超声心动图在经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声心动图评价经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂疗效的应用价值.方法 对11例行经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂患者的超声心动图进行回顾分析.评价术前窦瘤破口的位置、形态、大小等,术中监测封堵器置入,术后随访评价其疗效.结果 11例患者术前超声诊断均为单纯主动脉窦瘤破裂,超声测得破口直径2～13 mm.11例患者均封堵成功,10例采用动脉导管封堵器,型号较破口直径大约1～5 mm.3例患者术后即刻少量残余分流于术后1月内复查消失,其中1例患者术后32月随访时再次出现少量残余分流;所有患者未见主动脉瓣反流加重等并发症.结论 经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂是治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂安全有效的方法,远期疗效需进一步观察,超声心动图在其中发挥重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the value of echocardiography in transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm(TC-RSVA).Methods TC-RSVA was attempted in 11 patients.The location,shape,size of defects and its relationship with the neighbor structures were revealed before the procedure.Then the deployment of occluder was monitored during the procedure,and the effectiveness was observed in the follow-up.Results Eleven patients were diagnosed as the isolated RSVA by echocardiography.The size of defects was 2 - 13 mm estimated by echo.The procedures were successful in all patients.Usually the Amplatzer duct occluders were chosen to be 1 to 5 mm larger than the size of defects.Three patients had mild residual shunt during the procedure,which all dispeared in the first month of follow-up,but one of them demonstrated recurrent mild residual shunt in the 32nd month of follow-up.There was no aggravating aortic regurgitation in the follow-up.Conclusions TC-RSVA is relatively safe and effective.Observation of long-term effectiveness is still necessary.Echocardiagraphy plays an important role in TC-RSVA.     

肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者经皮腔内室间隔心肌消融术围术期心电图变化

目的 探讨肥厚梗阻型心肌病(HOCM)患者经皮腔内室间隔心肌消融术(PTSMA)前后心电图变化的特点及其临床意义.方法 48例 HOCM 患者行 PTSMA,手术前后记录常规心电图和24 h动态心电图,观察QRS波群、sT-T、心律失常和心率变异性等变化特点,分析心电图改变的特征及与心肌肥厚部位、程度和左心室流出道压...     

人类基因组与人类病毒性传染病

1　人类基因组计划概述1 986年 3月 ,人类基因组计划的始作俑者———达尔贝克 (Ｄｕｌｂｅｃｃｏ,Ｒ)在《科学》杂志上发表了一篇文章“癌症研究的转折点—人类基因组的全序列分析”一文 ,提出了分析人类基因组的全序列这一大胆的设想。一石激起千层浪 ,美国国内生物学家们展开了激烈的争论 ,最终导致了 1 990年 1 0月美国国会批准正式启动人类基因组计划。其后 ,德国、日本、英国、法国、中国等国家的科学家也加入了这项计划。 2 0 0 0年 6月 2 6日 ,参与人类基因组计划的 6个国家政府和科学家以不同的方式宣布 ,人类基因组草图绘制成功。…     

冠状动脉肺动脉瘘的介入治疗

目的分析冠状动脉肺动脉瘘(coronary-pulmonary artery fistula,CPAF)介入治疗的方法和疗效。方法选取2016年12月至2017年8月,6例在本中心就诊的CPAF患者,其中,男性2例,女性4例。年龄(61.5±5.9)岁。通过体格检查、胸片、超声心动图、心电图及冠状动脉造影明确诊断,在本中心对其CPAF进行介入治疗。术后随访(5.5±2.8)个月。结果 6例患者中单发CPAF 2例,多发CPAF 4例,累及左冠状动脉及右冠状动脉均为5例,伴动脉瘤形成4例。6例患者中3例经桡动脉行介入治疗,3例经股动脉途径行介入治疗,共使用Boston Scientific可解脱带纤维毛弹簧圈19枚,弹簧圈直径(7.0±3.3)mm,弹簧圈长度(15.5±9.1)cm。6例患者靶血管均栓塞成功,无残余分流。随访期内无严重并发症。结论使用可解脱带纤维毛弹簧圈栓塞CPAF安全、有效,提高了CPAF的介入治疗成功率。     

原发性扩张型心肌病心肌灌注显像与心脏磁共振延迟增强成像的对比研究

目的对原发性扩张型心肌病（IDCM）患者进行静息MPI和心脏磁共振延迟增强成像（DE—MRI）的对比分析,探讨2种诊断方法不同图像特征之间的对应关系。方法40例确诊为IDCM的住院患者,均行99Tcm-MIBI静息MPI和DE-MRI,间隔不超过7d。静息心肌灌注图像分为2种特征：弥漫性放射性减低和节段性放射性减低或缺损;DE—MRI分为4种类型：（1）无延迟强化;（2）壁间延迟强化;（3）内膜下延迟强化;（4）透壁性延迟强化。两样本率的比较采用,检验。结果在40例患者的静息MPI中,心肌放射性分布呈弥漫性减低19例（47．5％）,呈节段性减低或缺损21例（52．5％）;两者DE-MRI延迟强化的发生率分别为26．3％（5／19）与85．7％（18／21）,差异有统计学意义（X2=14．401,P〈0．001）。对18例节段性放射性异常和延迟强化的患者按心肌节段分析,灌注正常、灌注减低与灌注缺失3组DE—MRI分型构成分别为112：35：2：5,98：23：7：1,13：0：5：5,其中正常组与缺失组、减低组与缺失组之间差异有统计学意义（,值为29．183与25．110,P均〈0．001）。结论IDCM患者MPI既可以表现为典型的弥漫性放射性减低,也可表现为节段性放射性减低或缺损,后者DE—MRI出现延迟强化的比例较高。     

MRI对急性心肌梗死后不同心脏状态下干细胞移植后体内再分布与疗效评价的动物实验研究

目的 探讨MRI在研究停跳与不停跳两种心脏状态下,经猪心肌梗死模型心肌注射骨髓间充质干细胞后全身各主要脏器(心、肝、脾、肾)干细胞的早期再分布及疗效评价中的应用价值.方法 干细胞提取自雄性猪并用超顺磁性氧化铁标记.雌性猪制成急性心肌梗死模型7 d后数字表随机方法分为4组.第1组为心脏停跳细胞注射组(6只),体外循环后心脏停跳,超顺磁性氧化铁标记的干细胞(1×108)经心肌注入心肌梗死周边区.第2组为不停跳心脏细胞注射组(6只),相同的细胞在心脏跳动下经心肌注入心肌梗死周边区.第3组停跳心脏对照组(6只)和第4组不停跳心脏对照组(6只)中,相同剂量的生理盐水分别在停跳和不停跳状态下经心肌注入心肌梗死周边区.3 d后,行MR T2*WI示踪和心功能检查.并取动物心、肝、脾、肺、肾的标本,用实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测雄性细胞特异性的性别决定区域(SRY)基因定量检查.统计学分析采用方差分析和t检验.结果 第1～4组术前左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)分别为(56.8±5.3)、(54.8±6.8)、(57.4±4.3)和(56.8±2.8) ml,术后LVEDV分别为(65.2±5.2)、(63.2±3.7)、(60.2±4.7)和(62.2±4.4) ml,术前左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)分别为(33.5±7.6)、(32.3±5.3)、(33.5±3.6)和(32.7±4.6) ml,术后LVESV分别为(37.3±5.6)、(36.3±6.9)、(34.3±5.4)和(36.3±8.1) ml;术前左心室射血分数值(LVEF)分别为(42.3±7.2)%、(41.7±6.8)%、(41.8±8.6)%和(42.7±7.7)%,术后LVEF分别为(44.5±8.7)%、(43.1±7.4)%、(42.8±5.6)%和(43.3±8.4)%;术前心肌梗死面积(MI)分别为(6.5±2.1)、(6.4±1.9)、(6.5±2.5)和(6.4±2.6) cm2,术后MI分别为(6.4±2.3)、(6.2±2.6)、(6.3±2.5)和(6.4±2.8) cm2,差异均无统计学意义(术前P值均＞0.05,F值分别为0.277、0.066、0.066、0.003;术后P值均＞0.05,F值分别为1.137、0.182、0.021及0.008).心脏中第1组较第2组T2*降低显著[(-22.3±2.2)和(-17.0±0.8) ms,t=-5.489,P＜0.01],而脾脏中第2组较第1组T2*值降低显著[(-7.7±0.7)和(-13.3±1.1) ms,t=9.055,P＜0.01],在肝脏及肾脏2组差异无统计学意义(肝脏t=-0.532,P>0.05,肾脏t=-0.113,P>0.05).SRY基因和qRT-PCR结果,第1组及第2组心脏[(150±62)和(72±4) U/L]、脾脏[(131±1)和(233±17) U/L]及肝脏[(17±1)和(9±5) U/L]差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05,t值分别为3.109、-13.286及3.492),病理学检查可以见移植细胞呈普鲁士蓝染色阳性,与MRI有很好的一致性.结论 干细胞氧化铁颗粒标记后,MRI可以作为方便而有效的手段在移植早期活体示踪干细胞,评价其在体内的分布情况.在心脏停跳状态下经心肌注射骨髓间充质干细胞将更有利于细胞在心脏的滞留.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MRI for assessment of re-distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells injected intramyocardially in main organs (heart, liver, spleen and kidney) under different heart status (beating or arresting) in a porcine model. Methods Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the male swine and labeled with iron oxide during culture. Acute myocardial infarction was created in female swine, one week later, the survivors were randomly divided into 4 groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass was set up to arrest the heart, and then labeled cells (1×108) were intramyocardially injected into the border of the infracted myocardium in group 1 (n=6). The same volume of cells was grafted into the beating heart in group 2 (n=6). In group 3 and 4, saline was injected into either the arresting or beating myocardium. Three days later, re-distribution of stem cells and cardiac function were assessed by T2*WI and cine MRI, respectively. All animals were sacrificed for histology and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of sex-determining region on Y-chromosome (SRY) investigation.The ANOVA and t test was used for statistics. Results The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (56.8±5.3),(54.8±6.8),(57.4±4.3)and(56.8±2.8) ml, and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (65.2±5.2),(63.2±3.7),(60.2±4.7)and(62.2±4.4) ml. The left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (33.5±7.6),(32.3±5.3),(33.5±3.6)and(32.7±4.6) ml,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (37.3±5.6),(36.3±6.9),(34.3±5.4)and(36.3±8.1) ml. The left ventricular EF values (LVEF) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (42.3±7.2)%,(41.7±6.8)%,(41.8±8.6)% and(42.7±7.7)%,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (44.5±8.7)%,(43.1±7.4)%,(42.8±5.6)% and(43.3±8.4)%. The myocardial infarction area (MI) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (6.5±2.1),(6.4±1.9),(6.5±2.5)and(6.4±2.6) cm2,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (6.4±2.3),(6.2±2.6),(6.3±2.5)and(6.4±2.8) cm2 . There were no statistical differences before and after transplantation in these 4 groups[P values of before and after transplantation for LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF,MI were >0.05 (F= 0.277, 0.066,0.066, 0.003); and >0.05 (F= 1.137,0.182,0.021,0.008),respectively]. The T2 value of the infracted myocardium in group 1 decreased more obviously than that in group 2[(-22.3 ± 2.2) vs (-17.0 ± 0.8) ms, t=-5.489, P＜0.01], while the T2 value of the spleen decreased more significantly in group 2 than that in group 1[(-7.7 ± 0.7) vs (-13.3 ± 1.1) ms,t=9.055, P＜0.01]. The T2 values of the liver and kidney were no significant differences in group 1 and 2 (liver, t=-0.532,P>0.05 and kidney, t=-0.113,P>0.05). The results of RT-PCR in group 1 and 2 showed significant differences in heart[(150±62) vs (72±4) U/L ,P<0.05, t=3.109], spleen[(131±1) vs (233±17) U/L, P＜0.01, t=- 13.286]and liver[(17±1) vs (9±5) U/L ,P<0.01,t= 3.492]. Pathological examination demonstrated that the transplanted stem cells were positive for Prussian blue staining, which had a good correlation with MRI results. Conclusion MRI can serve as a convenient and efficient imaging method to track the migration of stem cells with SPIO labeled in early stage and evaluate its early re-distribution in vivo. Injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the arresting heart could favor retaining more cells in the myocardium.     

流感病毒感染中NP蛋白的核转运

流感病毒NP蛋白在流感病毒感染中起到重要的作用,NP是vRNP(ribonucleoprotein,RNP,核糖核蛋白颗粒)的骨架结构,参与RNA的转录.它在细胞浆中合成,被转运到细胞核中组装成vRNP,然后被转运出细胞核进入细胞浆进行病毒颗粒的组装.本文就NP蛋白的核转运机制作一综述.     

中老年继发孔型房间隔缺损经导管封堵术后左、右心功能变化

目的:探讨中老年继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)经导管封堵术后左、右心功能变化。方法:观察269例接受封堵治疗的40岁以上ASD患者术前和术后X线胸片、经胸超声心动图(TTE)和心电图变化。另选择同期30例健康查体的相同年龄和性别构成比对象作为超声指标的正常对照。结果:全组缺损TTE最大径平均17．7±5．3(5～30)mm,选用封堵器直径平均27．5±6．0(13～40)mm。心功能术后1天较术前、术后1个月较术后1天改善,有显著性差异(P<0．05～0．001)。心胸比率术后1天较术前、术后6个月较术后1个月缩小,有显著性差异(P<0．05～0．001)。心电图:右心房高负荷率、RV1+SV5、QRS间期、右束支传导阻滞比率术后1天较术前、术后1个月较术后1天,均有显著性差异(P<0．05～0．001)。超声心动图:右心室前后径,术后1天较术前、术后1个月较术后1天、术后6个月较术后1个月缩小,均有极显著性差异(P<0．01～0．001);主肺动脉内径术后1天较术前缩小,但术后6个月仍高于正常对照,有极显著性差异(P<0．001)。三尖瓣反流程度分级术后1天较术前、术后1个月较术后1天,均有显著性差异(P<0．05～0．001)。左心房前后径术前、术后无显著性变化。左心室舒张末期内径术后1天较术前、术后1个月较术后1天、术后6个月较术后1个月增加,均有极显著性差异(P<0．01～0．001),左心室射血分数术后1天较术前增加,有极显著性差异(P<0．001)。结论:封堵治疗能够有效降低中老年ASD右心内径和肺动脉收缩压,增加左心室内径,改善左心室收缩功能和心室电传导。近中期疗效满意,远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

先天性左冠状动脉主干闭锁的Revolution CT诊断

目的探讨Revolution CT对先天性左冠状动脉主干闭锁的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2012年2月至2019年3月我院收治的6例先天性左冠状动脉主干闭锁患者的资料,男女各3例;年龄10个月至48岁,体重7.7~55 kg。采用GE公司Revolution CT扫描仪进行前瞻单心跳收缩期(45%~50%)扫描成像。5例婴幼儿于基础麻醉及自由呼吸状态下行冠状动脉扫描,1例成人患者在清醒状态及屏气条件下进行检查。所有CT图像均由放射影像科2名具有5年以上心血管影像阅片经验的医师在AW4.6工作站进行阅读和评估。诊断结果与心血管造影结果作对比。结果Revolution CT成像显示所有患者右冠状动脉均开口于主动脉右冠状动脉窦,5例患者诊断为先天性左冠状动脉主干闭锁,1例患儿可疑左冠脉主干开口闭锁或狭窄。所有患者左心房室均有扩大,2例患者二尖瓣下腱索走行区可见钙化。3例患者行手术治疗并证实为左冠脉主干闭锁,其中2例婴幼儿患者左主干开口及近段闭锁,1例成人患者左主干开口闭锁。结论Revolution CT检查可在低辐射剂量条件下显示冠状动脉及心脏的病理解剖学信息,对绝大多数的先天性左冠脉主干闭锁患者可做出明确诊断。     

经导管封堵治疗成人动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压的疗效评价

目的评估经导管封堵治疗成人动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压(PH)的即刻和短期疗效。方法应用Amplatzer PDA封堵伞和国产封堵器对28例患者进行试封堵,术后1d、1、3和6个月复查X线胸片、心电图和超声心动图。结果20例封堵有效,释放封堵伞,8例封堵无效收回封堵伞。在20例有效封堵组中,PDA最窄直径为(10.4±2.7)mm,所选择的封堵伞肺动脉端直径为(15.6±3.2)mm。吸氧前后股动脉血氧饱和度分别为(93.5±1.8)%、(98.2±1.8)%(P<0.01)。封堵前后肺动脉收缩压分别为(95.5±24.1)、(56.3±18.3)mm Hg(1mm Hg=1.33kPa)(P<0.01);肺动脉平均压分别为(70.8±18.2)、(41.0±13.8)mm Hg(P<0.01)。6个月后复查超声心动图示左房、左室和主肺动脉直径明显缩小,仅1例例外;X线胸片示肺血有所减轻、心脏缩小,心胸比率从(59.2±6.6)%减少到(54.2±3.3)%(P<0.01)。8例放弃封堵者,4例临床可见明显分界性紫绀,封堵前后肺动脉收缩压分别为(110.3±13.9)、(139.5±20.0)mm Hg(P<0.01);主动脉收缩压分别为(116.0±20.2)、(106.3±16.9)mm Hg(P<0.05)。其余4例患者2例试封堵后残存大量分流,2例出现头晕和胸闷等症状。结论经导管封堵合并重度肺动脉高压的成人PDA是一种安全有效的理想方法。