperative symptoms, blood pressure differentials, and postoperative complications. Patency was determined by physical examination, differential blood pressures, Doppler spectral analysis, duplex examinations, and arteriography. RESULTS: Bypass procedures were used infrequently, and although the results are reported, they are excluded from any analysis. Subclavian carotid transposition was used in 178 procedures. All anastomoses were found to be patient at follow-up, except for one, which failed at 26 months. Mean follow-up was 46 months, with five patients lost to follow-up. Overall mortality rate was 2.2%, with the mortality falling to 1.1% if only subclavian carotid transposition patients are included. CONCLUSIONS: Subclavian carotid transposition should be the treatment of choice for routine subclavian carotid occlusive disease because of its exceptional long-term patency and low morbidity. 相似文献
57.
58.
Pia Hovbrandt Agneta Ståhl Susanne Iwarsson Vibeke Horstmann Gunilla Carlsson 《European journal of ageing》2007,4(4):201-211
Due to decreased functional capacity as well as high environmental demands there is a risk of diminishing activity outside
home in very old age (age 80+). In order to explore differences according to functional limitations (FL) among very old people
with respect to frequency of activity, perceived health, overall perception of neighbourhood environment, and perceived problems
in the pedestrian environment, data derived from a postal questionnaire survey to very old people living in an urban area
in Sweden were used. This explorative study is based on the sub-sample of people aged 80+ who reported outdoor activities
(n = 97). Four groups of respondents with different types of FL were identified: with no FL (n = 23), with only movement-related FL (n = 26), with only perception/cognition-related FL (n = 16), and with both movement- and perception/ cognition-related FL (n = 32). The majority of the respondents reported rather high frequency of activity outside home. When examining differences
between the four groups, the analysis indicated how the complexity of FL and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment
impacted on their activity performance. Persons with both movement- and perception/cognition-related FL were less satisfied
with their frequency of activity, experienced their health more negatively and experienced more problems in the pedestrian
environment than in the other groups. The findings from this study indicate the importance of considering combinations of
FL in creating supportive environments for activity and health. 相似文献
59.
J M Lust D L Carlson R Kowles L Rollins-Smith J W Williams rd R G McKinnell 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1991,88(15):6883-6887
The developmental potential of nuclei can be studied by nuclear transplantation. Although amphibian blastula nuclei and other early embryonic nuclei are totipotent, to our knowledge no nucleus from an adult cell has ever been shown to be totipotent by this procedure. Transfer of Lucké renal carcinoma nuclei into enucleated eggs results in prefeeding swimming tadpoles. Inasmuch as these tadpoles die, rescue of this pluripotential tissue was attempted by grafting fragments of triploid tumor nuclear transplant tadpoles to the tails of normal diploid Rana pipiens hosts. Grafts of tumor nuclear transplant tadpole tissue were histologically indistinguishable from grafts of normally fertilized embryos and developed normal-appearing structures such as complete eyes, well-differentiated neural tissues, kidney tubules, and gut epithelium. Moreover, histological differentiation in tumor nuclear transplant grafts was comparable to that observed in 50-day-old normal larvae. Grafting enhanced the survival of tumor nuclear transplant tissue from no more than 14 days as part of the donor tadpole to 40 days at which time the grafts were harvested as healthy tissue. Thus, both differentiation and survival of tumor nuclear transplant tissue were augmented with the grafting procedure. Cytophotometric analysis of ploidy was used to confirm the tumor origin of the donor tissue. 相似文献
60.
Kann Holmén RN Doctoral Student Kjerstin Ericsson RN PhD Researcher Lars Andersson DMSc Associate Professor Bengt Winblad MD Professor 《Journal of advanced nursing》1992,17(1):43-51
The purpose was to investigate experienced loneliness among the elderly. The material included 1725 people, aged 75 and over. The study describes relationships between loneliness, social network, cognitive function and health. Thirty-five per cent experienced loneliness, and a higher percentage was found among women. A gradual increase in loneliness was found up to the age of 90, after which a levelling was found. Elderly persons living together with a partner experienced less loneliness. There were no significant differences between those with and without children. Ten per cent reported not having any friends and, of these, one out of two experienced loneliness. A high frequency of experienced loneliness was found among elderly people with reduced cognitive function. Subjectively experienced bad health and loneliness were strongly related to each other, i.e. a person who experienced loneliness did usually not feel completely healthy. 相似文献