全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2503篇 |
免费 | 157篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 28篇 |
儿科学 | 105篇 |
妇产科学 | 53篇 |
基础医学 | 343篇 |
口腔科学 | 19篇 |
临床医学 | 322篇 |
内科学 | 569篇 |
皮肤病学 | 84篇 |
神经病学 | 289篇 |
特种医学 | 75篇 |
外科学 | 277篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 189篇 |
眼科学 | 25篇 |
药学 | 143篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 130篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 62篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 65篇 |
2018年 | 52篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 56篇 |
2014年 | 84篇 |
2013年 | 131篇 |
2012年 | 172篇 |
2011年 | 148篇 |
2010年 | 104篇 |
2009年 | 87篇 |
2008年 | 172篇 |
2007年 | 164篇 |
2006年 | 162篇 |
2005年 | 136篇 |
2004年 | 118篇 |
2003年 | 136篇 |
2002年 | 119篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2673条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
BACKGROUND: Hyperthyroidism has been associated with liver function abnormalities; however, cholestasis as the presenting feature of adolescent Graves' disease has not been previously reported. PATIENT SUMMARY: The patient was a 17-year-old girl who presented with severe cholestasis and was found to have Graves' disease. She also had a positive hepatitis A immunoglobulin M antibody but her clinical course, the liver histopathology, and her mildly elevated transaminases indicated that the acute hepatitis A infection was not dominant at the time of presentation with severe cholestasis. Other causes of cholestasis, including congestive heart failure, autoimmune hepatitis, and viral infection, were excluded. Treatment with methimazole resolved the hyperthyroidism, and the cholestasis improved, as well. CONCLUSION: Severe cholestasis is a rare presenting feature of Graves' disease. With careful monitoring, methimazole can be used to treat the hyperthyroidism in the setting of cholestasis. 相似文献
93.
Wright L Hill KM Bernhardt J Lindley R Ada L Bajorek BV Barber PA Beer C Golledge J Gustafsson L Hersh D Kenardy J Perry L Middleton S Brauer SG Nelson MR;National Stroke Foundation Stroke Guidelines Expert Working Group 《Internal medicine journal》2012,42(5):562-569
The Australian Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management 2010 represents an update of the Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery (2005) and the Clinical Guidelines for Acute Stroke Management (2007). For the first time, they cover the whole spectrum of stroke, from public awareness and prehospital response to stroke unit and stroke management strategies, acute treatment, secondary prevention, rehabilitation and community care. The guidelines also include recommendations on transient ischaemic attack. The most significant changes to previous guideline recommendations include the extension of the stroke thrombolysis window from 3 to 4.5 h and the change from positive to negative recommendations for the use of thigh-length antithrombotic stockings for deep venous thrombosis prevention and the routine use of prolonged positioning for contracture management. 相似文献
94.
BACKGROUND: Clinical evidence points to patient-perceived difficulties and compliance problems in implementing early insulin therapy. Therefore, individual treatment aims are necessary to optimize diabetes therapy, as currently acknowledged by the new ADA/EASD guidelines. Better characterization of patient-perceived difficulties in the implementation of early insulin treatment may contribute to improved compliance and optimal tailoring of treatment regimens for the individual patient. OBJECTIVES: To assess differences in quality of life (QoL) and patient-perceived difficulties in health care with every addition of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and insulin therapy. METHODS: The analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional sample of 714 diabetic patients treated with OHAs or with insulin once or twice daily. Differences in diabetes-specific QoL, overall QoL, and perception of difficulties associated with specific diabetes treatment attributes were evaluated using trend analysis and comparisons between groups. The contribution of each diabetes treatment attribute to QoL measures and glycemic control was also assessed. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in QoL measures among patients treated exclusively with OHAs when these patients were assessed by the number of oral agents, irrespective of the degree of glycemic control. Better controlled patients treated with 2 OHAs, compared with poorly controlled patients treated with a single OHA, had a lower perception of difficulties associated with diabetes treatment attributes. Poorly controlled patients treated with 2 OHAs and better controlled patients treated with 3 OHAs had similar QoL and perceived difficulties with care. However, the insulin-based alternative was consistently associated with a significantly higher perception of pain and lower overall QoL when compared with the oral regimens. Multivariate models accounted for 52% and 32% of the variance in QoL measures. CONCLUSIONS: From the patients’ perspective, oral therapy is the preferred strategy for attaining the treatment goals since the addition of OHAs was not associated with lower QoL or patient-perceived difficulties with care. If early insulin treatment is considered, physicians should address specific diabetes treatment characteristics, mainly the issue of pain, to promote improved QoL and disease control. 相似文献
95.
Nir Lubezky Yaacov Goykhman Richard Nakache Ada Kessler Roni Baruch Paulina Katz Itzhak Kori Joseph M. Klausner Menahem Ben-Haim 《World journal of surgery》2013,37(6):1430-1437
Background
Graft pseudoaneurysm (PSA) following pancreatic transplantation (PT) is a rarely reported complication that has significant morbidity and mortality. Few case reports and small series of this complication exist.Methods
Retrospective review of files of 106 patients who underwent PT at the Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical center between 1995 and 2010. Accessible asymptomatic patients (n = 35) were referred for graft PSA screening using ultrasound-Doppler.Results
Eight patients developed graft PSA (8 %). All had early posttransplant sepsis. PSA incidence among patients who had perioperative sepsis is 13 %. Three patients developed early postoperative PSA, presenting as massive abdominal bleeding requiring urgent laparotomy and graft resection. Five patients were diagnosed with late-onset graft PSA between 3 months and 11 years posttransplant: clinical presentations were massive gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2), acute renal failure (n = 1), and asymptomatic finding on screening ultrasound-Doppler (n = 2, 6 % of screened patients).Conclusions
PSA following PT occurs in 8 % of patients. Perioperative infection is a risk factor. Early PSAs present as massive intra-abdominal bleeding. PSA may develop years posttransplant, may be asymptomatic, but late rupture is possible and presents as gastrointestinal bleeding. We recommend screening of patients at risk with ultrasound Doppler for early detection and treatment of asymptomatic PSAs. 相似文献96.
97.
Jesse D. Troy Joel L. Weissfeld Ada O. Youk Sufi Thomas Lin Wang Jennifer R. Grandis 《Head and neck pathology》2013,7(4):344-355
There is current interest in anti-angiogenesis therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), although the utility of these therapies in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and HPV-negative HNSCC is unclear. Therefore, we explored heterogeneity in expression of a distal factor in angiogenesis (EGFR, the epidermal growth factor receptor), a proximal factor in angiogenesis (VEGF, the vascular endothelial growth factor) and a putative factor in angiogenesis (NOTCH1) in a HNSCC case series using immunohistochemistry in N = 67 cases (27 HPV-positive, 40 HPV-negative, by in situ hybridization). Box plots and the Wilcoxon rank sum or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare staining scores (intensity × percent of cells staining) by HPV status and lifestyle factors. Associations between EGFR, VEGF, and NOTCH1 were assessed using box plots and Spearman correlation (ρ) in all cases, and stratified by HPV status. HPV-negative HNSCC over-expressed EGFR [median (range): 30 (0–300)] relative to HPV-positive HNSCC [7.5 (0–200)] (P = 0.006). VEGF and NOTCH1 were unrelated to HPV status (P > 0.05). EGFR was associated with VEGF in HPV-negative (ρ = 0.40, P = 0.01) but not HPV-positive HNSCC (ρ = 0.25, P = 0.20). NOTCH1 and VEGF were associated in HPV-negative (ρ = 0.40, P = 0.01) but not HPV-positive tumors (ρ = −0.12, P = 0.57). NOTCH1 was not associated with EGFR (P > 0.05). Our results are suggestive of heterogeneity in HNSCC angiogenesis. Future studies should explore angiogenesis mechanisms in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0447-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献98.
99.
Ebba Norsted Gregory Ada Delaney Sally AbdelMoaty Duygu B. Bas Simone Codeluppi Gustaf Wigerblad Camilla I. Svensson 《Journal of neuroscience research》2013,91(2):300-312
Astrocyte activation is an important feature in many disorders of the central nervous system, including chronic pain conditions. Activation of astrocytes is characterized by a change in morphology, including hypertrophy and increased size of processes, proliferation, and an increased production of proinflammatory mediators. The xanthine derivatives pentoxifylline and propentofylline are commonly used experimentally as glial inhibitors. These compounds are generally believed to attenuate glial activity by raising cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibiting glial tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. In the present study, we show that these substances inhibit TNF and serum‐induced astrocyte proliferation and signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, demonstrated by decreased levels of phosphorylated S6 kinase (S6K), commonly used as a marker of mTOR complex (mTORC) activation. Furthermore, we show that pentoxifylline and propentofylline also inhibit JNK and p38, but not ERK, activation induced by TNF. In addition, the JNK antagonist SP600125, but not the p38 inhibitor SB203580, prevents TNF‐induced activation of S6 kinase, suggesting that pentoxifylline and propentofylline may regulate mTORC activity in spinal astrocytes partially through inhibition of the JNK pathway. Our results suggest that pentoxifylline and propentofylline inhibit astrocyte activity in a broad fashion by attenuating flux through specific pathways. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
100.