Artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics and its preliminary clinical application

Summary The authors have prepared the artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics according to an appropriate formula and manufacturing technology. Physical and chemical testing shows that it possesses several distinguishing features: the communicating pores and macro/micropores; mean pore size, 380 μm (from 240 μm to 510 μm); porosity, 46.4 %; and compressive strength, 97.4 kg/cm². It consists of CaO (49.09 %) and P₂O₅ (48.84 %). The testing of its biocompatibility shows that it is devoid of systemic or local toxicity, and free of irritation or foreign body response in tissues, and it does not result in hemolysis or mutation. The new bone readily grows into its pores with direct contact to the implanted material. 11 cases of bone defects were treated with this artificial bone with satisfactory results.     

Sexual sequelae of antihypertensive drugs: Treatment effects on self-report and physiological measures in middle-aged male hypertensives

Antihypertensive drugs are commonly associated with adverse side effects in both clinical and laboratory studies. We investigated the sexual sequelae of several major classes of antihypertensive drugs (e.g., beta blockers, central alpha agonists, diuretics) in normal males and in hypertensive patients. We compared the effects of four widely used agents (methyldopa, propranolol, atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene) and placebo, in a selected sample of 21 sexually dysfunctional male hypertensives, 13 of whom completed all five phases of the study. Each study drug was administered for a 1-month treatment period, followed by a 2-week, single-blind washout phase, according to a randomized, Latin square crossover design. Dependent variables for the study included a broad range of hormonal, NPT, and self-report measures of sexual response. Results indicated a lack of consistent drug effects on measures of sexual response, although more frequent sexual and nonsexual side effects were observed with methyldopa and propranolol. As in our previous studies, age was negatively correlated with both hormonal and NPT measures, whereas changes in blood pressure were not significantly related to sexual function scores. Results do not support the hypothesis that sexually dysfunctional males are at greater risk for adverse sexual sequelae when treated with centrally active agents or diuretics.     

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

Opportunistic infections occur in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with low dose methotrexate (MTX) with or without other immunosuppressants. Our case report illustrates a fatal case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dose MTX and glucocorticoid. A review of the literature reveals other opportunistic infections such as Cryptococcus, Nocardia, and herpes zoster presenting in such patients. These occurrences suggest that MTX should be used cautiously in patients with rheumatic disease receiving concomitant medical therapy.     

高分子染料的进展

高分子染料是一类本身固有颜色的高分子化合物，它兼有染料和高聚物的双重性质。因此既可作为色料也可作为高聚物而应用于许多领域。本文较详细阐述了聚合染料的种类，合成方法及应用情况。     

Specific statistical considerations relevantto the design and analysis of gingivitis trials demonstrating

Simulation studies were conducted to address specific statistical issues which arise in the design and analysis of gingivitis studies whose principal aim is the demonstration of superiority or equivalence of one product to another. The effects of measurement scale, using differences or ratios of group means, particular statistical test produces and specific rules demonstrating superiority or equivalence were investigated. An alternative concept to equivalence—denoted “least as good”—was also defined and evaluated. For a wide class of possible distributions of gingivitis scores, characterized by specific gamma distributions, the student-t test applied to means of subject GI gingivitis scores proved to be the most powerful of the test produces considered, having statistical properties quite similar to the randomization or permutation test procedure. Transformations of subject GI mean gingivitis scores did not produce an advantage in demonstrating either superiority or equivalence, and in some cases made it more difficult. Little difference was observed in test results when using the difference in group means as compared with using the ratio of group means for demonstrating either equivalence or superiority. The clinically significant rule produced the lowest false-positive rates for products slightly better than the active control, and similar false-positive and -negative rates as the statistically significant rule for products clearly superior to the active control. Demonstration of product equivalence will require more subjects per group than demonstrating product superiority, the size of this difference being a function of the definition of superiority that is accepted. Showing that the 90% confidence interval for 100*R is completely contained within the [90%, 110%] interval is the preferred method of demonstrating equivalence today, although much more research needs to be done to improve methods for demonstrating product equivalence. The “least as good” alternative to “equivalence” makes it easier to demonstrate “equivalence” for products slightly better than the active control product, but both experience great difficulty in demonstrating equivalence for lest products not quite as good as the active control.     

五型病毒性肝炎的暴露因素与临床表现的比较

比较急性病毒性肝炎患者感染打危险因素，同时比较五型肝炎的症状和体征。连续收集急性病毒性肝炎患者血清２９３份，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了五型肝炎病毒的病原学指标，并进行了流赞美同学调查。暴露因素：丙肝的肠道外暴露外明显多于甲肝；甲肝和戊肝有较高的“甲肝”患者接触史；乙肝，丙肝和丁肝有高的“乙肝”接触史，与甲肝，戊肝相比差异显著。     

The subdivisions of the intermediolateral nucleus in the sacral spinal cord of the cat

The subdivisions of the sacral intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the cat have been studied by using a double-labeling technique of retrograde Fluoro-gold (FG) and wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) tracing. The parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PGNs) that were labeled by the FG injected into the pelvic nerve formed a ‘V’-shaped column known as the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) in the sacral IML. The neurons that were labeled by the WGA-HRP applied to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBL) formed an elongated spindle-shaped column extending throughout the IML of the sacral segments. We designated it by the name of sacral visceral sensory nucleus (SVSN). These findings indicate that the sacral IML of the cat contain two distinct subdivisions, SPN and SVSN.     

Direct carotid sinus approach to treatment of bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas. Case report

The authors present a patient with a complex vascular malformation composed of bilateral spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF's). The abnormality was supplied on the right side by the right external carotid artery (ECA) and the right internal carotid artery (ICA), and on the left side only by the left ICA. There was also an arteriovenous communication between the right ECA and the lateral sinus. Surgical embolization of both cavernous sinuses with oxidized cellulose was achieved on one side by direct puncture and on the other through one of its venous affluents, successfully occluding both CCF's and preserving the patency of both ICA's without any neurological deficit. The arteriovenous communication between the right ECA and the lateral sinus was occluded by embolization of the occipital artery and ligation of the right ECA.