APACHEⅢ评分与老年冠状动脉移植术后IABP辅助治疗的医院感染

目的分析冠状动脉移植术后主动脉内球囊反搏辅助的老年患者的医院感染情况与APACHEⅢ评分的相关性。方法回顾性收集、分析我院2006年4月至2009年2月冠状动脉移植术后IABP辅助治疗的老年（≥65岁）患者的医院感染资料,并进行APACHEⅢ评分系统评估。结果 111例患者,年龄69.9±3.8岁,男77例,女34例。医院感染29例,感染率26.1%。患者平均APACHEⅢ评分为60.8±14.0,高分组患者的医院感染率和住院死亡率均高于低分组。结论医院感染是老年冠状动脉移植术后IABP辅助患者的死亡危险因素之一,APACHEⅢ评分系统可作为预测医院感染发生的方法之一。     

体外膜肺氧合辅助后高胆红素血症的临床意义

目的 探讨体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)辅助病人高胆红素血症的发病率及其对住院死亡的影响.方法 收集2005年至2008年65例应用ECMO辅助的成年病人资料,记录血流动力学、血牛化指标等以及临床转归.结果 51例成功脱离ECMO,脱机率为78.5%,33例生存出院,总病死率49.2%.55.4%的ECMO辅助病人发生高胆红素血症,其病死率明显高于非高胆红素血症组(P<0.01).Logis-tic回归分析显示,高胆红素血症明显增加病人住院死亡风险(OR=3.895,P<0.01).结论 高胆红素血症在ECMO辅助病人中的发病率较高,是增加术后病死率的影响因素之一,应及时处理,以改善病人的临床转归.     

心脏手术患者的容量治疗

<正>容量治疗又叫液体治疗或液体复苏,其目的在于补充有效循环血容量,维持水、电解质和酸碱平衡,以及特殊用药的给予,并防止或逆转由于容量不足导致的低灌注所继发的组织器官功能障碍[1-2]。     

欧洲心血管手术危险因素评分预测冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期预后的评价

目的:评估欧洲心血管手术危险因素评分(EuroSCORE)系统预测我国冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后早期预后的预测能力。方法:回顾性分析2006-06-01至2007-12-31我院心脏外科行CABG手术或CABG合并手术的1623例患者资料,使用EuroSCORE的加法模型(additive)及对数回归模型(logistic)评估所有患者的死亡、重症监护病房(ICU)时间延长以及主要并发症的发生,并评价其效能,分辨能力评价采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,校准度评价采用Hosmer-Lemeshowχ2检验。结果:EuroSCORE的additive模型及logistic模型预测术后死亡的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.787和0.801,ICU时间延长的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.725和0.741,术后呼吸功能衰竭的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.692和0.702,术后肾功能衰竭的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.788和0.796,二次开胸止血的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.711和0.723。Hosmer-Lemeshowχ2检验结果:additive模型拟合优度较好,P值均大于0.05,logistic模型拟合优度不佳,P值除预测ICU时间延长一项大于0.05,其余均小于0.05。结论:EuroSCORE对我国CABG患者手术死亡、ICU时间延长、术后呼吸功能衰竭、术后肾功能衰竭、二次开胸止血预测能力中等,且additive模型的预测精度优于logistic模型。     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

目的 探讨RIFLE分级对成人心脏术后患者临床转归的预测价值.方法 收集509例行冠状动脉移植术、瓣膜替换术成年患者资料.按照RIFLE分级、APACHE Ⅱ及SOFA评分,在心脏手术后住院期间分别对患者进行评分并记录最高分值.结果 术后呼吸机辅助时间18(14～19)h,监护室停留时间(1.4 ±1.0)d,术后住院时间12.0 d(10.0～15.0)d.根据RIFLE分级,发生不同程度急性肾功能衰竭共167例,占32.8%;住院死亡22例,死亡率4.3%,死亡率随RIFLE分级的递进有升高趋势(P<0.01).RIFLEmax的ROC曲线下面积为0.933(P<0.001).结论 ARF是心脏术后常见并发症之一,RIFLE分级对此类患者住院死亡有良好预测能力;分级进入I级和F级会明显增加住院死亡的可能.     

国产辛伐他汀治疗原发性高胆固醇血症的临床观察

目的：比较国产及进口辛伐他汀治疗原发性高胆固醇血症的疗效及安全性。方法：选择原发性高胆固醇血症患34例，随机入选国产（试验组）和进口（对照组）辛伐他汀组。每日晚餐后服用辛伐他汀10mg共持续8周，分别观察用药前、用药后4周和8周时血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平及不良反应情况。结果：用药8周后试验组和对照组血清胆固醇水平分别下降26．23％和17．87％，甘油三酯水平分别下降16．80％和17．25％，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平分别升高6．64％和6．74％。两组均无明显不良反应发生。结论：国产辛伐他汀治疗原发性高胆固醇血症的疗效肯定且较安全，可作为同类进口药物的替代产品。     

静脉注射艾司洛尔对冠状动脉分流术后心脏功能的影响

目的 观察静脉注射艾司洛尔对心脏功能的影响。方法 通过飘浮导管动态监测25例冠状动脉旁路移植术后发生快速性室上性心律失常患者,记录返监护室时(简称T1)、应用艾司洛尔前(简称T2)、应用艾司洛尔后2、10、60 min(简称T3、T4、T5)的心率、平均动脉压、心排量、每搏输出量、肺毛嵌压等指标的变化。结果 静脉注射艾司洛尔后心率显著下降,肺毛嵌压明显升高;平均动脉压T3、T4、T5较T2显著下降,与T1相比无明显变化;心排量T4、T5较T2显著下降,与T1相比亦无明显变化;每搏输出量T3、T4、T5较T2明显升高;观察过程中患者无低灌注情况发生,循环状况维持稳定。结论 静脉注射艾司洛尔治疗冠状动脉旁路移植术后快速性室上性心律失常是安全有效的。     

心脏外科重症监护病房非发酵革兰阴性杆菌感染分析

目的调查心脏外科重症监护病房(ICU)非发酵革兰阴性杆菌医院感染状况及耐药性,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法回顾2005年1月~2008年12月医院心脏外科ICU所分离的非发酵革兰阴性杆菌,纸片扩散(K-B)法进行药敏试验。结果4年中共分离到非发酵革兰阴性杆菌167株,其中呼吸道感染148例,血液感染13例,其他部位感染6例,最多见的依次是不动杆菌属59株(35.3%)、铜绿假单胞菌50株(29.9%)和嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌42株(25.1%);不动杆菌属对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、美罗培南和亚胺培南的敏感率最高,分别为74.1%、71.4%和67.8%,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、环丙沙星和美罗培南对铜绿假单胞菌保持良好的抗菌活性,分别为97.1%、90.0%、87.1%、83.1%、80.0%,复方新诺明和环丙沙星对嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的敏感率为100.0%,左氧氟沙星及头孢哌酮/舒巴坦分别为74.1%和70.0%。结论非发酵革兰阴性杆菌是医院感染的重要病原菌,耐药性呈增加趋势,应合理使用抗菌药物,并注意医源性交叉感染。     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.