先天性心脏病患儿术后多脏器功能障碍的预后分析

目的 探讨小儿先天性心脏病（先心病）术后多脏器功能障碍（MODS）预后情况及其影响因素，为对此类患儿进行针时性护理提供依据。方法 收集先心病术后并发MODS 77例患儿的临床资料。结果 11例放弃治疗出院，66例中44例救治存活，22例死亡。出现时间最早、累及最多的脏器为心脏；病死率最高的为累及中枢神经系统的患儿（57．69％），其次是累及血液系统的患儿（55．56％）；患儿的病死率与累及脏器的数量呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。死亡患儿手术体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间显著长于存活患儿（均P〈0．05），术中意外及术后心肺复苏发生率显著高于存活患儿（均P〈0．05）。结论 心病术后患儿应加强心功能监护，特别是体外循环时间〉120min，主动脉阻断时间〉60min及术中发生过意外情况、术后采取过心肺复苏术的患儿；尽早采取有利措施避免其他脏器功能受损是提高患儿存活率的关键。     

一氧化氮和米力农联合应用改善Fontan术后肺循环阻力的疗效

目的 探讨一氧化氮(iNO)与米力农联合应用能否进一步改善肺循环,并降低iNO撤离后反跳发生率.方法 31例改良Fortran术后跨肺压(TPG)>10mm Hg,动脉氧饱和度(sato2)<0.85者,随机分iNO组(iNO 10ppm吸入)15例和iNO+MIL组(iNO 10 ppm吸入后1 h启用米力农0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1静脉维持)16例.比较二组治疗后血流动力学、动脉氧饱和度及NO撤离的反跳发生率.结果 iNO+Mil组与iNO组相比治疗后中心静脉压(CVP)降幅[19.6±3.5)%对(15.2%±4.6)%,P<0.05]、TPG降幅[(18.2±4.8)%对(15.3±2.6)%,P<0.05]、动脉收缩压(SAP)升幅[(8.79±2.7)%对(5.2±3.1)%,P<0.05]和SatO2升幅[(9.3±3.2)%对(6.8±2.8)%,P<0.05]差异有统计学意义.iNO+Mil组NO撤离后反跳发生率明显降低,为1/16例,而iNO组为6/15例,组间差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.结论 一氧化氮与米力农联合应用较单纯NO治疗更进一步改善Fortran术后的肺循环阻力.     

EFFECT OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS ON PULMONARY FUNCTION IN INFANTS

Objective To evaluate the effect of the cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） on the pulmonary function in infants with or without pulmonary hypertension in congential ventricular septal defect （VSD）. Methods Twenty infants with VSD were enrolled in the study from Jan. to Dec. 2004. They were divided into two groups： pulmonary hypertension group and non-pulmonary hypertension group, ten infants respectively. Pulmonary function parameters were measured before CPB and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24h after CPB, the following data were recorded： duration for mechanical ventilation （Tmv） and staying in the cardiac intensive care unit （Tcicu） after cardiac surgery. Results Before CPB, the pulmonary function parameters in non-pulmonary hypertension group were more superior than in pulmonary hypertension group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. By contraries, the pulmonary function parameters in every time stage after CPB statistically significant decreased in non-pulmonary hypertension group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, especially at 6, 9, and 15h after CPB （ P 〈0. 01 ）. In pulmonary hypertension group, the pulmonary function parameters in 3h after CPB were more improved than before CPB, though there was no statistical significance. But they had statistically significant decreased at 9, 12, 15h after CPB （ P 〈0. 05）. There was a similar change in pulmonary function between two groups at 21,24h after CPB. Conclusion Exposure to CPB adversely affects pulmonary function after surgical repair of VSD in infants. We consider that the benefits of the surgical correction in infants with pulmonary hypertension outweight the negative effects of CPB on pulmonary function. We should improve cardiac function to avoid the presence of the nadir trough in pulmonary function. The infants with pulomonary hypertension also have ability to wean from mechanical ventilation as soon as possible, if the hemodynamics is stable, and without the responsive pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary hypertension crisis after surgical repair.     

一氧化氮和米力农联合应用改善Fontan术后肺循环阻力的疗效

Objective Inhaled nitric oxide(iNO) has been successful used for patients with increased pulmonary vascular re- slstance (PVR) shortly after Fontan operation, but its withdrawal rebound remains a major concem. We hypothesized that iNO associ- ated with milrinone could provide additive benefits for pulmonary hemodynamics and reduce the occurrence of iNO withdrawal rebound. Methods Thirty-one patieats with high transpulmonary pressure gradient(TPG, >10mmHg) and arterial oxygen saturation(SatO2, 0.85) after modified fenestrated Fontan operation were prospectively randomized into two groups, I.e. , group iNO (iNO at 10 ppm, dynamics, arterial blood oxygenation and occurrence of withdrawal rebound were compared between the two groups.Results Com- bined application achieved following improvenents including (1) decrement of CVP [(19.6±3.5)% vs. (15.2±4.6)% in group iNO, P<0.05] and TPG [(18.2±4.8)% vs. (15.3±2.6)% in group iNO, P<0.05); and increment of systemic aterial pres- sure [(8.7±2.7)% vs. (5.2±3.1)% in group iNO, P<0.05].(2)improvement of arterial oxygen saturation[(9.3±3.2)% vs. (6.8±2.8)% in group iNO, P<0.05)]. (3)occurrence of withdrawal rebound were significantly lower in group iNO+ Mil (1 patient vs. 6 patients in group iNO, P<0.05). Conclusion Combined uae of iNO and milrinone provided additional benefits as compared with exclusive use d iNO for patients with elevated PVR after Fontan procdure.     

腺苷用于肺高压治疗的进展

腺苷（Adenosine,AD)为内皮源性血管舒张剂，通过作用于肺血管平滑肌上特异性A2受体兴奋腺苷酸环化酶，并由之后增高的血管平滑肌细胞内cAMP浓度参与介导肺血管的舒张。中心静脉途径给药时，由于该药具有被肺循环大量摄取、快速经肺代谢和极短T1／2的特性，决定其对肺血管有相对高的选择扩张作用，因而避免了传统药物在肺高压治疗中低血压的发生。对心脏术后、原发性以及顽固性肺高压均获良好疗效。     

主动脉缩窄手术与年龄的探讨

目的 回顾评价主动脉缩窄(CoA)纠治术后的疗效,探讨最佳手术年龄。方法 1999年至2002年行CoA纠治术63例,婴儿组(Ⅰ)43例,儿童组(Ⅱ)20例。结果 术前Ⅱ组伴心功能不全5例,高血压3例,心律紊乱1例。术后即刻出现高血压Ⅰ组25例、Ⅱ组12例,发生率、静脉应用硝普钠48 h总量和最高剂量两组比较P>0.05。晚期高血压口服巯甲丙脯酸,Ⅱ组剂量明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且停药后出现头痛、血压偏高2例。术后再缩窄Ⅰ组3例、Ⅱ组2例(P>0.05)。结论 婴儿期是CoA纠治术的最佳手术年龄。     

一氧化氮和米力农联合应用改善Fontan术后肺循环阻力的疗效

Objective Inhaled nitric oxide(iNO) has been successful used for patients with increased pulmonary vascular re- slstance (PVR) shortly after Fontan operation, but its withdrawal rebound remains a major concem. We hypothesized that iNO associ- ated with milrinone could provide additive benefits for pulmonary hemodynamics and reduce the occurrence of iNO withdrawal rebound. Methods Thirty-one patieats with high transpulmonary pressure gradient(TPG, >10mmHg) and arterial oxygen saturation(SatO2, 0.85) after modified fenestrated Fontan operation were prospectively randomized into two groups, I.e. , group iNO (iNO at 10 ppm, dynamics, arterial blood oxygenation and occurrence of withdrawal rebound were compared between the two groups.Results Com- bined application achieved following improvenents including (1) decrement of CVP [(19.6±3.5)% vs. (15.2±4.6)% in group iNO, P<0.05] and TPG [(18.2±4.8)% vs. (15.3±2.6)% in group iNO, P<0.05); and increment of systemic aterial pres- sure [(8.7±2.7)% vs. (5.2±3.1)% in group iNO, P<0.05].(2)improvement of arterial oxygen saturation[(9.3±3.2)% vs. (6.8±2.8)% in group iNO, P<0.05)]. (3)occurrence of withdrawal rebound were significantly lower in group iNO+ Mil (1 patient vs. 6 patients in group iNO, P<0.05). Conclusion Combined uae of iNO and milrinone provided additional benefits as compared with exclusive use d iNO for patients with elevated PVR after Fontan procdure.     

米力农治疗心力衰竭和肺动脉高压的研究进展

米力农为第二代磷酸二酯酶Ⅲ抑制剂,作用机制不同于强心苷及儿茶酚胺（包括β受体激动剂）类药物.其药理效应主要包括正性肌力作用、扩张外周血管以及改善心室舒张期顺应性.该药能克服传统药物的心肌耗氧量高、时相作用大、β受体下调导致药效降低等缺点.静脉应用治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭（简称心衰）、慢性充血性心衰以及经传统强心、扩血管、利尿药物无显效的难治性心衰能取得显著效果,并在防治心脏手术后低心排综合征以及治疗肺动脉高压中均有显著疗效.临床使用需根据患者年龄、肾功能及疾病严重程度选用合适剂量,密切监测心电图及血小板计数.     

主动脉缩窄手术与年龄的探讨

目的回顾评价主动脉缩窄(CoA)纠治术后的疗效,探讨最佳手术年龄.方法1999年至2002年行CoA纠治术63例,婴儿组(Ⅰ)43例,儿童组(Ⅱ)20例.结果术前Ⅱ组伴心功能不全5例,高血压3例,心律紊乱1例.术后即刻出现高血压Ⅰ组25例、Ⅱ组12例,发生率、静脉应用硝普钠48 h总量和最高剂量两组比较P>0.05.晚期高血压口服巯甲丙脯酸,Ⅱ组剂量明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且停药后出现头痛、血压偏高2例.术后再缩窄Ⅰ组3例、Ⅱ组2例(P>0.05).结论婴儿期是CoA纠治术的最佳手术年龄.     

心脾综合征合并肺静脉回流异常的超声心动图诊断

目的探讨超声心动图对心脾综合征合并肺静脉回流异常的诊断价值,分析其漏诊及误诊原因,提高诊断的准确率。方法本文总结了190例心脾综合征患儿肺静脉回流情况的超声检测结果,并与其心血管造影或磁共振检查结果进行对照。结果190例心脾综合征患儿中,无脾综合征159例,其中61例合并肺静脉回流异常(占38.3%),多脾综合征31例,其中5例合并肺静脉回流异常(占16.1%)。66例患儿合并肺静脉回流异常,超声诊断符合者17例(占25.7%),漏误诊49例(占74.3%);66例肺静脉回流异常患儿中,伴有明显异常回流途径者17例,超声诊断15例(占88.2%)。结论无脾综合征患儿常合并肺静脉回流异常。超声心动图可以较准确地诊断心脾综合征伴有明显异常回流途径的肺静脉异位引流,其他类型肺静脉回流异常检出的准确率尚待进一步提高。