Mitigation of acetamiprid – induced renotoxicity by natural antioxidants via the regulation of ICAM,NF-kB and TLR 4 pathways

BackgroundAcetamiprid (ACMP) is a member of the neonicotinoid group of insecticides. It is extensively used worldwide. The misuse of ACMP creates danger hazards to human and animal.MethodsACMP induced renal damage evidenced by an increase in kidney injury biomarkers. So the goal of this work is to clarify the reno protective effect of Quercetin (Qrctn) and/or Nano-glutathione (N-Gluta) solely or in combination to counterbalance the danger effect of ACMP. All treatments with the previous agents were coadministered orally with ACMP for one month.ResultsACMP ingestion caused a significant rise in serum creatinin, urea, and uric acid, TNF α along with renal cystatin C, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide with the concomitant decline in the levels of reduced glutathione and IL-10 levels. Protein expression of ICAM was upregulated as well as mRNA expression of NF-κB while mRNA expression of Nrf2 was down-regulated. Immune histochemistry of TLR 4 revealed strong immune reaction. The administration of Qrctn or N-Gluta either individually or together modulated all the preceding aforementioned parameters.ConclusionFascinatingly Qrctn and N-Gluta combination was the most powerful regimen to frustrate ACMP reno-toxicity and may be deliberate as a hopeful applicant for renal therapy.     

Hypocretin/orexin modulates body weight and the metabolism of glucose and insulin

The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/orexin) unit affects the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Hcrt/orexin ligands and receptors have been localized to different parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cerebrospinal fluid and blood, exocrine (pancreas, salivary, lacrimal) as well as endocrine (pancreatic islets, pituitary, adrenal) glands. Several factors including stress, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists, glutamate, nicotine, glucose, and hypoglycaemia stimulate the expression of Hcrt/orexin system, but it is inhibited by ageing, bone morphogenetic protein, hypoxia/hypercapnia, melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2, and glucagon. Literature reports show that Hcrt/orexin can significantly increase insulin secretion from normal and diabetic rat pancreata. Hcrt/orexin decreases blood glucose concentration and reduces insulin resistance partly via increased tissue expression of glucose transporter type 4. It reduces obesity by increasing browning of fat cells and energy expenditure. Taken together, Hcrt/orexin modulates obesity and the metabolism of glucose and insulin. The Hcrt/orexin system may thus be a target in the development of new therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.     

New inflammatory markers in pre-eclampsia: echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio

Background: Increased epicardial fat thickness (EFT) has been proposed as a new cardiometabolic risk factor. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has predictive and prognostic value in several cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the association between EFT and NLR in patients with pre-eclampsia.

Methods: Hundred and eight pregnant patients with a mean age of 30.6?±?6.3 years were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of pre-eclampsia. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography imaging, and complete blood counts were measured by an automated hematology analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, correlation and logistic regression tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Result: The mean EFT value of the pre-eclampsia group was significantly higher than the control group (6.9?±?0.6 versus 5.6?±?0.6; p?p?Conclusion: Unlike many other inflammatory markers and bioassays, NLR and echocardiographic EFT are inexpensive and readily available biomarkers that may be useful for risk stratification in patients with pre-eclampsia.     

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic kidney disease: a new cardiorenal risk factor

Clinical and experimental studies revealed that sleep apnea might be an insidious risk factor for the progression of kidney disease and development of cardiovascular events by exacerbating well-known risk factors, namely hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Furthermore, sleep apnea also has a negative impact on endothelial function. Therefore, sleep apnea might be defined as a new cardiorenal risk factor. In this review, we aimed to summarize the evidences supporting the complex inter-relations between sleep apnea and development and progression of chronic kidney disease.     

Abnormal cardiac and metabolic measures correlate significantly with lower performance and activity in overweight chronic liver disease

People with Hepatitis C (HCV) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States follow national trends toward a sedentary lifestyle and are increasingly at risk for hypertension. The intent of this study was to identify potential correlates of exercise tolerance in people with two types of chronic liver disease (CLD)‐NAFLD and HCV. Measures included cardiac output, oxygen consumption and stroke volume, blood pressure, distance walked in 6 minutes, clinical laboratory tests, and medications influencing the autonomic nervous system, patient self‐reports of activity, fatigue, and health‐related quality of life (HRQL). A total of 67 patients completed the 6‐minute walk test [45.1% Female, Age 51.7 ± 8.0 years, Body Mass Index 32.8 ± 5.9, 60% HCV]. At baseline, 70% had either diastolic (DBP) or systolic blood pressure outside normal range. Performance and cardiorespiratory measures correlated strongly with one another, but not with activity. Patients with abnormal DBP reported significantly lower maximum activity (MAS; r = −.254, P = .041, CI = −0.51 to −0.010; MAS 70.6 vs 82.5), significantly higher DBP post‐6‐minute walk test (r = .524, P = .0001, CI = 0.287‐0.762) and significantly lower overall HRQL items related to physical domains (r = .273, P = .029, CI = −0.518 to −0.029). Mental‐domain HRQL and depression measures did not correlate significantly with blood pressure. This study reports a significant correlation between both pre‐hypertensive and hypertensive DBP, poor physical‐domain self‐reports, HRQL, and performance in CLD patients.