全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3940篇 |
免费 | 207篇 |
国内免费 | 47篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 47篇 |
儿科学 | 98篇 |
妇产科学 | 123篇 |
基础医学 | 386篇 |
口腔科学 | 121篇 |
临床医学 | 311篇 |
内科学 | 975篇 |
皮肤病学 | 62篇 |
神经病学 | 118篇 |
特种医学 | 148篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 856篇 |
综合类 | 97篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 209篇 |
眼科学 | 70篇 |
药学 | 245篇 |
中国医学 | 25篇 |
肿瘤学 | 299篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 47篇 |
2022年 | 131篇 |
2021年 | 216篇 |
2020年 | 119篇 |
2019年 | 159篇 |
2018年 | 197篇 |
2017年 | 121篇 |
2016年 | 126篇 |
2015年 | 119篇 |
2014年 | 185篇 |
2013年 | 204篇 |
2012年 | 337篇 |
2011年 | 351篇 |
2010年 | 184篇 |
2009年 | 153篇 |
2008年 | 203篇 |
2007年 | 168篇 |
2006年 | 174篇 |
2005年 | 194篇 |
2004年 | 169篇 |
2003年 | 136篇 |
2002年 | 117篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4194条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
142.
143.
Cheryl T. Lee Sam S. Chang Ashish M. Kamat Gilad Amiel Timothy L. Beard Amr Fergany R. Jeffrey Karnes Andrea Kurz Venu Menon Wade J. Sexton Joel W. Slaton Robert S. Svatek Shandra S. Wilson Lee Techner Richard Bihrle Gary D. Steinberg Michael Koch 《European urology》2014
Background
Radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer is frequently associated with delayed gastrointestinal (GI) recovery that prolongs hospital length of stay (LOS).Objective
To assess the efficacy of alvimopan to accelerate GI recovery after RC.Design, setting, and participants
We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients undergoing RC and receiving postoperative intravenous patient-controlled opioid analgesics.Intervention
Oral alvimopan 12 mg (maximum: 15 inpatient doses) versus placebo.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
The two-component primary end point was time to upper (first tolerance of solid food) and lower (first bowel movement) GI recovery (GI-2). Time to discharge order written, postoperative LOS, postoperative ileus (POI)-related morbidity, opioid consumption, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. An independent adjudication of cardiovascular AEs was performed.Results and limitations
Patients were randomized to alvimopan (n = 143) or placebo (n = 137); 277 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The alvimopan cohort experienced quicker GI-2 recovery (5.5 vs 6.8 d; hazard ratio: 1.8; p < 0.0001), shorter mean LOS (7.4 vs 10.1 d; p = 0.0051), and fewer episodes of POI-related morbidity (8.4% vs 29.1%; p < 0.001). The incidence of opioid consumption and AEs or serious AEs (SAEs) was comparable except for POI, which was lower in the alvimopan group (AEs: 7% vs 26%; SAEs: 5% vs 20%, respectively). Cardiovascular AEs occurred in 8.4% (alvimopan) and 15.3% (placebo) of patients (p = 0.09). Generalizability may be limited due to the exclusion of epidural analgesia and the inclusion of mostly high-volume centers utilizing open laparotomy.Conclusions
Alvimopan is a useful addition to a standardized care pathway in patients undergoing RC by accelerating GI recovery and shortening LOS, with a safety profile similar to placebo.Patient summary
This study examined the effects of alvimopan on bowel recovery in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Patients receiving alvimopan experienced quicker bowel recovery and had a shorter hospital stay compared with those who received placebo, with comparable safety.Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00708201 相似文献144.
David Goerlitz Sania Amr Chiranjeev Dash Doa'a A. Saleh Mai El Daly Mohamed Abdel-Hamid Sherif El Kafrawy Tamer Hifnawy Sameera Ezzat Mohamed A. Abdel-Aziz Hussein Khaled Yun-Ling Zheng Nabiel Mikhail Christopher A. Loffredo 《Urologic oncology》2014,32(1):47.e15-47.e20
BackgroundBladder cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in men among Egyptians, for whom tobacco smoke exposure and Schistosoma haematobium (SH) infection are the major risk factors. We hypothesized that functional polymorphisms in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), modulators of the effects of reactive oxidative species, can influence an individual's susceptibility to these carcinogenic exposures and hence the risk of bladder cancer.MethodsWe assessed the effects of potential interactions between functional polymorphisms in the NQO1 and SOD2 genes and exposure to smoking and SH infection on bladder cancer risk among 902 cases and 804 population-based controls in Egypt. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) 95%.ResultsWater pipe and cigarette smoking were more strongly associated with cancer risk among individuals with the TT genotype for SOD2 (OR [CI 95%] = 4.41 [1.86–10.42]) as compared with those with the CC genotype (OR [CI 95%] = 2.26 [0.97–6.74]). Conversely, the risk associated with SH infection was higher among the latter (OR [CI 95%] = 3.59 [2.21–5.84]) than among the former (OR [CI 95%] = 1.86 [1.33–2.60]). Polymorphisms in NQO1 genotype showed a similar pattern, but to a much lesser extent. The highest odds for having bladder cancer following SH infection were observed among individuals with the CC genotypes for both NQO1 and SOD2 (OR [CI 95%] = 4.41 [2.32–8.38]).ConclusionOur findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in NQO1 and SOD2 play important roles in the etiology of bladder cancer by modulating the effects of known contributing factors such as smoking and SH infection. 相似文献
145.
146.
Shimaa M. Elshazly Amr A. A. Mahmoud 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》2014,387(6):559-567
Hepatic fibrosis is a significant health problem that may progress to cirrhosis and cancer. It may be caused by viruses or chemicals such as dimethylnitrosamine, which is used as a preservative in processed meats and industrial products. The present study was designed to investigate the antifibrotic effect of hesperidin (100 or 200 mg/kg, a flavanone glycoside with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities) against liver fibrosis in rats compared to silymarin (100 mg/kg). Liver fibrosis was induced in rats using dimethylnitrosamine (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) three times per week on alternating days for 4 weeks. After 28 days, tissue and blood samples were collected to assess the protective effect of hesperidin. Dimethylnitrosamine caused liver fibrosis as evidenced by the elevation in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin, as well as hepatic malondialdehyde content, gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, α-smooth muscle actin and caspase-3. In addition, dimethylnitrosamine caused a reduction in serum total protein, albumin and hepatic glutathione content. Treatment with hesperidin (100 or 200 mg/kg) successfully ameliorated the deleterious effects of dimethylnitrosamine on all tested parameters. Our study indicates a novel protective effect of hesperidin against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis. Interestingly, the protection evoked by hesperidin (200 mg/kg) was superior to that of the standard silymarin. 相似文献
147.
Esmael Ahmed Abdelsalam Mohamed Shoukri Amr Elsherif Mohammed 《Sleep & breathing》2021,25(4):2119-2126
Sleep and Breathing - Migraines are associated with multiple comorbidities like depression, anxiety, poor sleep quality, and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). This study aimed to evaluate the... 相似文献
148.
Jai Kumar Roha Saeed Memon Izza Shahid Tehlil Rizwan Maryam Zaman Ritesh G. Menezes Sarwan Kumar Tariq Jamal Siddiqi Muhammad Shariq Usman 《Digestive and liver disease》2021,53(1):44-51
BackgroundThe efficacy of antidiabetic agents for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear.AimTo conduct a meta-analysis to study the efficacy of pioglitazone and three novel anti-diabetic agents: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors in treating NAFLD.MethodsOnline databases were searched in May 2020 for randomized clinical trials. Results from random-effects meta-analysis are presented as weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standard mean differences (SMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsTwenty-six studies (n=946 NAFLD patients) were included. Reductions in ALT were seen with all four drugs: pioglitazone (MD -38.41, p<0.001), SGLT2 inhibitors (MD -16.17, p<0.001), GLP-1 agonists (MD -27.98, p=0.04) and DPP-4 inhibitors (MD -7.41, p<0.001). Pioglitazone (SMD -1.01; p<0.001) and GLP-1 agonists (SMD -2.53, p=0.03) also demonstrated significant improvements in liver steatosis. SGLT2 inhibitors (SMD -4.64, p=0.06) and DPP-4 (SMD -2.49, p=0.06) inhibitors trended towards reduced steatosis; however, these results were non-significant.ConclusionPioglitazone demonstrates significant improvements in transaminases and liver histology in both diabetic and non-diabetic NAFLD patients. Early evidence from diabetic NAFLD patients suggests that novel antidiabetics may lead to improvements in liver enzymes and hepatic steatosis, and this should encourage further research into possible utility of these drugs in treating NAFLD. 相似文献
149.
150.
Sadikot SM Nigam A Das S Bajaj S Zargar AH Prasannakumar KM Sosale A Munichoodappa C Seshiah V Singh SK Jamal A Sai K Sadasivrao Y Murthy SS Hazra DK Jain S Mukherjee S Bandyopadhay S Sinha NK Mishra R Dora M Jena B Patra P Goenka K;DiabetesIndia 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2004,66(3):293-300
This random multistage cross sectional population survey was undertaken to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glycemia/glucose (IFG) in subjects aged 25 years and above in India. The study was carried out in 108 centers (49 urban and 59 rural) to reflect the size and heterogeneity of the Indian population. 41,270 (20,534 males and 20,736 females) subjects were studied. 21,516 (10,865 males and 10,651 females) were from urban areas and 19,754 (9669 males and 10,085 females) from rural areas. Blood samples were taken after a fast of 10-12h and the subjects were categorized as having IFG or DM using the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria. The age and gender standardized prevalence rate for DM and IFG in the total Indian population was 3.3 and 3.6% respectively (P < 0.001). The standardized prevalence of DM and IFG in urban areas was significantly higher than that for the rural population (urban DM prevalence 4.6% versus rural DM prevalence 1.9%, P < 0.001; urban IFG prevalence 4.8% versus rural IFG prevalence 2.5%, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence between DM (4.6%) and IFG (4.8%) in the urban population. The rural prevalence of IFG (2.5%) was significantly (P <0.001) more than the rural prevalence of DM (1.9%). Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem is India. 相似文献