The analysis of the incidence of cervical carcinomas based on the material from Histopathological Laboratory located in Zawiercie District Hospital

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of malignant cervical carcinomas found in the material from Histopathological Laboratory in Zawiercie District Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examined materials included histopathological results concerning segments and scrapings from gynecological procedures and the results of the segments, collected during gynecological operations performed in the years 2000-2005, in which malignant neoplasms of uterine cervix had been diagnosed. The data concerning the neoplasms were analysed, taking into account the following parameters: the number of neoplasms found in relation to the total number of diagnostic procedures performed, patients' age, histological type of the neoplasm and the degree of clinical progression based on FIGO classification. RESULTS: In the examined material, there were 50 cases of cervical carcinomas, with the highest incidence in patients aged between 50-59. The most common morphological type was squamous carcinoma and the majority of cervical carcinomas was characterized by the I degrees of disease clinical progression--38 cases, also 4 preinvasive carcinomas were found and 8 cancers of the II degrees of progression, according to FIGO classification. CONCLUSION: A considerable decrease of cervical carcinomas incidence, observed in the study period and the number of neoplasms found in an early progression stage are the effect of conducted screening examinations, due to which precancerous conditions are diagnosed and treated.     

Potentially Bio-Accessible Metabolites from an Extract of Cornus mas Fruit after Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro and Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo Treatment

Targeting pancreatic lipase and α-amylase by digestion-derived fractions of ethanolic-aqueous (60%, v/v) extract from Cornus mas fruit (CM) in relation to the control and prevention of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, was the first purpose of the present study. Taking into consideration the significance of bio-accessibility of compounds, we attempted to identify metabolites of CM after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, as well as their kinetic changes upon gut microbiota treatment. The digestion of extract was simulated with digestive enzymes in vitro and human gut microbiota ex vivo (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h), followed by chromatographic analysis using the UHPLC-DAD-MSⁿ method. The effect of fractions from gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the activity of pancreatic lipase and α-amylase was studied with fluorescence-based assays. The gastric and intestinal fractions obtained after in vitro digestion of CM inhibited pancreatic lipase and α-amylase. Loganic acid as the main constituent of the extract was digested in the experimental conditions in contrast to cornuside. It was found in most analytes such as salivary, gastric, intestinal, and even colon (fecal slurry, FS) fractions. In all fractions, kaempferol hexoside and reduced forms of kaempferol, such as aromadendrin, and benzoic acid were assigned. The signals of tannins were detected in all fractions. Cornusiin A was tentatively assigned in the gastric fraction. The metabolites originating from kinetic analytes have been classified mainly as phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, and flavonoids. Phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, gallic acid), tannins (digalloylglucose, tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose), and flavonoids (aromadendrin, dihydroquercetin) were detected in the late phases of digestion in fecal slurry suspension. Cornuside was found in FS analyte after 3 h incubation. It was not detected in the samples after 6 and 24 h incubation with FS. In conclusion, cornuside, aromadendrin, and phenolic acids may be potentially bio-accessible compounds of CM. The presence of plants’ secondary metabolites in the intestinal fractions allows us to indicate them as responsible for decreasing glucose and lipid absorption.     

Machine Learning Approaches for Monitoring of Tool Wear during Grey Cast-Iron Turning

The dynamic development of new technologies enables the optimal computer technique choice to improve the required quality in today’s manufacturing industries. One of the methods of improving the determining process is machine learning. This paper compares different intelligent system methods to identify the tool wear during the turning of gray cast-iron EN-GJL-250 using carbide cutting inserts. During these studies, the experimental investigation was conducted with three various cutting speeds vc (216, 314, and 433 m/min) and the exact value of depth of cut a_p and federate f. Furthermore, based on the vibration acceleration signals, appropriate measures were developed that were correlated with the tool condition. In this work, machine learning methods were used to predict tool condition; therefore, two tool classes were proposed, namely usable and unsuitable, and tool corner wear VBc = 0.3 mm was assumed as a wear criterium. The diagnostic measures based on acceleration vibration signals were selected as input to the models. Additionally, the assessment of significant features in the division into usable and unsuitable class was caried out. Finally, this study evaluated chosen methods (classification and regression tree, induced fuzzy rules, and artificial neural network) and selected the most effective model.     

An Evaluation of the Hydrolytic Stability of Selected Experimental Dental Matrices and Composites

Materials with potential use as dental restoration should be evaluated in an aggressive environment. Such accelerated aging is widely used in other industries and allows the assessment of service life. In the presented study, three neat resins (UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 70/10/20 wt.%, UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.% and UDMA/Bis-EMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.%) and three composites based on these matrices were tested before and after aging protocols (I-7500 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH; II-5 days, 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH). Flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness (HV) were determined. Applied aging protocols resulted in a decrease in the value of the FS, DTS and HV. Larger changes were noticed for the neat resins. Materials in which the content of bis-GMA was lower or substituted by bis-EMA showed better resistance to degradation. The choice of mixtures with monomers characterized by lower sorption values may favorably affect hydrolytic stability. It was shown that for composites there was a drastic decrease in hardness, which suggests a more superficial effect of the used protocols. However, degradation of the surface layer can result in a growing problem over time given that the mastication processes are an inherent element in the oral environment.     

Promoter polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha (G-308A) and IL-6 (C-174G) genes predict the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study

High levels of cytokines are risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated whether the promoter polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; G-308A) and interleukin 6 (IL-6; C-174G) genes predict the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Altogether, 490 overweight subjects with IGT whose DNA was available were randomly divided into one of the two treatment assignments: the control group and the intensive, individualized diet and exercise intervention group. The -308A allele of the TNF-alpha gene was associated with an approximate twofold higher risk for type 2 diabetes compared with the G-308G genotype (odds ratio 1.80, 95% CI 1.05-3.09; P = 0.034). Subjects with both the A allele of the TNF-alpha gene and the C-174C genotype of the IL-6 gene had a 2.2-fold (CI 1.02-4.85, P = 0.045) higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than subjects without the risk genotypes. We conclude that the -308A allele of the promoter polymorphism (G-308A) of the TNF-alpha gene is a predictor for the conversion from IGT to type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this polymorphism seems to have a gene-gene interaction with the C-174C genotype of the IL-6 gene.     

The role of miRNA-210 in pre-eclampsia development

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (ribonucleic acids) that play important roles in many vital processes through their impact on gene expression. One such miRNA, miR210, represents a hypoxia-induced cellular miRNA group that hold a variety of functions. This review article highlights the importance of miR-210 in the development of pre-eclampsia.

KEY MESSAGE

• miR-210 is a promising biomarker for monitoring pregnancy with pre-eclampsia. Overexpression of miR-210 had a negative impact on the process of cell migration and trophoblast invasion.

     

The Concept of Intrauterine Programming and the Development of the Neonatal Microbiome in the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The process of intrauterine programming is related to the quality of the microbiome formed in the fetus and the newborn. The implementation of probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics shows immunomodulatory potential towards the organism, especially the microbiome of the pregnant woman and her child. Nutrigenomics, based on the observation of pregnant women and the developing fetus, makes it possible to estimate the biological effects of active dietary components on gene expression or silencing. Nutritional intervention for pregnant women should consider the nutritional status of the patient, biological markers, and the potential impact of dietary intervention on fetal physiology. The use of a holistic model of nutrition allows for appropriately targeted and effective dietary prophylaxis that can impact the physical and mental health of both the mother and the newborn. This model targets the regulation of the immune response of the pregnant woman and the newborn, considering the clinical state of the microbiota and the pathomechanism of the nervous system. Current scientific reports indicate the protective properties of immunobiotics (probiotics) about the reduction of the frequency of infections and the severity of the course of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intrauterine programming influences the development of the microbiome for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on a review of research studies.     

A novel tissue engineered three-dimensional in vitro colorectal cancer model

The interactions of cancer cells within a solid mass with the surrounding reactive stroma are critical for growth and progression. The surrounding vasculature is recruited into the periphery of the growing tumour to supply cancer cells with nutrients and O₂. This study focuses on developing a novel three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro biomimetic colorectal cancer model using colorectal cancer cells and connective tissue cells. The 3-D model comprises a dense artificial cancer mass, created by partial plastic compression of collagen type I containing HT29 colorectal cancer cells, nested in a non-dense collagen type I gel populated by fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells. HT29 cells within the dense mass proliferate slower than when cultured in a two-dimensional system. These cells form tumour spheroids which invade the surrounding matrix, away from the hypoxic conditions in the core of the construct, measured using real time O₂ probes. This model is also characterized by the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by HT29 cells, mainly at the invading edge of the artificial cancer mass. This characterization is fundamental in establishing a reproducible, complex model that could be used to advance our understanding of cancer pathology and will facilitate therapeutic drug testing.