Effect of ipratropium bromide on airway and pulmonary muscarinic receptors in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective　To observe the level of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues, and the effect of inhaled ipratropium bromide on these receptors in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods　This model was developed by exposure of rats to 250 ppm SO2 gas, 5?h/d, 5d/wk, for a period of 7 wk. The COPD rats inhaled 0.025% aerosolized iratropium bromide for 20 min, 2 times daily, in an airtight chamber. Muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of normal rats, ipratropium bromide-treated COPD rats and the recovering COPD rats were measured by the radio-ligand binding assay. Results　Airway/lung pathology and pulmonary function tests showed that chronic SO2 exposure caused pathophysiologic changes similar to those observed in human COPD. The density (0.038±0.011, pmol/mg protein) and affinity (Kd, 23±11 pmol/L) of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of COPD rats were not changed compared with those of normal control rats (0.030±0.008 and 29±19, respectively, P>0.05). Densities of the muscarinic receptors were not changed after inhalation of ipratropium bromide for 5 days, but increased significantly after inhalation for 30 days, as compared with those of the untreated COPD rats. The muscarinic receptors returned the normal levels at day 6 after cessation of ipratropium bromide treatment. There were no differences among different groups of rats in equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd). Conclusion　A rat model of COPD with pathophysiologic changes similar to the human counterpart was developed using chronic SO2 exposure. There was no significant change in the number and function of muscarinic receptors in airway and lung tissues of the COPD rats, but upregulation of the muscarinic receptors was observed after long-term inhalation of ipratropium bromide.     

同种原位心脏移植的近远期免疫抑制治疗探讨

目的：探讨同种原位心脏移植术后免疫抑制剂的应用问题,方法：对1例同种原位心脏移植的病人采用环孢素A,硫唑嘌呤,皮质类固醇及OKT3四联疗法进行免疫抑制治疗。结果：心脏移植术后1a6个月未发生明显的急性排异反应。结论;根据临床表现及综合监测调整免疫抑制剂的用量可以有效地抗排异反应。     

右上尖牙巨型钩根畸形1例

巨型钩根畸形,临床很少见,国内未查见有此报道。本报道1例。     

宽带仿生波谱治疗仪对果蝇遗传安全性的检测

宽带仿生波谱治疗仪（简称WSPA）具有改善血液循环、提高机体免疫、调节神经系统及双向调节等功能,它在治疗皮肤、内、外、妇、儿科等疾患方面已取得了良好的疗效。本文运用果蝇伴性隐性致死（SLRL）试验检测其遗传安全性,现将结果报告如下。一、材料与方法WSPA由福建健联医疗保健用品公司提供。果蝇系第二军医大学提供国际标准纯种品系。培养温度为25±1℃。1．毒性试验;WSPA选用强弱两种剂量（220V：410和60V：410）照射装在100目尼龙绳筒内的OregonK新羽化雄蝇100只,距离20cm照射40分钟,观察照射后果蝇24／小时内死亡情况。…     

耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除止血方式的效果观察

前列腺摘除的术式繁多,但如何减少术中、术后出血及避免术后并发症的发生,仍是泌尿外科医师值得重视的问题.我们从1989年至1999年施行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除84例,采取4点至8点间2-0肠线连续交锁缝合止血,同时起缩小腺窝和膀胱颈口的作用,取得了较好的止血效果.1 临床资料1.1 一般资料     

搞好中等卫生职业教育的几点思考

在新形势下,为了寻求改善中等卫生职校办学效益的基本途径,我们必须正视国家的宏观经济形势,把握职业教育的发展趋势,正确认识社会办学招生改革、市场导向等方面对卫生职教办学效益的影响。如何发挥优势、培养不同层次的人才,既满足社会需要,又不浪费人才,如何面向市场,面向基层培养和培训大批适应农村卫生第一线需要的具有高素质的合格人才,是中等卫生职业教育发展面临的一项重要任务。对此,笔者有如下几点思考。１　加强学校领导班子建设,是搞好卫生职教的前提１－１　力求领导班子整体结构科学化科学化的领导班子就是领导群体…     

创伤性膈肌破裂18例诊治体会

随着交通事故、意外伤害的增多,创伤性膈肌破裂的发病率也随之增加,但它常常并有复合伤,表现错综复杂,容易漏诊,造成严重后果。现将我院１９８４－０８～１９９６－０９期间收治创伤性膈肌破裂共１８例报告如下。１　临床资料本组病例,男１４例,女４例。年龄２１～５４岁。闭合性伤１７例,开放性伤１例。合并膀胱破裂４例,骨盆骨折６例,胃损伤２例,小肠损伤６例。１例开放性刀伤患者经胸腹联合切口施肺修补、胰体尾脾切除、胃修补术。其余１７例均采取经腹途径修补膈肌,均痊愈。２　讨论２．１　发生原因　正常深吸气时,胸腹腔…     

EXPERIENCE IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS

Much progress has bcen made iu the surgi- cal treatment of esophageal carcinoma in China as well asl. many other countries in'the past ZO 3rears. With reasonahly early diagnosis, it is withir:ttllo ability of thoracic surgeons today to achieve a resectability rate of 75-85%, an opera- tive mortality rate bclow 5% and a 5-year sur- vival rate of 30-40%" With careful selection of patients for operation and proper use of radia_ tion and other adjunct therapy. oven more encouraging results are rjossible. Efforts for further improvement may be directed toward early diagnosis and refiuemcnt in operative technics, such as the use of microsurgery in re construction of the esophagus and further deve- lopmcnt Olr instrumcnfis for esophagogastrjc anastonwsis.