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991.
992.
Jorrit J Hofstra Alexander D Cornet Bart F de Rooy Alexander P Vlaar Tom van der Poll Marcel Levi Sebastian AJ Zaat Marcus J Schultz 《Critical care (London, England)》2009,13(5):R145-10
Introduction
Disturbed alveolar fibrin turnover is a cardinal feature of severe pneumonia. Clinical studies suggest that natural inhibitors of coagulation exert lung-protective effects via anticoagulant and possibly also anti-inflammatory pathways. Intravenous infusion of the natural anticoagulants increases the risk of bleeding. Local administration may allow for higher treatment dosages and increased local efficacy while at the same time reducing the risk of bleeding. We evaluated the effect of nebulized anticoagulants on pulmonary coagulopathy and inflammation in a rat model of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. 相似文献993.
Extent of differential allelic expression of candidate breast cancer genes is similar in blood and breast 下载免费PDF全文
Ana-Teresa Maia Inmaculada Spiteri Alvin JX Lee Martin O'Reilly Linda Jones Carlos Caldas Bruce AJ Ponder 《Breast cancer research : BCR》2009,11(6):1-10
Introduction
Randomized trials indicate that adjuvant radiotherapy plus tamoxifen decrease the five-year risk of recurrence among ductal carcinoma in situ patients treated with breast-conserving surgery from about 20% to 8%. The aims of this study were to examine the use and impact of these therapies on risk of recurrence among ductal carcinoma in situ patients diagnosed and treated in the community setting.Methods
We identified 2,995 patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ between 1990 and 2001 and treated with breast-conserving surgery at three large health plans. Medical charts were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and treatment and to obtain information on subsequent breast cancers. On a subset of patients, slides from the index ductal carcinoma in situ were reviewed for histopathologic features. Cumulative incidence curves were generated and Cox regression was used to examine changes in five-year risk of recurrence across diagnosis years, with and without adjusting for trends in use of adjuvant therapies.Results
Use of radiotherapy increased from 25.8% in 1990-1991 to 61.3% in 2000-2001; tamoxifen increased from 2.3% to 34.4%. A total of 245 patients had a local recurrence within five years of their index ductal carcinoma in situ. The five-year risk of any local recurrence decreased from 14.3% (95% confidence interval 9.8 to 18.7) for patients diagnosed in 1990-1991 to 7.7% (95% confidence interval 5.5 to 9.9) for patients diagnosed in 1998-1999; invasive recurrence decreased from 7.0% (95% confidence interval 3.8 to 10.3) to 3.1% (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 4.6). In Cox models, the association between diagnosis year and risk of recurrence was modestly attenuated after accounting for use of adjuvant therapy. Between 1990-1991 and 2000-2001, the proportion of patients with tumors with high nuclear grade decreased from 46% to 32% (P = 0.03) and those with involved surgical margins dropped from 15% to 0% (P = 0.03).Conclusions
The marked increase in the 1990s in the use of adjuvant therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ patients treated with breast-conserving surgery in the community setting only partially explains the 50% decline in risk of recurrence. Changes in pathology factors have likely also contributed to this decline. 相似文献994.
995.
996.
997.
JA Patterson MRCS EG Tadros FRCS AJ Wilkinson FRCS 《International journal of clinical practice》2001,55(9):649-649
Paraduodenal hernias are the commonest form of intra-abdominal hernia. We report on a rare paraduodenal hernia involving the duodenojejunal recess. 相似文献
998.
van der Vliet HJ Nishi N Koezuka Y von Blomberg BM van den Eertwegh AJ Porcelli SA Pinedo HM Scheper RJ Giaccone G 《Journal of immunological methods》2001,247(1-2):61-72
Natural killer T (NKT) cells have an extremely restricted T-cell receptor repertoire, in man consisting of a Valpha24 chain preferentially paired with a Vbeta11 chain, and play crucial roles in various immune responses. Characterization of circulating Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+)-T cells is hampered by their low frequencies. The alpha-galactosylceramide KRN7000 was reported to be presented by CD1d to NKT cells. Since dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen presenting cells, and have been shown to express CD1d, we analyzed whether these cells could efficiently mediate expansion of Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+)-T cells. During a 7-day co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and KRN7000-loaded mature monocyte derived DC (moDC) in the presence of interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-15, we observed up to 76-fold expansion of Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+)-T cells. The expanded Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+)-T cells expressed the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B, showed negligible expression of Fas ligand and could be induced to express high levels of interferon-gamma, while retaining the capacity to produce IL-4. B cells, expressing CD1d, could also present KRN7000, but Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+)-T cell expansion was only observed in the presence of IL-7 and/or IL-15. Considering the low frequency of circulating Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+)-T cells, the present method for expansion of Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+)-T cells using KRN7000-loaded mature moDC will be of value for the further characterization of this unique T cell subset. 相似文献
999.
Pretreatment with follicle stimulating hormone promotes the numbers of human oocytes reaching metaphase II by in-vitro maturation 总被引:4,自引:6,他引:4
Wynn P; Picton HM; Krapez JA; Rutherford AJ; Balen AH; Gosden RG 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(11):3132-3138
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) priming on the in-vitro maturation (IVM) of human
oocytes from healthy ovaries using a chemically defined culture system.
Seventeen patients donating oocytes for research received a truncated
course of 600 IU FSH over 5 days and a further control group of nine
patients received no FSH treatment. Mid-follicular phase cumulus-enclosed
oocytes (n = 160) were aspirated from follicles < or =4 mm diameter
under transvaginal ultrasound guidance and were cultured for 48 h in
microdrops of medium containing 10 mIU/ml FSH and 100 mIU/ ml human
chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The results demonstrated that human oocytes
will efficiently undergo IVM under serum-free conditions. After mild FSH
stimulation, a greater number of cumulus-enclosed oocytes was collected,
and following culture, a lower rate of degeneration was observed.
Significantly more oocytes completed nuclear maturation to metaphase II
following FSH stimulation (71.1 versus 43.5%). In conclusion, a truncated
course of FSH stimulation in vivo improved the oocyte maturation rate in
vitro, giving a mean of 4.8+/- 0.7 metaphase II oocytes per patient
compared with only 2.1+/-0.7 from control patients, thus yielding more
mature oocytes for future IVF treatment.
相似文献
1000.
Laparoscopic fimbrioplasty: an evaluation of 35 cases 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the value of laparoscopic
treatment of severe fimbrial occlusions. During a period of 52 months
infertile patients with fimbrial lesions were treated by operative
laparoscopy. Only those patients requiring incision of the tubal serosa
(salpingostomy) were included, representing the most severe lesions. The
most frequent cases, those patients requiring simple adhesiolysis and
deagglutination of the fringes, were excluded. All tubal lesions were
documented carefully. Positive Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) serology was
found in 65.7% of the patients. All the patients were followed up for at
least 2 years. Three patients lost to follow-up were defined as failures.
The global conception rate was 74.3%. The intrauterine pregnancy rate was
51.4%, and the 'take home baby rate' was 37.1% (only the first pregnancy
being taken into account). The ectopic pregnancy rate was 22.9%. A positive
CT serology was found to have a significant influence on the outcome. It
can be concluded that the laparoscopic approach provides results similar to
those obtained by microsurgery for the treatment of severe fimbrial
occlusions, and represents an acceptable alternative to in-vitro
fertilization (IVF) in selected cases.
相似文献