A Healthy Diet Rich in Calcium and Vitamin C Is Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Korean Adults from the KNHANES 2013–2017

The association between metabolic syndrome and eating patterns remains unclear. We hypothesized that Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores were related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in adults in a gender-dependent manner. We aimed to examine the hypothesis using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-VI (2013–2017) data with a complex sample survey design. Adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals of KHEI scores and nutrient intake estimated by the 24-h recall were calculated according to MetS status after adjusting for age, residence area, region, education, obesity, income, drinking status, smoking status, marriage, and exercise. Adjusted odds ratios for MetS were measured according to KHEI quartiles using logistic regression analysis while controlling for covariates. MetS incidence was significantly higher in females than in males. Those who were older, less educated, earning less income, more obese, living in rural areas, drinking severely, non-exercising, and married had higher MetS incidence than those with the opposite state. Total KHEI scores of all components KHEI scores were lower for those with MetS (MetS group) than those without MetS (Non-MetS group) in both genders. For KHEI components, having breakfast and milk and fat intake had lower scores for the MetS group than for the Non-MetS group in women, whereas fruits and milk and milk product intake had lower scores for the MetS group in men. Nutrient intake influenced the MetS risk in females more than in males. Fat, calcium, and vitamin C intakes from 24-h recall were lower in the MetS group than in the Non-MetS group in women. KHEI scores had an inverse association with MetS risk by 0.98-fold in both genders after adjusting for covariates. In conclusion, a healthy diet that includes adequate calcium and vitamin C is associated with a lower the risk of MetS in both men and women.     

综合应急救援能力评价指标体系架构及内容表示研究

面向自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生、社会安全等灾种构建的救援灾害轴,面向村、社区、街道(镇)、区(县、市)、市、省等区域构建的救援区域轴,面向准备、响应、处置、保障、善后等时间构建的救援时间轴,抽象建立描述综合应急救援能力评价指标体系的三维坐标系;在此基础上,抽象出综合应急救援能力评价指标体系架构,以及能力评价指标体系框...     

A Mobile App and Dashboard for Early Detection of Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Development Study

BackgroundOutbreaks of infectious diseases pose great risks, including hospitalization and death, to public health. Therefore, improving the management of outbreaks is important for preventing widespread infection and mitigating associated risks. Mobile health technology provides new capabilities that can help better capture, monitor, and manage infectious diseases, including the ability to quickly identify potential outbreaks.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a new infectious disease surveillance (IDS) system comprising a mobile app for accurate data capturing and dashboard for better health care planning and decision making.MethodsWe developed the IDS system using a 2-pronged approach: a literature review on available and similar disease surveillance systems to understand the fundamental requirements and face-to-face interviews to collect specific user requirements from the local public health unit team at the Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia.ResultsWe identified 3 fundamental requirements when designing an electronic IDS system, which are the ability to capture and report outbreak data accurately, completely, and in a timely fashion. We then developed our IDS system based on the workflow, scope, and specific requirements of the public health unit team. We also produced detailed design and requirement guidelines. In our system, the outbreak data are captured and sent from anywhere using a mobile device or a desktop PC (web interface). The data are processed using a client-server architecture and, therefore, can be analyzed in real time. Our dashboard is designed to provide a daily, weekly, monthly, and historical summary of outbreak information, which can be potentially used to develop a future intervention plan. Specific information about certain outbreaks can also be visualized interactively to understand the unique characteristics of emerging infectious diseases.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the design and development of our IDS system. We suggest that the use of a mobile app and dashboard will simplify the overall data collection, reporting, and analysis processes, thereby improving the public health responses and providing accurate registration of outbreak information. Accurate data reporting and collection are a major step forward in creating a better intervention plan for future outbreaks of infectious diseases.     

1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童蔬菜水果摄入比较

目的  分析1982年与2012年我国6~17岁儿童蔬菜水果摄入量及其变化特征。方法  以1982年全国营养调查18 237名与2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中的5 819名6~17岁儿童为对象,分别用称重记账法与3 d 24 h膳食调查法收集儿童食物摄入情况,分析并比较两个年份学龄儿童的蔬菜与水果摄入量及达到WHO推荐摄入量的情况。结果  学龄儿童蔬菜摄入量从1982年的300.4 g下降到2012年的185.8 g(Z=45.9, P＜0.001);学龄儿童水果摄入量由1982年的28.2 g增加到2012年的45.9 g(Z=36.8, P＜0.001)。学龄儿童蔬菜水果总摄入量达到WHO推荐量80%及以上的比例由1982年的42.2%下降到2012年的21.6%(χ² =809.9, P＜0.001)。1982年和2012年,男生蔬菜摄入量均高于女生,且随年龄增长而升高;水果摄入量均为城市儿童高于农村儿童。结论  2012年与1982年相比,我国6~17岁儿童蔬菜摄入量下降较多,水果摄入量有所增加,2012年与1982年儿童蔬菜与水果摄入量均不足,建议采取综合干预措施提高儿童蔬菜与水果的消费,促进其健康成长。     

Ref-1 protects against FeCl3-induced thrombosis and tissue factor expression via the GSK3β–NF-κB pathway

Arterial thrombosis and its associated diseases are considered to constitute a major healthcare problem. Arterial thrombosis, defined as blood clot formation in an artery that interrupts blood circulation, is associated with many cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is one of many important factors that aggravates the pathophysiological process of arterial thrombosis. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (Ref-1) has a multifunctional role in cells that includes the regulation of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory function. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of adenovirus-mediated Ref-1 overexpression on arterial thrombosis induced by 60% FeCl₃ solution in rats. Blood flow was measured to detect the time to occlusion, thrombus formation was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the expression of tissue factor and other proteins was detected by Western blot. FeCl₃ aggravated thrombus formation in carotid arteries and reduced the time to artery occlusion. Ref-1 significantly delayed arterial obstruction via the inhibition of thrombus formation, especially by downregulating tissue factor expression through the Akt-GSK3β-NF-κB signaling pathway. Ref-1 also reduced the expression of vascular inflammation markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and reduced the level of ROS that contributed to thrombus formation. The results showed that adenovirus-mediated Ref-1 overexpression reduced thrombus formation in the rat carotid artery. In summary, Ref-1 overexpression had anti-thrombotic effects in a carotid artery thrombosis model and could be a target for the treatment of arterial thrombosis.     

Role of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in hypoxic injury in pancreatic β-cells

Abstract

Islet transplantation (ITx) is being developed as a treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus, but hypoxic damage to transplanted islet grafts is an important factor affecting successful transplantation. To investigate the role of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) under hypoxic injury in INS-1 cells, one type of pancreatic β-cell lines, we used SRT1720 and GW4064 for SIRT1 activation. The small interfering RNA SIRT1 (si-SIRT1) was used to suppress SIRT1 gene expression. We measured cell viability, apoptosis, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), under hypoxic conditions. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. Cell viability was significantly reduced to 71% and 40% after 4 and 6?h of hypoxic conditions, respectively. Apoptosis increased significantly 2.8-fold and 5.3-fold after 4 and 6?h of hypoxia, respectively. SIRT1 expression was significantly reduced at the mRNA and protein levels during hypoxia. Hypoxic damage significantly increased the TNF-α, IL-6 and ROS levels in INS-1 cells. However, the reduced cell viability and increased inflammatory cytokines from hypoxic damage were ameliorated by SIRT1 activation in INS-1 cells. These results suggest that SIRT1 is a potential target for the protection of pancreatic β-cells against hypoxic damage during ITx.     

糖尿病高危人群糖尿病患病率的调查

[目的 ]　了解高危 (高血压、高血脂、肥胖、家族史、老龄 )人群中 2型糖尿病的患病率。 [方法 ]　选具有 1种或 1种以上高危因子的 42 3人 ,测餐后的毛细血管全血糖 ,若 >6 .7mmol/L者 ,接受OGTT。 [结果 ]　糖尿病患病率为 7.80 % ,糖耐量减退 (IGT)为 16 .78%。糖尿病与IGT者与血糖正常者比较 ,年龄 ,体重指数 (BMI)均显著升高 ,具有高危因子的机会明显增加。 [结论 ]　高危人群调查比普查具有更重要的价值。     

Population frequency distributions of HDL, HDL(2), and HDL(3) cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B in healthy men and women and associations with age, gender, hormonal status, and sex hormone use: the Stanford Five City Project

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to present population-based frequency distribution data for several lipoprotein-related variables and to examine their associations with gender, age, menopausal status, and sex hormone use. METHODS: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL(2)-C, HDL(3)-C, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, and Apo B were measured in a population-based sample of 1, 027 healthy adults from four California cities who participated in the 1989-1990 survey of the Stanford Five City Project. These data were examined cross-sectionally with sociodemographic and other related variables. RESULTS: Relative to men, all of the HDL-related parameters-HDL-C, HDL(2)-C, HDL(3)-C, Apo A-I-were significantly higher and Apo B levels were significantly lower among women (P < 0. 001). Menopausal status was not associated with HDL-related parameters, but Apo B levels were higher in post- versus premenopausal women (P < 0.001). Among women, HDL-C and Apo A-I levels were higher in oral contraceptive and estrogen replacement therapy users (P = 0.003). Most of the significant findings remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, energy expenditure, and alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS: These population-based data indicate that gender, menopausal status, and the use of sex hormones among women are associated with differential levels of one or more of HDL-C, HDL(2)-C, HDL(3)-C, Apo A-I, and Apo B, independent of age and a broad set of lifestyle factors.     

Comparison of two immunization schedules for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane proteins vaccine in burn patients

The aim of the present study was to compare two immunization schedules for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane proteins (OMPs) vaccine in burn patients. In a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial, 95 adult patients with burn injuries in 10% or greater of total body surface area were randomly allocated to either placebo or immunization groups. Three doses of the vaccine (0.5 or 1.0 mg) were administered intramuscularly at either 3- or 7-day intervals. The vaccine was well tolerated, and no severe adverse reactions were observed in any of the vaccinees. After three immunizations, 88 patients were available for evaluation of serum antibody titers. Elevation of OMPs-specific antibody titers in the immunization groups was significantly higher as compared with the placebo group, and the highest antibody response was obtained by immunization with 1.0-mg doses at 3-day intervals. Conventional blood culture, tissue culture of wound biopsy specimens and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of blood specimens were performed to determine the protective efficacy. The results of the nested PCR indicated that the overall detection rate of P. aeruginosa in blood was significantly lower among immunized patients than placebo patients (6.1 vs. 40.0%, P<0.001). Based on these results, we concluded that the P. aeruginosa OMPs vaccine is safe and highly immunogenic in burn patients, especially with 1.0-mg doses at 3-day intervals, and may be effective in conferring protection against P. aeruginosa bacteremia in burn patients.     

药源性耳聋防治研究进展

为进一步了解耳毒性药物的种类和致聋机理,探讨预防和治疗耳聋的策略,对国内外近些年来报道的药源性耳聋相关文献进行整理、总结,药物的耳毒性与遗传、用药剂量、用药时间、给药途径、患者年龄和身体状况等有关。耳毒性药物涉及品种众多,造成的后果严重,应引起II缶床重视,加强临床合理用药,以预防为主,早发现,早治疗,减轻患者痛苦。