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The Ro/La ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is composed of the proteins Ro60kD, Ro52kD, and La48kD that are in association with one small cytoplasmic RNA (YRNA). Specific protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions are thought to occur through the RNP and zinc-finger secondary structure elements of the Ro60kD protein. The aim of our study was to investigate the antigenic properties of the zinc finger domain of the Ro60KD autoantigen and its contribution to the formation of Ro/La RNP complex. It was found that the peptide VSLVCEKLCNEKLLKKARIHPFHILIA (Zif-1), which corresponds to the natural sequence of the zinc finger domain (301-327), and the peptide C(Acm)NEKLLKKARIC(Acm), analogous to the intermediate loop 310-319 (Zif-3) of the same domain of Ro60KD, are recognized by the majority of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB positive sera (82.6% and 77.1%, respectively) in the absence of zinc ions. The same sera failed to react with Zif-1 peptide in the presence of Zn2+. In contrast, the addition of zinc ions was necessary for the binding of Zif-1 to recombinant Ro52KD as shown by direct binding experiments of the recombinant protein with synthetic peptides. Our data suggest the zinc finger domain of Ro60kD contains a B-cell epitope with high specificity for primary Sjogren's syndrome. Furthermore, depending on the presence of zinc ions, the zinc finger domain of the Ro60KD protein can exist in two different conformational states favoring either an interaction with the Ro52KD protein or binding with autoantibodies.  相似文献   
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Traditional risk factors do not adequately explain the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Currently, there is a lot of evidence that hypomagnesaemia may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in general population. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that magnesium status in haemodialysis patients is related to the degree of atheromatosis of carotid arteries, as assessed by B-mode ultrasound. Intima-media thickness of both common carotids was assessed by B-mode ultrasound in 93 stable chronic haemodialysis patients and in 182 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Intracellular magnesium as well as serum magnesium levels were obtained in the haemodialysis patients. Intracellular magnesium was estimated by determination of this ion in isolated peripheral lymphocytes. Haemodialysis patients had also a significantly higher mean common carotid intima-media thickness than controls (0.87+/-0.16 vs 0.76+/-0.13 mm, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that in haemodialysis patients both serum magnesium and intracellular magnesium were negatively associated with common carotid intima-media thickness (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003 respectively). Significant associations between the age of the haemodialysis patients, the existence of diabetes mellitus as well as the serum calcium x serum phosphate product with common carotid intima-media thickness of haemodialysis patients were also observed. A strong negative association of both extracellular and intracellular magnesium with common carotid intima-media thickness exists in haemodialysis patients. The above finding suggests that magnesium may play an important protective role in the development and/or acceleration of arterial atherosclerosis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.  相似文献   
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BACKGROUND: There is no consensus about replacement of an external fixator by reamed intramedullary nailing in fracture cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the outcome in 30 patients (33 segments) of secondary intramedullary nailing during the consolidation phase after callus distraction using an external device. The main reasons for nailing were docking site nonunion (17 patients), angular deformity or fracture of the lengthened area (8 patients) or intolerance of the external device (5 patients), in 11 patients combined with a delayed distracted callus maturation. The average follow-up time was 4 (2-12) years. RESULTS: Intramedullary infection after nailing occurred in 1 case, and slight loss in callus length in 5 cases. Failure of union at the docking site with nail breakage occurred in 1 case. In the other patients, consolidation in the lengthened callus area and also union at the docking site were achieved on average 6 months after nailing. INTERPRETATION: We believe that intramedullary nailing during the consolidation phase after bone lengthening or bone transport is a treatment option for delayed callus maturation or docking site nonunion, reducing prolonged use of the external fixator.  相似文献   
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of functional tension nose in nasal obstruction and to discuss its frequency and management. METHODS: Over the years 2000-2006, 153 patients underwent revision operation for nasal obstruction in our rhinoplastic center. Twenty-two of them (14.37%) suffered from functional tension nose. All 22 patients refused rhinoplasty during primary septoplasty. Sixteen of them had a kyphotic nose and the rest six cases suffered from hanging columella (drooped nose). Eighteen of them underwent primary rhinoplasty in combination with caudal diminution under general anesthesia. The other four patients refused rhinoplasty, and under local anesthesia their tip was deprojected and reprojected. RESULTS: Marked improvement in nasal airflow was noted at the most recent follow-up evaluation in 20 patients out of 22 (90.91%). The mean length of follow-up was 8 months (ranging from 4 to 12 months). All follow-up results were based on office examination and pre- and post-operative computer-assisted rhinomanometry evaluation. In only two cases results were not efficient enough. CONCLUSION: Our study strongly suggests that tension nose is a usual misdiagnosed cause of nasal obstruction. This problem is concealed under a "kyphotic", "big", or "pinocchio" nose. Usually the functional defect is spontaneously corrected during conventional rhinoplasty. However, tip should be deprojected and reprojected in cases where the patient refuses cosmetic intervention and surgeon tries to resolve his functional problem.  相似文献   
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The aim of this study was to estimate the total annual cost of patients with or at risk for atherothrombosis in Greece. A multicentre, cost-of-illness study was conducted between January 2007 and December 2009. In the study, 800 patients with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease (PAD) or multiple cardiovascular risk factors (MRF) were recruited. Direct and indirect cost data were assessed at patients’ enrolment in the study, and at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The annual total cost was €6,017/patient. This cost ranged from €10,098/patient with PAD to €1,813/patient with MRF. The annual direct health-care cost was €5,056/patient. This cost escalates from €1,623/patient with MRF to €8,697/patient with PAD. The total annual expenditures related to atherothrombosis, in Greece, were estimated to be €7.5 billion at the national level. The findings of the current study indicate the high economic burden of atherothrombosis in Greece.  相似文献   
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