家兔动脉粥样硬化与血小板源内皮型氧化氮合酶表达的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of atheroselerosis progression and the expression of platelet derived endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rabbits. Methods A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Six of the animals were fed with normal food (control group). Eighteen rabbits were fed with cholesterol-rich food (1 g/d) for 12 weeks to establish the atherosclerosis model. Among 18 models, 6 rabbits were executed immediately and their aorta and platelet samples were collected for further analysis (model group), 6 rabbits were orally administered with pravastatin (10 rag/d) for additional 12 weeks (treated group), and the remaining 6 rabbits were left untreated until the end of the study (untreated group). The control, treated and untreated animals were then killed, and the aorta and platelet samples were collected for eNOS expression analysis (RT-PCR). Results The aorta samples in model and untreated group exhibited rough intima and a lot of longitudinal fatty streaks, which indicated that atherosclerosis models were established successfully. While in treated group, the degree of atherosclerosis was decreased. The average percent of thickness of fatty streaks or atheroselerotic plaques relative to the whole thickness of vessel walls was 0. 04±0. 02, 0. 82±0. 16, 0. 33±0. 18,0. 77±0. 14 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The thickness of fatty streaks or atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased in the model and untreated groups and decreased in treated group compared with the control group (both P<0. 05). The expressions of platelet derived eNOS/mRNA were 1. 02± 0. 28, 0. 41± 0. 27, 1.00 ± 0. 77, 0. 40±0. 29 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The expression of eNOS/mRNA was markedly decreased in model group and untreated group compared with the control group, but was increased in treated group compared with untreated and model groups (F=3. 544, P = 0. 024). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between eNOS expression and atherosclerosis development, which suggests that the reversal effect of pravastatin on atheroselerosis progression and plaque formation may relate to the expression of platelet derived eNOS.     

心脏肌钙蛋白Ⅰ诊断急性心肌梗死的价值

目的：探讨血清心脏肌钙蛋白Ⅰ在急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）中的诊断价值。方法：急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）组患者２０例,不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡ）组３１例,陈旧性心肌梗死（ＯＭＩ）组１１例,危重病患者８７例（非心血管疾病）。ＡＭＩ组患者系列采血测定血清ｃＴｎＩ和ＣＫ－ＭＢ,ＵＡ与ＯＭＩ组,危重患者组均入院后次日晨取血１次。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺康复治疗进展及实践

已证实肺康复能有效地减轻慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的呼吸困难,提高运动耐力和健康相关生活质量。不同严重程度的COPD患者均可从肺康复中受益。其内容主要包括运动锻炼、吸气肌肉训练、营养疗法等,运动锻炼是肺康复的核心内容。近年来,提高肺康复效果的方法有了新发展,主要包括增加运动量、教育管理和心理支持。虽然肺康复传统地应用于稳定期COPD患者,但对于AECOPD患者,感染控制后就可开始早期肺康复。肺康复应当遵循运动量的最大化,并个体化和联合不同方法。     

药物洗脱支架植入后抗血小板治疗对预后的影响

目的观察冠心病患者药物洗脱支架植入后应用抗血小板药物的情况及其与预后的关系。方法调查150例冠心病患者药物洗脱支架植入后应用抗血小板药物的情况,并对主要心脏不良事件进行随访分析。结果平均随访时间(30.3±15.1)个月,术后98.7%患者应用阿司匹林,应用时间平均(19.3±7.2)月;术后99.3%患者应用氯吡格雷,应用时间平均(8.6±4.7)月;随访1年后,阿司匹林及氯吡咯雷应用率分别为88.7%及85.3%,随访2年后,阿司匹林及氯吡咯雷应用率为52.7%及3.3%,随访期间25.3%患者完全停用抗血小板治疗。完全停止抗血小板药物的患者主要心脏不良事件明显增加(18.4%vs4.5%,P0.05)。结论冠心病患者药物洗脱支架植入后长期有效的抗血小板治疗有助于降低主要心脏不良事件。     

葛根素通过PI3K/Akt途径对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的抑制

目的 观察葛根素预处理对缺血再灌注(I/R)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响及其与PI3K/Akt信号通路的关系.方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(SH组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、葛根素预处理组(PU组)、葛根素预处理+LY294002组(PU+ LY组)及缺血再灌注+LY294002组(I/R+ LY组).除假手术组外,其他各组大鼠均行结扎冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注120 min,监测血流动力学,Western印迹法检测心肌组织p-Akt信号蛋白的表达;TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡.结果 与I/R组比较,PU组能够明显改善心功能,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,并增加Akt的磷酸化水平(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 葛根素预处理能够抑制缺血再灌注所致的心肌细胞凋亡,其作用机制与PI3K/Akt信号通路活化有关.     

体外诱导人羊膜间充质干细胞分化为胰岛素分泌细胞

目的 探讨体外诱导人羊膜间充质干细胞(hAD-MSCs)向胰岛素分泌细胞分化潜能.方法 采用胰蛋白酶-胶原酶消化法分离提取hAD-MSCs,流式细胞术分析和免疫细胞化学染色行表型鉴定.取第3代按2.5× 106个/ml或5×105个/ml细胞密度接种6孔培养板或预置盖玻片的24孔培养板,在含10mmol/L尼克酰胺和N2补充物的无血清HG-DMEM培养基培养,未诱导组为含10％胎牛血清的LG-DMEM基础培养基.分别于体外诱导第7、14、21天采用免疫细胞化学法检测胰岛素和β2微球蛋白的表达,采用放射免疫法检测上清液中胰岛素含量,采用RT-PCR检测胰岛素mRNA和胰十二指肠同源异型盒因子1(PDX-1)mRNA的表达.结果 (1)hAD-MSCs高表达间充质干细胞表面标志CD29、CD44、CD73、CD166及波形蛋白;(2) hAD-MSCs诱导第7、14、21天胰岛素阳性细胞百分率分别为74.67％±1.53％、75.00％±1.00％、74.33％±1.53％,培养物上清液中胰岛素含量分别为(331.62±1.76)、(330.50±1.22)和(331.65±0.48) μIU/ml,各时点间比较无显著性差异(均P＞0.05),而未诱导组仍未见胰岛素阳性细胞;培养上清也未检测到胰岛素;(3) hAD-MSCs诱导前后均有PDX-1 mRNA和蛋白表达,胰岛素基因mRNA表达仅见于诱导组;(4) hAD-MSCs诱导组和未诱导组各时点均有β2微球蛋白表达,其阳性细胞百分率组间差异无显著性(均P＞0.05).结论 hAD-MSCs具有向胰岛素分泌细胞分化的能力,可能成为1型糖尿病细胞移植治疗的新的细胞供源.     

家兔动脉粥样硬化与血小板源内皮型氧化氮合酶表达的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of atheroselerosis progression and the expression of platelet derived endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rabbits. Methods A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Six of the animals were fed with normal food (control group). Eighteen rabbits were fed with cholesterol-rich food (1 g/d) for 12 weeks to establish the atherosclerosis model. Among 18 models, 6 rabbits were executed immediately and their aorta and platelet samples were collected for further analysis (model group), 6 rabbits were orally administered with pravastatin (10 rag/d) for additional 12 weeks (treated group), and the remaining 6 rabbits were left untreated until the end of the study (untreated group). The control, treated and untreated animals were then killed, and the aorta and platelet samples were collected for eNOS expression analysis (RT-PCR). Results The aorta samples in model and untreated group exhibited rough intima and a lot of longitudinal fatty streaks, which indicated that atherosclerosis models were established successfully. While in treated group, the degree of atherosclerosis was decreased. The average percent of thickness of fatty streaks or atheroselerotic plaques relative to the whole thickness of vessel walls was 0. 04±0. 02, 0. 82±0. 16, 0. 33±0. 18,0. 77±0. 14 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The thickness of fatty streaks or atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased in the model and untreated groups and decreased in treated group compared with the control group (both P<0. 05). The expressions of platelet derived eNOS/mRNA were 1. 02± 0. 28, 0. 41± 0. 27, 1.00 ± 0. 77, 0. 40±0. 29 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The expression of eNOS/mRNA was markedly decreased in model group and untreated group compared with the control group, but was increased in treated group compared with untreated and model groups (F=3. 544, P = 0. 024). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between eNOS expression and atherosclerosis development, which suggests that the reversal effect of pravastatin on atheroselerosis progression and plaque formation may relate to the expression of platelet derived eNOS.     

肿瘤科护士情绪智力与压力应对方式的调查研究

目的:了解肿瘤科护士情绪智力水平与压力应对方式的现状,探讨情绪智力与压力应对方式的相关性,为提高护士情绪智力与压力应对方式提供依据。方法:采用情绪智力测量量表(WLEIS)及简易应对方式问卷,对358名肿瘤科护士情绪智力及压力应对方式进行测量,用相关系数与回归模型探讨二者的关系。结果:肿瘤科护士情绪智力总均分为(5.12±0.45)分,积极应对方式总均分为(2.90±0.43)分,消极应对方式总均分为(1.62±0.57)分;情绪智力水平不受人口学变量的影响,而不同年龄、护龄与职称的护士,积极应对方式得分有统计学意义(P<0.05)。情绪智力各维度与积极应对方式呈显著正相关关系,而与消极应对方式存在显著负相关关系。自我情绪运用较强的护士,容易采取积极应对方式,而他人情绪评估较差的护士,容易采取消极应对方式。结论:肿瘤科护士情绪智力与积极应对水平较高。情绪智力对肿瘤科护士职业压力有不同预测作用。护理管理者应注重护士情绪智力的培养,提高与他人的沟通能力,在遇到压力时采取积极的应对方式。     

双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺法测定饮用水中的Cr6+研究

目的 研究生活饮用水中双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺铬配合物紫外定量技术.方法 水杨醛和邻苯二胺溶于甲醇,在冷水浴中搅拌加入无水乙醇得橙红色晶体-双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺.通过测量强酸(5.0 mol/L H2S04)环境下双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺与六价金属铬(Cr6+)形成的配合物的紫外吸收光谱,对样品中的铬离子进行定量研究.结果 双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺铬配合物溶液在波长478 nm有最大吸收,且浓度与吸收值呈线性关系,化合物稳定,同时该方法其他元素对实验结果基本没有影响.结论 该方法可以用于饮用水中Cr6+的测定.     

Leininger跨文化照护理论应用于产科护理人员的效果

目的通过培训与实践,让护理人员理解与应用Leininger跨文化照护理论。方法选择本区3所二级医院的40名产科护理人员进行培训,对培训前后的护理人员用“Leininger跨文化照护理论”的问卷进行调查。结果40名护士培训前对Leininger跨文化照护理论方面的认知、理解与应用总体情况得分为（30．91±14．59）分,培训后为（51．30±7．71）分,两组比较差异为（t=7．81,P〈0．05）;对照组孕产妇对围产期保健知识需求得分为（15．30±2．72）分,实验组为（13．2±4．00）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=2．10,P〈0．05）。结论Leininger跨文化照护理论在护理人员中通过培训与实践能使其理解与应用。