介绍几种残指延长拇指再造的方法

本文报告带血管神经蒂组织瓣移位及手残指缓慢延长术治疗６４例拇指缺损，拇指平均延长２．６ｃｍ，平均随访时间３年６个月，再造拇指外形及功能均较满意。本法简单、安全、有效。拇指掌指关节以远缺如，残端指骨长１ｃｍ以上者行指骨延长术，不足１ｃｍ者可行第１掌骨延长术、二期行虎口加深术。掌指关节平面缺如采用第１掌骨延长术或带血管蒂皮瓣移位再造拇指。也可用带桡骨片的前臂桡侧皮瓣一期再造拇指。第１掌骨近侧平面缺如，     

肺结核线索调查中X线胸透的代价和效益试评

用热释光剂量计测试了受检者胸透体表照射量，结果表明受检者体表照射量符合对数正态分布，几何均值为０．１９ｍＣ·ｋｇ－１，高于一般体检胸透照射量水平。根据危险度系数，估算出由此造成的辐射诱发恶性肿瘤危险度，男女分别为３．５５×１０－６和４．０５×１０－６，后裔遗传疾患的危险度均为４．０×１０－８，由此估计该次实践造成的人均寿命缩短时间为０．５２ｈ·人－１。利用江苏省结核病的患病率、死亡率、化疗治愈率估算出由此次实践带来的人均寿命延长时间为４５．８ｈ·人－１。     

猫延髓嘴侧腹外侧区微量注射内皮素－1对心血管和肾交感神经活动的影响

采用脑立体定向和脑内微量注射技术研究了猫延髓嘴侧腹外侧区（ｒＶＬＭ）微量注射内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１），对平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）和肾交感神经活动（ＲＮＡ）的影响。结果表明：ｒＶＬＭ内微量注射ＥＴ－１（２ｐｍｏｌ，０．５μｌ），可显著升高平均动脉压、增加心率和增强肾交感神经活动，并存在量－效间的正相关关系。双侧颈部迷走神经切断后，不影响上述结果。静脉预先给与α－受体阻断剂（Ｒｅｇｉｔｉｎｅ，５ｍｇ／ｋｇ），能显著抑制ＥＴ－１的上述升压作用。放射免疫观察到，ｒＶＬＭ内微量注射ＥＴ－１后，血浆精氨酸升压素（ＡＶＰ）含量显著升高，其变化与血压变化呈显著一致。以上结果提示，（１）ｒＶＬＭ内ＥＴ－１参与心血管活动的中枢调节，并显示有部位特异性；（２）该调节作用主要通过改变交感神经传出活动实现，而与迷走神经活动无关；（３）ｒＶＬＭ内ＥＴ－１还可能激动下丘脑室旁核及视上核的升压素能神经元，从而参与心血管活动的调节。     

Inhibitory effects of chlorpheniramine and astemizolum on contraction of isolated rat and rabbit uteri induced by oxytocin and PGF2α

Summary The contraction of isolated rat and rabbit uteri induced by oxytocin and PGF_2α was markedly inhibited by chlorpheniramine (Chl) and astemizolum (Ast), both of which also decreased the resting tension of uteri, and their spontaneous contraction. The inhibitory effects of both drugs were dose-dependent. At high concentrations, Chl 7.4× 10^-4 mol/L and Ast 10^-4 mol/L could counteract the contraction of the uteri induced by Oxy and PGF_2α, and their spontaneous contraction as well. They decreased the resting tension to the lower level. The mechanism of their non-special relaxed action on uteri could not be completely explained only by their H₁-receptor blocking action. Whether they act by blocking calcium channel or by inhibiting calmodulin (CaM) remains to be further explored.     

老年大鼠学习行为与海马长时程突触增强和神经元核仁组织者的关系

主动回避条件反应率>80％的老年大鼠为学习好组,<30％的为学习差组。学习好组在高频短串刺激后颗粒细胞层出现海马长时程突触增强(LTP)效应:颗粒细胞核内Ag-NOR面积/胞核面积比值平均为0.154±0.0043;单个胞核内Ag-NOR平均为3.051±0.2212个,学习差组高频短串刺激引起颗粒细胞层群峰电位长时程抑制;颗粒细胞核内Ag-NOR面积/胞核面积比值平均为0.077±0.0023;单个胞核内Ag-NOR平均为1.839±0.1421个,2组间3指标均有显著差异,表明年老大鼠学习能力与LTP效应有关,学习差的老年大鼠海马齿状回颗粒细胞rDNA的转录活性较学习好的明显降低。     

儿童牙病治疗中医护配合的技巧

儿童牙病要经过诊查-麻醉-牙科处理，要用精密或锐利的器械伸入患儿口腔，所以治疗的前提必须是患儿自觉张口合作。在治疗护理过程中，除了掌握儿童的各年龄阶段的性格特征外，医生、护士的语言交流和操作还需一定的技巧，配合应默契。现对我院250例3岁～12岁患儿治疗及护理配合体会报告如下。     

免疫组化在恶性间皮瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 对恶性间皮瘤进行免疫组化的对比性研究,以进一步评价它们在恶性间皮瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 采用免疫组织化学染色(LSAB)法对22例恶性间皮瘤和20例对照组腺癌组织进行EMA、CEA、CK、vimentin、间皮细胞(M-cell)等5种单克隆抗体的标记。结果 恶性间皮瘤的阳性率分别为 M-cell 91％,CEA 9％,vimentin 73％,CK82％,EMA64％;而腺癌的阳性率为分别为M-cell5％,CEA 85％,vimentin 15％,CK100％,EMA 100％。结论 在恶性间皮瘤和腺癌的鉴别诊断中,M-cell和CEA是较理想的标记物,尤其是M-cell,CEA和vimentin三种抗体联合应用更具有价值。而在恶性间皮瘤和其他梭形细胞肿瘤的鉴别诊断中,还应联合使用CK和EMA。     

Biologic effects of hyperthermia and radiation on gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) in vitro. II. Ultrastructural changes of cells

Different characteristic damages of the SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells were studied by electron microscopy 1, 36, 72, 96 and 120 hours after heating and radiation in vitro. The visible damages, such as the enlarged mitochondria, increase of lysosomes and perichromatin granules could be shown 1 hour after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min) but no visible damages of the cells were shown until 36 hours following radiation (500 rad). In order to study the ultrastructural changes of the gastric cancer cells in mitosis after heating and radiation, we have used the new method of ultrastructural research in selecting and observing the M cell in vitro and found loosened structure of chromosome and disappearance of microtubules 1 hour following hyperthermia. At the same time, no apparent abnormalities of the mitotic cells were observed after radiation. It is the chief cause of division delay in heat injured cells. However, the chromosomes and microtubules of the new mitotic cells could recover 36 hours after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min). After radiation, the giant cells and abnormal morphologic changes of cells gradually increase and the living cells decrease. Unexpectedly, the division of a few giant cells is observed 72 hours after heating and radiation.     

工业X射线探伤防护剂量水平的研究

本文介绍了用实验方法研究不同管电压, 钢板厚度与散射线之间的关系.结果表明, 透射比随管电压升高而增加, 并随钢板厚度增加而下降；散射比随散射角的增大而逐渐下降, 至180°时为最低值。此研究为X射线探伤作业的辐射防护提供了依据。