成人左肾静脉压迫综合征并IgA肾病三例

３例均为女性，年龄１９－３２岁，起病时均有感冒或劳累后发现尿色变深、肉眼血尿；尿常规检查发现蛋白尿、血尿。病史从１个月到７年。体检 均为瘦长体型，心、肺、腹无异常，无水肿。尿常规：蛋白（－）－（３＋），ＲＢＣ（－）～（３＋），ＷＢＣ（－）。３例尿 ＲＢＣ位相镜：正形 ＲＢＣ ６８ ０００／ｍｌ，２５ ０００／ｍｌ，６１２ ５００／ｍｌ；畸形ＲＢＣ ５５ ８００／ｍｌ，１９ ５００／ｍｌ，５４５０００／ｍｌ，畸形／正形比：８０％，７８％，８９％。尿蛋白圆盘电泳均为中、大分子蛋白尿。ＡＮＡ（－），ｄｓ－ＤＮＡ…     

老年患者的合理用药问题

对老年患者应如何合理用药,这是临床医师十分关注的重要问题之一。这是由于老年人药物不良反应(ａｄｖｅｒｓｅｄｒｕｇｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ,ＡＤＲ)相当常见,不仅发生率高,而且ＡＤＲ的表现要比非老年人重。据报道,目前老年人口约占总人口的12%～15%,而老年ＡＤＲ则占这些不良反应总数的25%～30%;另一研究报道表明,老年人中发生过ＡＤＲ者占36%～40%(年龄60～79岁);而非老年成人中发生过ＡＤＲ者仅占26%(年龄20～59岁),可见老年人ＡＤＲ发生率明显高于非老年人。据报道,老年患者ＡＤＲ增多的原因,主要与老年体内药代动力学(ｐｈａｒｍａｃｏ…     

Inhibitory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on transforming growth factor β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HK2 cells and its relationship with connective tissue growth factor and PI3K-Akt pathway

Objective To examine the relationship of the inhibitory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β1 in HK2 cells with the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and PI3K-Akt pathway. Methods The cultured HK2 cells were divided into the following groups: normal control group, TGF-β1 (5 μg/L) group, VEGF (100 μg/L) group, TGF-β1 plus VEGF group. LY294002 (25 μmol/L), the blocker of PI3K-Akt pathway, was added to each of above-mentioned groups for the second part of the study, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin expressions of HK2 cells were assessed with double-stain immunocytochemistry method. The mRNA and protein expressions of α-SMA and CTGF of cells were assessed with RT-PCR and Western blot. The expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) in medium were assessed with ELISA. Results The expressions of α-SMA and CTGF significantly increased in HK2 cells treated with TGF-β1 compared with those in normal control (P<0.05), while significantly decreased in cells co-treated with TGF-β1 and VEGF compared with those treated with TGF-β1 alone (P<0.05, respectively). The expression of E-cadherin was exactly opposite to that of α-SMA. When LY294002 was added to TGF-β1 and VEGF co-treated cells, the expressions of α-SMA, CTGF, FN and Col Ⅰ were markedly up-regulated, when compared with those without LY294002 treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Inhibitory effect of VEGF on TGF-β1-induced EMT of HK2 ceils in vitro may be related to down-regulation of CTGF expression and reduction of FN and Col Ⅰ, which may be partly dependent on PI3K-Akt pathway.     

影响氨基糖甙类抗生素肾毒作用的因素

 氨基糖甙类抗生素的肾脏毒性作用可以受到许多因素的影响而发生变化。这些因素主要可分为“与药物有关”和“与病人有关”两类。与药物有关的因素包括：氨基糖甙类分子的结构和离子电荷数，按基糖甙类的治疗剂量、疗程和给药方法，以及同时应用其它药物的作用等。老年，过去患有肾脏疾病，肝肾综合征，血容量不足和（或）钠摄入不足，低钾血症，其它电解质紊乱及某些激素的代谢异常对氨基糖甙类肾毒作用也有其重要影响。     

糖尿病患者伴发非糖尿病性肾小球病变的临床特点与处理原则

糖尿病患者可伴发非糖尿病性肾小球病变。对于糖尿病史不足10年，出现明显镜下血尿，突然大量蛋白尿，急性肾功能衰竭而无糖尿病视网膜病变者，可行肾穿刺活检明确诊断，指导激素或免疫抑制剂的治疗。     

无力型肾性骨病发病增多:一个应当引起重视的问题

众所周知,几乎所有终末期肾功能衰竭患者都伴随着代谢性骨病。此类骨病,在二十世纪三十年代的个案报告中被称为“肾性佝偻病”(renal rick-ets);而十年后,经过两位中国内分泌专家刘士豪、朱宪彝的系统研究,则将其称为“肾性骨营养不良”(renal osteodystrophy)(Medicine,1943;2:103-161),并一直沿用至今,目前一般简称“肾性骨病”(renal bone disease)。肾性骨病对慢性肾衰病人的     

应用重组人红细胞生成素注射液(宁红欣)治疗肾性贫血的多中心临床试验报告

目的 为进一步验证重组人红细胞生成素注射液(宁红欣)对肾性贫血的疗效,并观察可能出现的不良反应。方法 我们组织69家医院对1115例慢性肾衰肾性贫血患者进行了多中心临床研究,采用自身对照,应用皮下及静脉方式给药进行治疗。结果 完成试验疗程者共1079例,其中显效734例(68％);有效303例(28.1％);无效42例(3.89％);总有效率为96.1％。36例患者中途退出试验。宁红欣主要不良反应有血压升高、头痛等,多数不需停药即可好转。未发现严重不良反应。非透析治疗病例用药期间未见肾功能明显变化。结论 宁红欣治疗肾性贫血安全、有效,与Ⅱ期临床试验结果相似。     

Inhibitory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on transforming growth factor β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HK2 cells and its relationship with connective tissue growth factor and PI3K-Akt pathway

Objective To examine the relationship of the inhibitory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β1 in HK2 cells with the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and PI3K-Akt pathway. Methods The cultured HK2 cells were divided into the following groups: normal control group, TGF-β1 (5 μg/L) group, VEGF (100 μg/L) group, TGF-β1 plus VEGF group. LY294002 (25 μmol/L), the blocker of PI3K-Akt pathway, was added to each of above-mentioned groups for the second part of the study, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin expressions of HK2 cells were assessed with double-stain immunocytochemistry method. The mRNA and protein expressions of α-SMA and CTGF of cells were assessed with RT-PCR and Western blot. The expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) in medium were assessed with ELISA. Results The expressions of α-SMA and CTGF significantly increased in HK2 cells treated with TGF-β1 compared with those in normal control (P<0.05), while significantly decreased in cells co-treated with TGF-β1 and VEGF compared with those treated with TGF-β1 alone (P<0.05, respectively). The expression of E-cadherin was exactly opposite to that of α-SMA. When LY294002 was added to TGF-β1 and VEGF co-treated cells, the expressions of α-SMA, CTGF, FN and Col Ⅰ were markedly up-regulated, when compared with those without LY294002 treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Inhibitory effect of VEGF on TGF-β1-induced EMT of HK2 ceils in vitro may be related to down-regulation of CTGF expression and reduction of FN and Col Ⅰ, which may be partly dependent on PI3K-Akt pathway.