第492例——反复血栓形成, 血小板减低

患者女性, 43岁。因反复血栓形成2年余, 血小板(PLT)减低1年余就诊。患者临床表现为反复动静脉血栓形成、少见部位血栓及抗凝治疗中新发血栓, 伴有进行性加重的血小板减少。外院及我院多次筛查抗核抗体、抗可溶性抗原抗体、抗磷脂抗体谱均为阴性。病程中糖皮质激素冲击及静脉免疫球蛋白(IVIG)曾使血小板升至正常, 骨髓巨核细胞成熟障碍, 支持免疫性血小板减低。入院后筛查易栓症的病因, 同时予肝素静脉泵入抗凝, 利妥昔单抗600 mg 1次;IVIG 20 g/d×3 d;口服艾曲波帕50 mg/d治疗。以上治疗3周后, 血小板减少无明显改善, 期间仍有新发血栓。后易栓症基因筛查回报PROS1基因杂合突变, MTHFR基因型为TT型, 发现少量IgGκ型M蛋白, 但仍不足以解释如此顽固的血栓倾向。在排除肿瘤、肝素诱导的血小板减少症等之后最终诊断血清阴性抗磷脂综合征可能性大。后续加用地塞米松20 mg/d×4 d, 联合口服西罗莫司2 mg/d加强免疫抑制, 抗凝方案过渡为低分子肝素后出院。1个月后电话随访, 患者颅内静脉窦血栓所致的头痛症状好转, PLT升至(20～30)×109/L, 无新...     

反复胸痛、活动后气短、咯血一例

正本文报道1例以反复肺血栓形成起病并转为慢性血栓性肺动脉高压(chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,CTEPH)的原发性抗磷脂综合征(antiphospholipid syndrome,APS)病例,探讨APS患者出现CTEPH的高危因素。1病例报告患者,男性,29岁,因胸痛5月余、活动耐     

临床病例评析——突发胸痛左下肢肿痛颧部红斑

目的:提高临床对APS与SLE之间关系的认识。方法:报道1例以原发APS为首发临床表现,随诊过程中新发皮肤损害、抗dsDNA抗体阳性,转为患者的临床特点及诊治经过,并进行分析讨论。结果:15岁女性患者,病程初期表现为急性肺栓塞、下肢深静脉血栓,抗磷脂抗体高滴度阳性,其他自身抗体阴性,诊断原发性APS,予溶栓抗凝治疗后好...     

肿瘤坏死因子-α拮抗剂用于结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压的治疗

肺动脉高压（pulmonary arterial hypertension，PAH）是结缔组织病（connec tivetissue disease，CTD）常见且严重的并发症之一，与特发性肺动脉高压相比较，其生存率更低。目前PAH的发病机制尚不明确，但有证据显示肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在结缔组织病和肺动脉高压发病过程中起重要作用，并且血清TNF-α升高与CTD-PAH的疾病进展相关。新开发的生物制剂（infliximab，etanercept，adalimumab）能够选择性阻断TNF-α，从而为PAH的治疗提供了新的机会。     

抗膜突蛋白抗体与系统性硬化病相关肺间质病变的临床相关性研究

Objective To identify a novel auto-antibody in sera of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and to analyze its relevance with SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods The anti-moesin antibody in the sera of 62 SSc patients, who had participated the European League Against Rheumatism's Scl eroderma Trial and Research Group (EUSTAR), were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELJSA). Patients were grouped by high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) features, pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities, inflammatory markers and disease course. The prevalence and titer (Optical density value) of anti-moesin antibody were compared between groups with t and χ2 test. Results The titer of anti-moesin antibody was significantly higher in the SSc-ILD group than non-ILD group (0.156±0.062 vs 0.107± 0.026, P=0.005). Among SSc patients, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the anti-moesin antibody for ILD was 44.0% and 91.7% respectively (Kappa=0.2, P=0.022). Anti-rnoesin antibody was more prevalent in SSc patients with HRCT features of honeycomb-like lesion, lobular septal thickening and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (P<0.05). SSc patients with deteriorated total lung volume (TLC %) had higher titer of anti-moesin antibody significantly (0.172±0.067 vs 0.133±0.039, P=0.011), as the same tendency in patients with decreased diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco% ) but without statistical significant difference (0.153±0.580 vs 0.120±0.340, P=0.089). The anti-moesin antibody was equally prevalent between abnormal ESR, C reactive protein, immunoglobulin and complements groups and their normal controls (P> 0.05). Group of patients who had SSc courses more than or less than 5 years demonstrated similar anti-moesin antibody titers (0.146±0.047 vs 0.164±0.077, P=0.272). However, patients with ILD courses less than 12 months had higher liter of the antibody than controls (0.182±0.073 vs 0.138±0.049, P=0.040). Conclusion This study suggests that the novel anti-moesin antibody has comparatively high specificity for SSc-associated ILD patients, which may contribute to further understanding the pathogenesis of ILD in SSc patients. Further investigations are deserved to evaluate the application of anti-moesin antibody in facilitating early screening and evaluation of ILD.     

抗磷脂抗体综合征抗凝过程中反复脑卒中一例

正抗磷脂抗体综合征(antiphospholipid syndrome,APS)是由抗磷脂抗体(anti-phospholipid antibody,aPL)引起的一组自身免疫性疾病,主要表现为反复动静脉血栓、习惯性流产和血小板减少。APS累及神经系统时可出现脑卒中、偏头痛、癫痫、舞蹈症等,是青壮年脑卒中的常见病因,据统计病因不明的45岁以下脑卒中患者中25%存在aPL[1]。     

风湿免疫病患者新型冠状病毒感染的临床表现、预后及危险因素

目的 了解我国风湿免疫病患者新型冠状病毒(新冠)感染现状。方法 通过在线问卷的形式,收集风湿免疫病患者的原发病特征、新冠疫苗接种情况以及新冠感染的相关信息。结果 共5 468位受试者完整地填写了问卷,女性占84.5%,系统性红斑狼疮(33.7%)是最多的疾病类型,其中3 554人(65.0%)接种了至少1剂新冠疫苗,4 370人(77.9%)已感染新冠,231人(5.3%)因新冠住院治疗。多因素回归分析显示,使用利妥昔单抗治疗原发病是新冠感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。存在原发病相关的肺(OR 2.098,95%CI:1.546～2.847)、心脏(OR 1.625,95%CI:1.102～2.397)和胃肠道(OR 1.432,95CI:1.021～2.009)受累是新冠感染后需要住院治疗的独立危险因素,接种新冠疫苗加强剂是其保护性因素(OR 0.681,95%CI:0.468～0.991,P<0.05)。结论 本研究提供了部分中国风湿病患者新冠感染相关的数据,接种疫苗、原发病脏器受累和治疗均可影响新冠感染风险或预后。     

冠状动脉瘤样扩张伴狭窄闭塞、抗磷脂抗体综合征、肾病综合征、多囊肾一例

患者青年男性,早发心肌梗死,合并多囊肾,存在肾病综合征及抗磷脂抗体综合征,冠状动脉造影示多支冠状动脉瘤样扩张伴狭窄闭塞,植入支架后出现支架内反复再狭窄。抗磷脂抗体综合征为反复冠状动脉血栓形成的危险因素,且可累及肾脏并导致肾病综合征,而遗传性多囊肾可有肾病综合征临床表现且可因基因异常合并动脉瘤样病变。遗传因素、免疫因素、代谢因素等均参与其中,经多学科讨论并结合随诊结果,考虑患者为结缔组织病继发抗磷脂抗体综合征、肾病综合征和冠状动脉病变,针对原发病治疗后患者症状及指标均好转。本例患者的诊治拓宽了临床医师对年轻患者冠状动脉疾病背后病因的认识,也体现了多学科诊疗临床思维的重要性。     

非标准产科抗磷脂综合征患者的临床特征及妊娠转归

目的:探讨非标准产科抗磷脂综合征（NCOAPS）的临床特征及接受标准抗栓治疗后的妊娠转归。方法:序贯纳入2015—2019年国家风湿病数据中心入组的高度疑诊产科抗磷脂综合征（OAPS）患者。符合2006年悉尼修订抗磷脂综合征分类标准且伴病理妊娠者纳入OAPS组,符合《产科抗磷脂综合征诊断与处理专家共识》关于NCOAPS...     

抗膜突蛋白抗体与系统性硬化病相关肺间质病变的临床相关性研究

Objective To identify a novel auto-antibody in sera of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and to analyze its relevance with SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods The anti-moesin antibody in the sera of 62 SSc patients, who had participated the European League Against Rheumatism's Scl eroderma Trial and Research Group (EUSTAR), were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELJSA). Patients were grouped by high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) features, pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities, inflammatory markers and disease course. The prevalence and titer (Optical density value) of anti-moesin antibody were compared between groups with t and χ2 test. Results The titer of anti-moesin antibody was significantly higher in the SSc-ILD group than non-ILD group (0.156±0.062 vs 0.107± 0.026, P=0.005). Among SSc patients, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the anti-moesin antibody for ILD was 44.0% and 91.7% respectively (Kappa=0.2, P=0.022). Anti-rnoesin antibody was more prevalent in SSc patients with HRCT features of honeycomb-like lesion, lobular septal thickening and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (P<0.05). SSc patients with deteriorated total lung volume (TLC %) had higher titer of anti-moesin antibody significantly (0.172±0.067 vs 0.133±0.039, P=0.011), as the same tendency in patients with decreased diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco% ) but without statistical significant difference (0.153±0.580 vs 0.120±0.340, P=0.089). The anti-moesin antibody was equally prevalent between abnormal ESR, C reactive protein, immunoglobulin and complements groups and their normal controls (P> 0.05). Group of patients who had SSc courses more than or less than 5 years demonstrated similar anti-moesin antibody titers (0.146±0.047 vs 0.164±0.077, P=0.272). However, patients with ILD courses less than 12 months had higher liter of the antibody than controls (0.182±0.073 vs 0.138±0.049, P=0.040). Conclusion This study suggests that the novel anti-moesin antibody has comparatively high specificity for SSc-associated ILD patients, which may contribute to further understanding the pathogenesis of ILD in SSc patients. Further investigations are deserved to evaluate the application of anti-moesin antibody in facilitating early screening and evaluation of ILD.