蛋白A免疫吸附在高敏肾移植受者中的应用

目的：研究葡萄球菌蛋白A免疫吸附治疗对群体反应性抗体（PRA）水平的影响。方法：采用SPA吸附系统对8例等待肾移植的高敏患者进行免疫吸附治疗和临床移植观察：结果：治疗前患者PRA在75％以上，经过5～7次吸附治疗，患者PRA明显下降：所有患者都顺利接受移植，术后未发生超急性或急性排斥反应，肾功能得以恢复。结论：对等待肾移植高敏患者而言，蛋白A免疫吸附是一种安全有效的辅助治疗手段。在术前进行吸附并配合良好的护理措施能阻止超排发生并提高移植物的存活率。     

赛尼哌在肾移植术的疗效观察及护理

随着器官移植领域的不断发展 ,免疫抑制剂在移植器官的成活中取得了很大的成功。国际上继抗淋巴细胞球蛋白、鼠源性单克隆抗体应用于临床后 ,美国FDA2 0 0 0年批准人源性单克隆抗体赛尼哌 (Zenapax)应用于肾移植病人。我科2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年 12月开始临床使用新型免疫抑制剂Zenapax35例 ,与同期对照组比较 ,手术后 1个月急性排斥反应发生率及平均血肌酐水平明显降低 ,临床疗效满意。现将观察结果及护理体会报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料使用Zenapax的 35例肾移植患者中 ,男 31例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 2 6～ 6 5岁 ,平均年龄 (38 0 0…     

血浆置换对高致敏肾移植受者的作用效应

2002年1月至2003年3月,我科共为14例高致敏受者行同种异体肾移植手术,除严格按照人类白细胞抗原(HLA)配型选择供受者外,术前均采用血浆置换取得了满意的移植效果。现报告如下。 一、临床资料 1.一般资料 14例高致敏受者均为首次行尸肾移植,供受者ABO血型相同,原发病均为慢性肾小球肾炎、合并肾功能衰竭(尿毒症期)。其中男性     

局部使用瑞替普酶与尿激酶治疗尿毒症患者内瘘血栓效果比较

目的 比较内瘘血栓形成后两种药物的溶栓疗效及相关不良反应.方法 回顾分析我科收治的23例局部应用溶栓药物治疗动静脉内瘘血栓形成患者的资料,根据使用的溶栓药物分为尿激酶组和瑞替普酶组,其中尿激酶组11例,瑞替普酶组12例.比较两种药物溶栓后内瘘再通率及出血发生率等.结果 尿激酶组共溶通4例,溶通率为36.4％;瑞替普酶组共溶通10例,溶通率为83.3％,其中栓塞未超过24小时的溶通率为100％.结论 瑞替普酶溶栓效果优于尿激酶,溶通率更高,溶通时间更短,而二者并发症发生率无显著差异,值得临床推广.     

广西城市社区居民高尿酸血症流行病学调查及其与慢性肾脏病的关系

目的 通过社区人群筛查了解广西城市原住民中高尿酸血症(HUA)的患病率及其与慢性肾脏病(CKD)的关系,并探讨影响HUA肾损害的风险因素.方法 选择桂林市城区原住居民集中的象山社区,对18～75岁居民(n=6 273)采取横断面进行筛查.收集空腹血及晨尿进行血糖、肾功能、血脂、胰岛素和尿蛋白等检测,同时进行问卷调查和体格检查.结果 社区居民中HUA总患病率为23.5%,其中男性HUA患病率显著高于女性(28.4%对19.7%,P＜0.01).社区居民中CKD患病率为21.6%,其中男性居民CKD患病率较女性显著增高(24.9%对19.0%,P＜0.01).在HUA人群中CKD检出率显著高于尿酸正常人群(30.4%对18.9%,P＜0.01).男性HUA人群CKD检出率显著高于同性别正常血尿酸人群(34.3%对21.2%,P＜0.01),也显著高于女性HUA人群(25.9%,P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析发现,CKD仅与收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血糖水平独立相关(P＜0.01).结论 广西城市社区居民中HUA患病率显著增加,与CKD患病率增高有关,且血尿酸轻度增高即增加CKD患病率.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship to chronic kidney disease(CKD) in the residents of Guangxi, and to discuss the risk factors for the hyperuricemia associated renal damage. Methods The residents aged 18-75 years old(n=6 273) in Xiangshan community,Guilin, were screened by means of cross-sectional study. Blood pressure was measured at 8:00-9:00.Fasting blood and urine samples were collected to determine blood glucose, lipid, insulin, creatinine, and urine albumin. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the community residents was 23.5% in all cohort, being significantly higher in male residents than in female(28.4% vs 19.7%,P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 21.6% in all cohort, and was 24.9% in males and 19.0% in females(P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 30.4% and 18.9% respectively in residents with and without hyperuricemia(P＜0.01).The prevalence of CKD in males with hyperuricemia(34.3%) was significantly higher than in males without hyperuricemia(21.2%) and females with hyperuricemia(25.9%, all P＜0.01). CKD was only positively related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure shown by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia markedly increases in the urban residents, which contribute to the raised prevalence of CKD. Slightly elevated blood uric acid level is associated with raised prevalence of CKD.     

不同剂量咪唑立宾在临床肾移植中的应用研究

目的 探讨不同剂量咪唑立宾(MZR)在临床肾移植中的应用效果及其安全性.方法 将206例首次接受肾移植的受者按手术时间排序,以奇偶数将受者列入吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)组,MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组.MMF组受者术后采用MMF+环孢素A(CsA)+泼尼松(Pred)的免疫抑制方案,MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组采用MZR+CsA+Pred的免疫抑制方案;MMF组MMF的用量为1.0g/d,MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组MZR的用量分别为100和200mg/d,3组间CsA和Pred的用法相同.排除失随访受者,MMF组、MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组分别有100、60和30例受者获得完整随访,研究终点为肾移植术后5年.比较各组受者人、肾存活率和排斥反应发生率,以及与药物相关不良反应的发生情况等.结果 MZR Ⅰ组、MZRⅡ组和MMF组受者术后总体存活率分别为88.3%(53/60)、90%(27/30)和88%(88/100),移植肾总体存活率分别为85%(51/60)、86.7%(26/30)和86%(86/100),急性排斥反应发生率分别为10%(6/60)、6.7%(2/30)和9%(9/100),3组间人、肾存活率以及急性排斥反应发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);严重肺部感染发生率分别为3.3%(2/60)、10%(3/30)和15%(15/100),MZRⅠ组显著低于MMF组(P<0.05),而MZRⅡ组与其他两组的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).MZR Ⅰ组和MZRⅡ组发生严重感染者均经治疗后痊愈,而MMF组死亡11例,死亡率为73.3%(11/15).MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组腹泻发生率均显著低于MMF 组(P<0.05),而高尿酸血症发生率均显著高于MMF组(P<0.05).结论 咪唑立宾对预防肾移植后排斥反应是安全、有效的,受者耐受性好,对于免疫功能低下易发生感染的高危人群,以及使用MMF致顽同性腹泻者,可将含咪唑立宾的免疫抑制方案作为首选.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of different doses of mizoribine to prevent rejection after renal transplantation. Methods Sorted by time of operation and odevity, 206 primary kidney transplant recipients were divided into 3 groups, including MMF group, MZR Ⅰ group and MZR Ⅱ group. All recipients in 3 groups were administrated CsA and Pred, combined with mycophenolate mofitile (MMF) in MMF group and mizoribine (MMF) in MZR Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups.The dosage of MMF was 1. 0 g/day, while dosage of MZR in MZR Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups was 100 and 200 mg/day, respectively. There was no difference in usage of cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone (Pred) among 3 groups. 100, 60 and 30 recipients were followed up in MMF, MZR Ⅰ and MZR Ⅱ groups respectively in 5 years. During the follow-up period of 5 years, the incidence of acute rejection, patient/graft survival and adverse effects associated with drugs in three groups were observed. Results The patient/graft survival was 88. 3 % (53/60), 85 % (51/60) in MZR Ⅰ group, 90 % (27/30),86.7 % (26/30) in MZR Ⅱ group, and 88% (88/100), 86% (86/100) in MMF group, respectively (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in incidence of acute rejection among MZR Ⅰ (10 %, 6/60), MZR Ⅱ (6. 7 %, 2/30) and MMF groups (9 %, 9/100). The incidence of severe pulmonary infection in MZR Ⅰ group was 3. 3 % (2/60), and 10 % (3/30) in MZR Ⅱ , and the former was lower than MMF group (15 %, 15/100) significantly. There was significant difference in mortality of severe pulmonary infection between MZR Ⅰ group (0, 0/2) and MMT group (73. 3 %, 11/15). The rate of ACR in MZR Ⅱ group (10 %, 3/30) was lower significantly than MMF group (30 %, 30/100) and MZR Ⅰ group (31.7 %, 19/60). There was significant difference in the incidence of hyperuricacidemia between two MZR groups (30 %, 56. 7 %) and MMF group (10 %)(P<0. 05), while the incidence of diarrhea and myelosuppression was lower significantly in MZR Ⅰ group than in MMF group. Conclusion MZR can prevent acute rejection after kidney transplantation effectively and safely. Immunosuppressive therapy including mizoribine is the best choice especially for high risk group because of susceptibility to infection and those who suffer from tenacious diarrhea owing to the side effect.     

维持性血液透析患者微炎症和胰岛素抵抗与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 为了解维持性血液透析(MHD)患者微炎症状态、胰岛素抵抗及其与动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关系.方法 对101例MHD患者的临床资料进行分析,包括微炎症指标超敏C-反应蛋白、胰岛素抵抗HOMA-IR指数与动脉粥样硬化的关系.结果 动脉硬化组与无动脉硬化组比较,血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白和总胆固醇较低,P ＜0.01;而血糖、胰岛素、HOMA指数和C肽等则高于无动脉硬化组,P＜0.01.动脉硬化组有32.4％的患者有胰岛素抵抗,而无动脉硬化组胰岛素抵抗仅占1.7％,P＜0.01.Logistic回归分析发现,患者年龄、hsCRP和HOMA-IR增高是动脉粥样硬化的独立风险因素,而总胆固醇对动脉粥样硬化有保护作用.结论 MHD患者的年龄、微炎症状态及IR与AS密切相关,应作为降低MHD患者心脑血管并发症的治疗靶点.     

血浆置换器与血液透析器的串联使用法

血液透析（ＨＤ）是救治终末肾病的主要方法之一，而肾移植术前病人则需要充分血透（每周１２ｈ）。血浆置换（ＰＥ）则是应用膜式血浆分离器将血细胞与血浆分离，清除致病物质，包括自身抗体，免疫复合物等，尤其对肾移植术前高敏患者清除淋巴细胞毒抗体为较有效的方法。...     

移植肾功能延迟患者应用扩血管药物的比较观察

我院2003年2月-2005年12月行肾移植术256例,其中有40例肾移植术后出现移植肾功能延迟,在其治疗中我们分别应用前列地尔和阿魏酸钠作为血管扩张剂,对比观察两者临床疗效,并进行护理小结,现报道如下.