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61.
Wierzbowski AK Hoban DJ Hisanaga T Decorby M Zhanel GG 《Current infectious disease reports》2005,7(3):175-184
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. Resistance to β-lactam drugs among
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. As safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired
upper respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, H. influenzae (azithromycin and clarithromycin), and Moraxella catarrhalis, has led to the widespread use of macrolides for empiric treatment
of upper RTIs and as alternatives for patients allergic to β-lactams. Macrolide resistance is increasing among pneumococci
and recently among S. pyogenes, and is associated with increasing use of the newer macrolides, such as azithromycin. Ribosomal target modification mediated
by erm(A) [erm(TR)] and erm(B) genes and active efflux due to mef(A) and mef(E) are the principal mechanisms of resistance in S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Recently, ribosomal protein and RNA mutations have been found responsible for acquired resistance to macrolides in S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and H. influenzae. Although macrolides are only weakly active against macrolide-resistant streptococci species producing an efflux pump (mef) and are inactive against pathogens with ribosomal target modification (erm), treatment failures are uncommon. Therefore, macrolide therapy, for now, remains a good alternative for treatment of upper
RTIs; however, continuous monitoring of the local resistance patterns is essential. 相似文献
62.
17 serum samples from cats after surgery operations in one of veterinary clinic in Olsztyn have been examined. The study on anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin IgG presence was carried out by direct agglutination method using the Toxo-Screen DA test. 70.6% positive samples in 1:40 titration, 58.8% in 1:4000 titration and 5.9% questionable result in both dilutions were obtained. 相似文献
63.
Characterizing Longitudinal Changes in Physical Activity and Fear of Falling after Falls in Glaucoma
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65.
Introduction: Lenvatinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR1,2,3,4, FGFR1,2,3,4, PDGFR-α as well as RET and KIT signaling network. Its activity against radioiodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been recently demonstrated. Patients, who were given lenvatinib, showed significantly longer median progression free survival than placebo group, 18.3 vs 3.6 months, respectively. This review is focused on lenvatinib safety profile in patients treated due to DTC and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Among the most frequent lenvatinib-related adverse events (AEs) were hypertension, proteinuria, diarrhea, appetite decrease, weight loss, nausea and stomatitis. Although a lot of them were manageable, in 35–68% of patients dose reduction was required. Nevertheless, only 15% of subjects withdrew the drug due to its toxicity.Areas covered: published results of clinical trials phase II and III investigating both safety and efficacy of lenvatinib in thyroid cancer.Expert opinion: Lenvatinib shows acceptable safety profile in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Treatment-related side effects are usually manageable by dose modifications or by concomitant non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment. However, the early recognition of any potential drug toxicity is crucial to avoid serious complications as well as to keep a patient on drug as long as the treatment is beneficial. 相似文献
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Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic Aleksandra Barac Ana Blanka-Protic Marija Laban-Lazovic Bojana Lukovic Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic Salvatore Rubino 《Infection》2018,46(3):357-363
Introduction
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms associated with various infections. The aim of the study was to determine the most relevant clinical characteristics of NTM during the 7-year period.Methodology
A retrospective study of NTM infections was conducted between January 2009 and December 2016. The American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America criteria were used to define cases of pulmonary or an extrapulmonary site.Results
A total of 85 patients were included in the study. Pulmonary cases predominated 83/85 (98%), while extrapulmonary NTM were present in 2/95 (2%) patients. Overall, ten different NTM species were isolated. The most common organisms were slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM) presented in 70/85 (82.35%) patients. Isolated SGM strains were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in 25/85 (29.41%) patients, M. xenopi in 20/85 (23.53%) patients, M. kansasii in 15/85 (17.65%) patients and M. peregrinum and M. gordonae in 5/85 (5.88%) patients each. Isolated rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM) strains were M. abscessus in 8/85 (9.41%) patients, M. fortuitum in 4/85 (4.71%) patients and M. chelonae in 3/85 (3.53%) patients. Almost all patients (98%; 83/85) had comorbidities. Among 75 (88.24%) patients who completed follow-up, 59 (69.41%), 10 (11.76%) and 6 (7%), were cured, experienced relapse and died, respectively.Conclusion
In the present study, pulmonary NTM infections were more frequent compared to extrapulmonary disease forms. SGM were most common isolates with MAC pulmonary disease the most frequently found. Comorbidities have an important role in NTM occurrence. Further investigation should focus on an NTM drug susceptibility testing.69.
Sokic-Milutinovic A Todorovic V Milosavljevic T Micev M Drndarevic N Mitrovic O 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2005,11(27):4140-4147
ABM: To assess long-term effects of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication on antral G cell morphology and function in patients with and without duodenal ulcer (DU). METHODS: Consecutive dyspeptic patients referred to the endoscopy entered the study. Out of 39 H pylori positive patients, 8 had DU (Hpylori+DU) and 31 gastritis (Hpylori +G). Control groups consisted of 11 uninfected dyspeptic patients (CG1) and 7 healthy volunteers (CG2). Basal plasma gastrin (PGL), antral tissue gastrin concentrations (ATGC), immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of G cells were determined, prior to and 6 mo after therapy. RESULTS: We demonstrated elevated PGL in infected patients compared to uninfected controls prior to therapy. Elevated PGL were registered in all H pylori+patients (H pylori +DU: 106.78±22.72 pg/mL, H pylori+G: 74.95±15.63, CG1: 68.59±17.97, CG2: 39.24±5.59 pg/mL, P<0.01). Successful eradication (e) therapy in H pylori+patients lead to significant decrease in PGL (H pylori+DU:59.93±9.40 and H pylori+Ge: 42.36±10.28 pg/mL, P<0.001). ATGC at the beginning of the study were similar in infected and uninfected patients and eradication therapy lead to significant decrease in ATGC in H pylori+gastritis, but not in DU patients. In the H pylori+DU patients, the mean number of antral G cells was significantly lower in comparison with all other groups (P<0.01), but after successful eradication was close to normal values found in controls. By contrast, G cell number and volume density were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in H pylori+Ge group after successful eradication therapy (294±32 and 0.31±0.02, respectively), in comparison to values before eradication (416±40 and 0.48±0.09). No significant change of the G cell/total endocrine cell ratio was observed during the 6 mo of follow up in any of the groups. A reversible increase in G cell secretory function was seen in all infected individuals, demonstrated by a more prominent secretory apparatus. However, differences between DU and gastritis group were identified. CONCLUSION: H pylori infection induces antral G cell hyperfunction resulting in increased gastrin synthesis and secretion. After eradication therapy complete morphological and functional recovery is observed in patients with gastritis. In the DU patients some other factors unrelated to the H pylori infection influence antral G cell morphology and function. 相似文献
70.
Anna Duda-Sobczak Bogusz Falkowski Aleksandra Araszkiewicz Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz 《Clinical therapeutics》2018,40(6):872-880