Syntheses, analgetic activity, and physical dependence capacity of 5-phenyl-6,7-benzomorphan derivatives.

The synthesis, analgetic activity, and physical dependence capacity of a large number of 5-phenyl-6,7-benzomorphan derivatives are described. Observations made during the Stevens' rearrangement of 1-benzyl-1-methyl-delta 3-piperidinium salt derivatives (V) under various conditions are discussed. The absolute configuration of the 9-demethyl series and the 2'-deoxy series is established by comparison of their ORD and CD spectra with those of 49, whose absolute configuration was previously established by X-ray crystallography. A convenient synthesis of 3H-labeled phenols using 3H3PO4 is described, as well as the preparation of 14C-labeled compounds by conventional methods.     

Blast injury with particular reference to recent terrorist bombing incidents.

The aetiology of primary blast lung is discussed with reference to the biodynamics of blast injury, and the clinical and pathological features of the condition are described. An analysis of casualties from bomb blast incidents occurring in Northern Ireland leads to the following conclusions concerning the injuries found in persons exposed to explosions: (1) there is a predominance of head and neck trauma, including fractures, lacerations, burns, and eye and ear injuries; (2) fractures and traumatic amputations are common and often multiple; (3) penetrating trunk wounds carry a grave prognosis; and (4) primary blast lung is rare. A comparison of four bombing incidents in England in 1973 and 1974 shows how the type and severity of injury are related to the place in which the explosion occurs. The administrative and clinical aspects of the management of casualties resulting from terrorist bombing activities are discussed.