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871.
872.
In obstetrics and gynaecology, as well as in many other fields of medicine, ultrasound has become an indispensable diagnostic tool. Ultrasound training, however, still lacks proper quality assessment and control. In fact, in prenatal diagnostics most fetal anomalies requiring diagnosis during pregnancy are extremely rare. Therefore, effective training opportunities are limited to the very few medical centres which treat many such cases. Ultrasound simulator-based training, as performed with the Sonofit Sonotrainer, has been demonstrated to partly overcome this dilemma. In this article, the authors summarize their experience in using and evaluating various teaching concepts after the implementation of the ultrasound simulator under different conditions. Furthermore, an overview of the advantages of the Sonotrainer-based ultrasound training and its acceptance among trainees is provided. The authors also focus on aspects of quality assessment in gynaecological and prenatal ultrasound. 相似文献
873.
874.
N. N. Polygalova A. G. Mikhailovskii E. S. Limanskii B. Ya. Syropyatov M. I. Vakhrin 《Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal》2006,40(3):132-134
A series of 1-alkyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and the related 4-alkyl-1,2-dihydro-benzo[f]isoquinolines was synthesized using
reactions of dialkylbenzylcarbinols and their naphthyl analogs with alkylcyanides. Experiments showed that 1-alkyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines
typically produce a hypotensive action, while the benzo-annelated structures usually exhibit a hypertensive effects. The most
active compound decreases the arterial pressure in cats by 52 Torr and the effect lasts for about 4 hours.
__________
Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 15–17, March, 2006. 相似文献
875.
I. V. Shilova E. A. Krasnov E. I. Korotkova M. G. Nagaev A. N. Lukina 《Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal》2006,40(12):660-662
Extracts of the above-ground part of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria L. Maxim.) demonstrate a pronounced antioxidant activity. It is established that 70% and 95% ethanol extracts contain the
most active substances. Investigation of the chemical composition of the above-ground part of the plant and its 70% ethanol
extract by means of qualitative reactions, thin-layer chromatography, and paper chromatography showed the presence of various
phenolic compounds, including quercetin and its glycosides, dihydroquercetin, apigenin, rododendrol, esculetin, and m-hydroxybenzoic, salicylic, anisic, gallic, gentisic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids.
__________
Translated From Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 12, Pp. 22–24, December, 2006. 相似文献
876.
877.
目的:直肠腺瘤和其他疑似为良性的病变应用经肛门内镜切除术并未普及。该项研究旨在评估经肛门内镜切除术的效能和安全性。方法:回顾性研究分析在1993-2004年之间3所斯德哥尔摩医院中经肛门内镜切除术的患,内容包括患自身及病变特性、并发症、随访时间和复发率。结果:180例中共131例行经肛门内镜切除术。160例经组织学诊断为腺瘤,12例为癌瘤,其余8例分别为增生、纤维化或正常黏膜。直肠腺瘤患中,77例仅行单次经肛门内镜切除术,16例因巨大腺瘤而多次行该手术,27例因复发而需另行经肛门内镜切除术或其他手术。中位复发时间为7个月,但未出现直肠癌。16例手术患出现并发症。2例患必须行Hartman手术,1例因肠穿孔,另1例因出血。手术期间无死亡。未复发的中位随访期为32个月(极差0—67)。[编按] 相似文献
878.
L Laforest E Van Ganse G Devouassoux S Chretin L Osman G Bauguil Y Pacheco G Chamba 《The European respiratory journal》2006,27(1):42-50
French asthma patients may be supervised by general practitioners (GPs) and/or specialists. Therefore, this study examined asthma management in patients exclusively supervised by specialists (SPE), GPs, (GP) and both (GP+SPE group), and compared the findings. Asthma patients were consecutively recruited in 348 pharmacies. Each patient completed a questionnaire providing data on personal characteristics, asthma management, perception of disease and asthma supervision. Asthma control was measured using the Asthma Control Test. Questionnaires were linked to computerised records of medications which had been dispensed before inclusion in the study. From the 1,256 patients (mean age = 36.1 yrs, 54.3% females), 11.4, 36.6, and 52.0% were placed in the SPE, GP, and GP+SPE groups, respectively. During the previous 4 weeks, most patients in the SPE group were properly controlled (52.2 versus 26.4 and 21.5% in GP and GP+SPE groups, respectively). The SPE group made more use of fixed combinations of long-acting beta agonist and inhaled corticosteroid, while receiving less short-acting beta agonists, antitussives and antibiotics. Striking differences in symptoms and asthma management were observed according to the type of asthma supervision. The current results strongly support the need to improve the management of asthma in primary care, and the coordination of care between general practitioners and specialists. 相似文献
879.
880.
L. Matsuoka T. Shah S. Aswad S. Bunnapradist Y. Cho R. G. Mendez R. Mendez R. Selby 《American journal of transplantation》2006,6(6):1473-1478
The use of expanded criteria donors (ECD) has been proposed to help combat the discrepancy between organ availability and need. ECD kidneys are associated with delayed graft function (DGF) and worse long-term survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pulsatile perfusion (PP) on DGF and graft survival in transplanted ECD kidneys. From January 2000 to December 2003, 4618 ECD kidney-alone transplants were reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing. PP was performed on 912 renal allografts. The prognostic factors of DGF were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Risk factors for reduced allograft viability were greater in donors and recipients of PP kidneys. Three-year graft survival of ECD kidneys preserved with PP was similar to cold storage (CS) kidneys. The incidence of DGF in PP kidneys was significantly lower than CS kidneys (26% vs. 36%, p < 0.001). Despite having a greater number of risk factors for reduced graft viability, the ECD-PP kidneys had similar graft survival compared to ECD-CS kidneys. The use of PP, by decreasing the incidence of DGF, may possibly lead to lower overall costs and increased utilization of donor kidneys. 相似文献