耐力训练过程中大鼠体内糖储备及胰岛激素变化与黄芪、生脉穴位注射的干预效应

目的:穴位注射疗法在临床应用较多,但在运动医学领域研究不多。观察穴位注射黄芪、生脉对耐力训练大鼠糖储备和运动能力的影响。方法:实验于2004-07在陕西师范大学完成。①实验分组:健康雄性SD大鼠32只,体质量180～220g,随机抽签法分为安静对照组、训练对照组、生理盐水组、药物注射组,每组8只。②实验方法:建立穴位注射黄芪、生脉大鼠的耐力跑台训练实验模型,安静对照组安静笼饲养。训练对照组、生理盐水组、药物注射组先于动物跑台上进行5周适应性训练,之后跑速每周递增,5d/周,共5周;然后进行2周的大强度耐力训练,30min/d,7d/周,共2周。训练对照组、生理盐水组、药物注射组第8周第1天以速度为35m/min运动至力竭。③实验评估:7周后取材测定肝糖原、肌糖原、血清胰岛素、胰高血糖素的变化。实验中对动物处置符合动物伦理学标准。结果:纳入大鼠32只,均进入结果分析。①通过大强度耐力训练,药物注射组与其他3组相比,肝糖原含量均升高(P<0.05);训练对照组肌糖原比安静对照组降低(P<0.05),生理盐水组与训练对照组相比则显著性升高(P<0.01)。②训练对照组胰岛素比安静对照组明显降低(P<0.01);生理盐水组及药物注射组都能抑制这种降低的趋势(P<0.01);药物注射组胰高血糖素较安静对照组、训练对照组要高,且有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:穴位注射黄芪、生脉使大强度耐力训练大鼠体内糖储备显著增加,同时可以提高胰岛激素水平,从而提高了大鼠的运动能力。     

永久起搏器在预防心房颤动中的作用

本文总结了用于预防和终止心房颤动的起搏器的类型。窦房结功能异常的病人,心室起搏与较高的心房颤动的发生率相关。有鉴于此,有心房颤动病史、因心动过缓而需要安装起搏器的病人,应该安装双腔或心房起搏生理性起搏器,而不应安装单腔的心室起搏器。     

Endothelin-1 levels predict endothelial progenitor cell mobilization after acute myocardial infarction

IntroductionEndothelin-1 (ET-1), circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are well-known modulators of endothelial function with important cardiac effects after an acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship between them has never been assessed.The objective of the present study was to establish the relationship between ET-1, CEC, and EPC concentrations after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsEndothelin-1, CEC, and EPC levels were measured in 61 patients presenting with a first STEMI. Samples were withdrawn acutely 6–24 h and 1 week after admission. Assessments included reperfusion outcomes (angiography), left ventricular ejection fraction (echocardiography), and 30-day mortality.ResultsMean age was 60.6 ± 12.6 years and 45 (74%) were males. Higher ET-1 plasma levels were associated with lower EPC count after 1 week (7.45 ± 2.53 pg/ml if EPCs in the first quartile vs 5.72 ± 1.49 pg/ml if EPCs in the fourth quartile; P = 0.04).In contrast with CEC and EPC count, higher ET-1 concentrations on admission were associated with Killip ≥ 2 (9.92 ± 2.01 pg/ml vs 7.32 ± 2.13 pg/ml; P < 0.001), post-reperfusion thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) < 3 (8.65 ± 2.86 pg/ml vs 5.87 ± 1.93 pg/ml; P = 0.002), myocardial blush grade (MBG) < 3 (7.46 ± 2.48 pg/ml vs 5.99 ± 2.01 pg/ml; P = 0.004) and higher 30-day mortality (10.29 ± 2.02 pg/ml vs 6.57 ± 2.20 pg/ml; P = 0.005).ConclusionsIn STEMI patients, high ET-1 levels on admission predict a lower EPC mobilization after 1 week. Endothelin-1 provides better clinical, angiographic and echocardiographic information for prognosis than do CEC and EPC concentrations.     

Comparison of 200 mg retarded release levodopa/carbidopa – with 150 mg levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone application: pharmacokinetics and efficacy in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Summary. The interval of line tracing performance is more associated to basal ganglia function due to the dependence on bradykinesia and rigidity. The other component of this task, the precision of execution of complex movement sequences, is more related to attention. We compared the motor response after once dosing of 200 mg retarded release LD (levodopa)/CD (carbidopa) and of 150 mg LD/CD/EN (entacapone) by rating of motor symptoms, by measurement of LD- and 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) plasma concentrations and by the outcomes of a line tracing task. Thirteen treated patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) took one of the two tested LD formulations on two consecutive days under randomised, double blind, identical standardised conditions. No significant differences appeared regarding rated motor response and LD plasma concentrations, but 3-OMD only significantly went up after LD/CD intake. LD/CD/EN was superior to LD/CD regarding the attention related components of line tracing probably due to a hypothetically increased dopamine occurrence at the prefrontal cortex, which guides human behaviour.     

Role of Endothelium/Nitric Oxide and Cyclic AMP in Isoproterenol Potentiation of 17ß-Estradiol-Mediated Vasorelaxation

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is known to have an extremely potent and prolonged vasodilator effect on the coronary arteries. Studies have shown that CGRP increased coronary blood flow and alleviated reperfusion injury in vitro. It is still unknown, however, whether exogenous CGRP has a protective effect on the reperfusion heart associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: An in vivo porcine model of CPB was established. Twenty pigs, 10 controls and 10 CGRP used animals (CGRP group), were performed a median sternotomy followed by a standard CPB. All the hearts were arrested for 45 minutes. In the CGRP group, 1mg/kg CGRP was added into the cardioplegia, and another 1mg/kg was reperfused just before the aortic cross-clamp was removed. In both groups, myocardial microvascular perfusion, coronary arterial microvessel diameter and microvessel blood flow were detected by a laser doppler flowmeter and a contact microscope with TV monitor on five consecutive time perioperatively. Result: Myocardial microvascular perfusion was significantly higher and coronary arterial microvessel diameter was larger in the CGRP group on every point of time of reperfusion compared to those in the control group. In the CGRP group, microvessel blood flow also improved significantly than that in the control group during reperfusion. Conclusion: CGRP improves myocardial microcirculation during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion associated with CPB and could become a new, potent myocardial protector.