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41.
Cheryl Wallerstedt RNC MS Patricia Higgins RN PhD 《Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG》1996,25(5):389-400
Society often expects mothers and fathers to share equally in the perinatal grief process because the child was a common bond between them. Unfortunately, in perinatal grief, this is not always the case. The mother and the father can experience incongruent grieving and use discordant coping mechanisms. It is important to evaluate these differences to facilitate communication between the distraught parents. Improved communication can in turn facilitate the grieving process. 相似文献
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Aaron H. Burstein Pharm.D. William G. Reiss Pharm.D. Eric Kantor B.A. Gail D. Anderson Ph.D. 《Pharmacotherapy》1998,18(6):1271-1276
Study Objective . To characterize cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women by evaluating the urinary 6-β-hydroxycortisokcortisol ratio. Design . Prospective study. Subjects . Thirteen premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal women who were healthy and not receiving drugs known to affect CYP3A4 activity. Interventions . Beginning on day 2 of menses, premenopausal women collected first morning urine samples every other day for a complete menstrual cycle. Postmenopausal women collected first morning urine every other day for 28 days. Measurements and Main Results . Mean weekly 6-β-hydroxycortisol:cortisol ratios did not differ during the phase (week) of the menstrual cycle. Daily ratios did not differ in postmenopausal women. No difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women was found on comparing overall median ratios. Conclusion . Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity as measured by 6-β-hydroxy cortisol:cortisol ratio did not differ by week of menstrual cycle, suggesting no menstrual cycle-related changes. Menopause does not appear to be associated with differences in CYP3A4 activity, compared with premenopause. 相似文献
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Transcutaneous oxygen (TcPO(2)) measurements provide a noninvasive, objective determination of the oxygen level at the skin surface. This offers a means of estimating the underlying circulation and tissue oxygenation. The purpose of the pilot study was to measure the TcPO(2) value of the lower extremity of healthy men and women and of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in 4 different body and leg positions 24 hours after peripheral vascular surgery reconstruction. The specific aim was to determine if lower-extremity TcPO(2) measurements were affected by changes in extremity position in these subject populations. A convenience sample of 4 healthy health care professionals and 4 patients who had peripheral vascular reconstruction surgery 24 hours before the measurements were studied. Subjects were studied in 4 different leg and body positions: supine with legs extended, sitting with legs dependent, a 5 degrees head-up reverse Trendelenburg, and supine with legs elevated 10 in. The Radiometer TCM30 TcPO(2) monitor was used to carry out these measures. Findings revealed a statistically significant difference in TcPO(2) measurements between the 2 groups, with the healthy subjects having a significantly higher TcPO(2) measurement in all extremity positions compared with the revascularized subjects with PAD (P =.02-.05). Significant changes were noted in both the foot temperature (P =.03) and TcPO(2) measurements with extremity positions within the healthy subject group (P =.001). The foot and leg TcPO(2) measurements affect from leg and body position did not reach significance (P =.09) in the subjects with PAD. No change in foot temperature with extremity positioning (P =.42) was noted in the subjects with PAD. This pilot study provides a base in which additional research will be performed with TcPO(2) measurements in both the healthy and revascularized person. 相似文献
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S J Harwood R G Carroll M Anderson B I Friedman L M Zangara A K Brunette R Kline 《Clinical nuclear medicine》1987,12(9):694-702
Thirty gallium scans, using currently acceptable dosage levels (5-6 mCi) and a conventional rotating gamma camera, were performed on 20 patients with lymphoma or infection. Compared to planar scans, SPECT increased sensitivity and lesion detection from 48% to 89% in lymphoma, and from 50% to 80% in infection. The predictive value of a negative site was 81% in lymphoma and 67% in infection. Gallium utility is markedly increased by SPECT imaging. A normal gallium SPECT scan is highly accurate in ruling out disease. 相似文献
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Many important pharmaceutical agents, including vancomycin, bleomycin, cyclosporin, and several antibiotics, are produced by non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes in microorganisms. The NRPS pathway produces an extensive library of products using multienzyme complexes acting in an assembly‐line fashion. Engineering an NRPS system to produce an even greater variety of products, some of which may also have beneficial therapeutic value, would be an enormous advantage. Several approaches have been successful in generating novel NRPS products: mutational biosynthesis during which nonnatural substrates are fed to an organism; domain and module swapping between different species to generate hybrid enzymes; and rational site‐directed mutagenesis, based either on phylogeny or computational prediction, intended to switch substrate specificity and produce altered products. This review will highlight the progress in these areas and describe research in the future that will extend the capacity for re‐engineering NRPS systems. Drug Dev. Res. 66:9–18, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献