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Falls in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults: Implications for Risk Assessment And Prevention
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Manuel Montero‐Odasso MD PhD AGSF Mark Speechley PhD 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2018,66(2):367-375
Objectives
To provide an overview of the role of cognition in falls, with potential implications for managing and preventing falls in older adults.Design
Review.Setting
Observational and interventional studies addressing the role of cognition on falls.Participants
Community‐dwelling older adults (65 years and older).Measurements
The relationship between gait and cognition in aging and neurodegeneration was reviewed in the medical literature to highlight the role of brain motor control deficits in fall risk. The benefits of dual‐task gait assessments as a marker of fall risk were reviewed. Therapeutic approaches for reducing falls by improving certain aspects of cognition were appraised.Results
Low performance in attention and executive function are associated with gait slowing, instability, and future falls. Drug‐enhancement of cognition may reduce falls in Parkinson's disease, and cognitive training, dual‐task training, and virtual reality modalities are promising to improve mobility in sedentary older adults and in those with cognitive impairment and dementia.Conclusion
Falls remain common in older people, with higher prevalence and morbidity in those who are cognitively impaired. Disentangling the mechanism and contribution of cognitive deficits in fall risk may open new treatment approaches. Mounting evidence supports that cognitive therapies help reduce falls. 相似文献114.
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Serum Parathyroid Hormone but Not Vitamin D Is Associated with Impaired Gait in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
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Lisa J. Gould MD PhD FACS Jenny Alderden PhD APRN CCRN CCNS Rummana Aslam MD Adrian Barbul MD FACS Kath M. Bogie DPhil FAIMBE Mohamed El Masry MD PhD Letitia Y. Graves PhD RN E. Foy White-Chu MD CWSP AGSF Amany Ahmed MD KerriAnn Boanca MD Jessica Brash BSN RN Katie R. Brooks DNP AGPCNP Wendy Cockron MSN APRN AGACNP-BC CNE Susan M. Kennerly PhD RN WCC CNE FAAN Aaron K. Livingston MD PhD Jeni Page MSN APRN ACNP-BC Catherine Stephens MSN RN Velena West MBA RN Tracey L. Yap PhD RN WCC CNE FGSA FAAN 《Wound repair and regeneration》2024,32(1):6-33
The major populations at risk for developing pressure ulcers are older adults who have multiple risk factors that increase their vulnerability, people who are critically ill and those with spinal cord injury/disease. The reported prevalence of pressure ulcers in the United States is 2.5 million. However, this estimate is derived from acute care facilities and does not include people who are living at home or in nursing facilities. Despite the implementation of hospital and facility-based preventive measures, the incidence of pressure ulcers has not decreased in decades. In addition to the burden of pain, infection and death, it is estimated that hospital-acquired pressure ulcers cost the health system $26.8 billion annually with over 50% of the cost attributed to treating Stage 3 and 4 pressure injuries. Thus, it is critical to examine the literature and develop guidelines that will improve the outcomes of this complex and costly condition. This guideline update is a compendium of the best available evidence for the treatment of Pressure Ulcers published since the last update in 2015 and includes a new section based on changing demographics entitled ‘Palliative wound care for seriously ill patients with pressure ulcers’. The overall goal of the Wound Healing Society Guideline project is to present clear, concise and commercial free guidelines that clinicians can use to guide care, that researchers can use to develop studies that will improve treatment and that both clinicians and researchers can use to understand the gaps in our knowledge base. 相似文献
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Timothy W. Farrell MD AGSF William W. Hung MD MPH Kathleen T. Unroe MD MHA AGSF Teneille R. Brown JD Christian D. Furman MD MSPH AGSF Jane Jih MD MPH MAS Reena Karani MD MHPE Paul Mulhausen MD MHS Anna María Nápoles PhD MPH Joseph O. Nnodim MD PhD FACP AGSF Gina Upchurch RPh MPH Chanel F. Whittaker PharmD BCGP FASCP Anna Kim LMSW Nancy E. Lundebjerg MPA Ramona L. Rhodes MD MPH MSCS AGSF 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2022,70(12):C1-C1
The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) has consistently advocated for a healthcare system that meets the needs of older adults, including addressing impacts of ageism in healthcare. The intersection of structural racism and ageism compounds the disadvantage experienced by historically marginalized communities. Structural racism and ageism have long been ingrained in all aspects of US society, including healthcare. This intersection exacerbates disparities in social determinants of health, including poor access to healthcare and poor outcomes. These deeply rooted societal injustices have been brought to the forefront of the collective public consciousness at different points throughout history. The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare and exacerbated existing inequities inflicted on historically marginalized communities. Ageist rhetoric and policies during the COVID-19 pandemic further marginalized older adults. Although the detrimental impact of structural racism on health has been well-documented in the literature, generative research on the intersection of structural racism and ageism is limited. The AGS is working to identify and dismantle the healthcare structures that create and perpetuate these combined injustices and, in so doing, create a more just US healthcare system. This paper is intended to provide an overview of important frameworks and guide future efforts to both identify and eliminate bias within healthcare delivery systems and health professions training with a particular focus on the intersection of structural racism and ageism. 相似文献
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Lisa M. Walke MD AGSF Ronnie A. Rosenthal MD Mark Trentalange MD MPH Melissa F. Perkal MD Maria Maiaroto APRN Sean M. Jeffery PharmD Richard A. Marottoli MD MPH 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2014,62(11):2185-2190
Surgery is common in older adults, so geriatric and surgical providers need to develop expertise in the care of older adults undergoing surgery. The Co‐management of Older Operative Patients En Route Across Treatment Environments (CO‐OPERATE) program is a clinical and educational collaboration between geriatrics and several surgical specialties at Veterans Affairs Health Care Connecticut. Individuals in CO‐OPERATE are co‐managed during the pre‐, peri‐, and postoperative periods. General surgery, urology, vascular surgery, orthopedics, cardiothoracic surgery and neurosurgery all participate in the program, with geriatrics expertise provided by a geriatrician, geriatric nurse practitioner and a geriatric clinical pharmacist. In the initial 3 years, there were 211 CO‐OPERATE participants; 31% were evaluated preoperatively, and 62% of the individuals seen preoperatively were seen in clinic. There was a median of three recommendations per consultation. At discharge, 56% returned to the community. Individuals seen preoperatively were more likely to return to the community (63%) than those seen after surgery (50%, P = .10). Geriatrics co‐management with a variety of surgical specialties is feasible and may be associated with higher rates of discharge back to the community. 相似文献