前列腺素E1在老年患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的探讨前列腺素E1（PGE1）对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）后患者的作用，以确定其疗效。方法选取我科2005年10-12月行OPCAB的老年患者40例，随机分为两组，每组20例。对照组患者接受常规治疗；PGE1组患者在返回ICU后静脉持续泵人PGE1制剂（剂量为5～20ng／kg·min），维持24-48h。于术后不同时间点监测心脏指数、体循环阻力、肺血管阻力等血流动力学指标，测量红细胞压积、凝血指数、动脉血氧分压、血清肌酐（Cr）及尿素氮（BUN）等指标，并进行比较。结果PGE1组患者术后体循环阻力和肺血管阻力均较对照组明显下降（P〈0．05），而心脏指数则显著升高（P〈0．05）。两组患者术后红细胞压积均下降，凝血功能术后当天下降、术后第1d升高，但PGE1组高凝状态较对照组明显减轻（P〈0．05）；术后两组患者的Cr和BUN水平均较术前升高，但PGE1组较对照组含量低（P〈0．05）。结论PGE1在OPCAB患者术后恢复中发挥了有益的作用。     

慢性肺动脉栓塞的诊断和手术治疗(附3例报告)

目的 探讨慢性肺动脉栓塞的诊断和外科治疗方法及疗效。方法 1999年11月于2000年4月对3例确诊为慢性肺动脉栓塞的病人,在低温体外循环或间断深低温停循环下,行血栓清除和内膜剥膜术治疗。结果 3例无死亡,无严重并发症。随访3－6个月,效果满意。结论 肺动脉切开取栓并行内膜剥脱,对慢性肺动脉栓塞病人是行之有效的外科治疗方法。     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

静脉注射地尔硫卓治疗心脏术后高血压危象

目的观察静脉注射地尔硫卓治疗心脏术后高血压危象的疗效与安全性。方法应用地尔硫卓治疗心脏术后发生高血压危象的患者26例,非体外冠状动脉旁路移植术13例,胸主动脉手术6例,主动脉瓣置换术6例,部分肺静脉异位连接矫治1例。给药方法为起始剂量地尔硫卓10μg·kg-1·min-1静脉滴注,然后根据患者血压情况进行调整,观察用药前后血压(BP)、心率(HR)以及心率与收缩压乘积(RPP)等指标的变化。结果应用地尔硫卓10min后全部患者的BP、HR及RPP即明显下降(P<0.01),并于用药后2h达到相对稳定的状态,随心率、血压的下降,地尔硫卓用量也明显减少。治疗期间仅1例患者用药2h后因出现窦性心动过缓(55次/min)而停用地尔硫卓,其他患者无低血压、心动过缓等不良反应发生。结论静脉注射地尔硫卓治疗心脏术后高血压危象起效迅速、降压效果显著且平稳,治疗剂量未见明显不良反应。     

3703例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结13年来开展非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的临床经验.方法 1996年10月至2008年12月接受OPCAB手术病人3703例,对病人例数变化、年龄及比例、旁路血管移植支数、同期采用术式、预后、并发症发生情况、OPCAB移植血管应用情况等指标进行总结.另外,将病人按年龄分成<45岁、45～60岁、60～75岁及>75岁4组,记录并分析各组乳内动脉应用情况、旁路血管的支数及构成.结果 病人平均每例移植旁路血管(3.3±0.8)支.OPCAB手术的病人数量与比例逐年上升,而左乳内动脉的使用和动静脉混合方式旁路移植占据绝对优势(P<0.05).术后死亡26例(0.7%),病死率逐渐下降.结论 采用切实、可行的外科处理策略、完善的围术期管理结合多项适应病情变化改进与创新的OPCAB术式,使得OPCAB的适应证不断扩大、治愈率逐年提高.     

A型主动脉夹层手术后早期并发症分析

目的:分析A型主动脉夹层手术后早期并发症发病情况,探讨与住院病死率的相关性,为制定预防和治疗措施提供依据。方法:2009年2月至2010年10月在我院行主动脉替换术的A型主动脉夹层患者252例的手术资料。手术方案依据细化分型原则制定。根据主动脉根部病变程度分为3型:A1主动脉窦部正常型;A2主动脉窦部轻度受累型;A3主动脉窦部重度受累型。根据主动脉弓部病变分为2型:S型单纯型;C型复杂型。C型采用主动脉弓替换加支架象鼻(孙氏手术)处理。结果:252例患者,平均年龄47岁,男性193例,女性59例。急性夹层187例(发病<2 w),慢性夹层65例。A1S型8例,A2S型7例,A3S型8例,A1C型42例,A2C型90例,A3C型97例。术后早期并发症包括吻合口出血(8例,3.2%);肝功能不全(8例,3.2%);肾功能衰竭(16例,6.3%);急性呼吸功能不全(32例,12.7%);神经系统并发症(37例,14.7%),包括脑部并发症一过性脑功能紊乱(29例,11.5%)、脑梗死(3例,1.2%)和脊髓损伤(5例,2.0%);住院死亡(16例,6.3%)。住院死亡组除吻合口出血外,其余术后并发症的发病率均明显高于非住院死亡组(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示脊髓损伤,肾衰竭和肝功能不全是住院死亡的危险因素。结论:A3C型是A型主动脉夹层细化分型的主要类型。术后早期神经系统并发症最为常见。住院病死率与术后早期并发症发病率明显相关,其中脊髓损伤,肾功能衰竭和肝功能不全是导致住院死亡的独立危险因素。     

A型主动脉夹层手术后发生呼吸功能不全的危险因素分析

目的 分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术后病人发生急性呼吸功能不全(ARD)的相关危险因素,为制定预防和治疗措施提供依据.方法 2009年2月至2010年10月在深低温(鼻温降至18℃)停循环下行主动脉替换术的A型主动脉夹层病例252例,其中男193例,女59例;平均年龄(47±11)岁.术前诊断急性A型夹层1...     

体外膜肺氧合辅助后高胆红素血症的临床意义

Objective The incidence of post-operative hyperbilimbinemia, which is associated with poor outcomes in patients, was reported to be increased in recent years though it has been a rare complication for cardiac operations. Post-opera-tive impairment of liver function is highlighted. We evaluated the incidence and prognosis of post-operative hyperbiliruhinemia in adult patients who underwent cardiotomy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods Sixty-five adult patients who had received ECMO support after cardiac surgery from 2004 to 2008 were enrolled and evaluated retrospec-tively. Post-oporative hypethilirubinemia was defined as the serum level of the total bilirubin more than 51.3 μmol/L during postoperative period. Demographic and clinical data included gender, age, types of surgery, perioperative hemodynamic param-eters, biochemical variables, duration of the ventilation support, ICU stay and outcomes. Results The mean age of the pa-tients was (50.1 ± 13.9) years, forty-six patients(70.8%) were male. The main cardiac procedures were heart transplanta-tion for 9 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operations for 47 patients, congenital heart disease correction for 4 patients and other operations for 5 patients. Among all patients, fifty-one patients(78.5%) were weaned from ECMO succeas-fully and thirty-thrce patients were discharged from hospital. The overall mortality rate was 49.2%. Overall incidence of post-operative hyperbilirubinemia was 55.4%. In patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia, the mean peak value for serum to-tal bilirubin was 104.8 (68.5-156.7) μmol/l. The hospital mortality in the hyperbilirubinemia group was significantly higher than that in the non-hyperbilirubinemia group(66.7% vs. 27.6%, P <0.01). Moreover, postoperative hypethilirubinemia (adds ratio = 3. 895, 95% confidence interval, 1.088 - 13.947 ; P = 0.037) and SOFA score (odds ratio = 1.214, 95% confidence interval, 0.987 - 1.494, P = 0.047) and APACHE Ⅲ score (odds ratio = 1.096, 95% confidence interval, 1.028 - 1.169 ; P = 0.004) were associated with hospital mortality after adjusting for preoperative levels of the total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, gender and age. Conclusion Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is one of the complications in adult patients who undergo cardiotomy with ECMO support, and is associated with increased hospital mortality.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后评分系统的初步探讨

目的 探讨适合冠状动脉旁路移植术后的风险评估系统.方法 2007年10月至2008年4月,对1028例心脏外科监护室收治的行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)病人,采用多器官衰竭评分系统(MODS)、序贯衰竭评分系统(SOFA),以及自行制定心脏外科术后评分系统(PSCS)进行评分,比较3个系统对心脏手术后死亡风险评估的敏感性和特异性.结果 在判别分析中,分别比较3个系统当日分值、最大分值、3日内最大分值、第3日与第1日分值差值的ROC曲线下面积,MODS系统分别为0.602、0.847、0.838、0.767,SOFA系统分别为0.571、0.830、0.814、0.779,PSCS系统分别为0.821、0.929、0.919、0.780,各时段PSCS系统的ROC曲线下面积均大于MODS和SOFA系统.在校正分析中,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度分析,分别比较3个系统x2值、P值、总体正确率.上述3个数值MODS系统分别为6.763、0.454、98.1%,SOFA系统分别为4.101、0.848、98.0%,PSCS系统为1.687、0.975、98.3%.结论 PSCS系统在CABG术后死亡风险评估的敏感性和特异性优于MODS和SOFA系统.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.