气管神经鞘瘤一例

患者　男 ,48岁。 1年前无明显诱因出现劳累后呼吸困难、气促、紫绀 ,呼吸困难进行性加重 ,咯白痰。胸片 :气管内结节影 ,直径约 2 .3ｃｍ ,密度均匀 ,边缘清晰锐利 ,与右侧气管壁呈锐角相接 ,几乎堵塞全部气道。ＣＴ横断面扫描 :气管右侧壁见一肿块影 ,直径为 4 1ｃｍ ,大部分位于气管外 ,并向气管内突入 ,阻塞约 3/ 4气腔 ,病灶内缘规则 ,密度均匀 ,ＣＴ值 42ＨＵ ,与周围血管关系密切 ,但能分清 (图 1)。利用螺旋ＣＴ 3ｍｍ薄层扫描后重叠5 0 %重建 ,传送到独立工作站上进行多平面重组、最小密度重建、表面覆盖显示、四维血管造影法 (图 …     

心脏磁共振在低危急性冠状动脉综合征中的诊断价值

目的 探讨心脏磁共振(CMR)负荷心肌灌注显像在低危急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)中的早期诊断价值.方法 前瞻性入选22例怀疑或确诊低危ACS患者,均行CMR与单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)负荷心肌灌注显像及冠状动脉造影(CAG).以CAG作为参考标准,分析CMR诊断效能,并与SPECT结果作对比.结果 以患者为基础分析,CMR诊断ACS敏感性和特异性分别为93%,75%;SPECT相应值分别为79%,63%.CMR诊断效能为0.897, 略高于SPECT 0.723 (P=0.19).以血管为基础分析,CMR诊断ACS敏感性和特异性分别为89%,87%;SPECT相应值分别为68%, 83%.CMR诊断效能0.923, 高于SPECT 0.774 (P<0.05).在左前降支(LAD)供血区,CMR诊断效能明显高于SPECT(0.900,0.553,P=0.009 6).结论 CMR负荷心肌灌注显像能准确探测低危ACS患者心肌缺血,诊断效能好于SPECT负荷心肌灌注显像.     

纵隔巨大淋巴结增生症CT和MRI表现（附2例报告）

纵隔巨大淋巴结增生症ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现（附２例报告）白林，范占明，曾庆玉，班润义，刘钟生１临床病例例１，男，３４岁。因间断心慌、胸闷７年，加重６个月入院。胸片示左前中纵隔边缘光滑的分叶状肿块。ＣＴ示：左前中纵隔５．５ｃｍ×５ｃｍ×６ｃｍ分叶状实性肿块，...     

静脉平滑肌瘤病长入右心腔1例

患者女 ,38岁。右下肢浮肿 2个月 ,心悸、气短 2年并逐渐加重 ,来我院就诊。体检胸骨左缘第 2～ 3肋间可闻及 2～ 3/6收缩期杂音 ,肺动脉瓣第二音亢进 ,余无阳性发现。患者 2年前外院因“子宫肌瘤”行全子宫 +右侧附件切除术 ,病理诊断为子宫血管平滑肌瘤。超声心动图示右心房、下腔静脉肿瘤 ;右心房扩大 ;下腔静脉扩张。腹部增强CT示右侧附件区不规则软组织肿块 ,与右侧髂静脉相连 ,右髂静脉、下腔静脉增粗 ,右髂静脉、下腔静脉和右心房充满软组织肿块 ,肿块边缘光滑 ,大部分与静脉壁不能区分 ,静脉边缘可见间断性“环形”、“新月形”造…     

双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

Objective To evaluate low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering using dual-source CT scanner.Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using a dual-source CT scanner were divided into 2 groups: group A (38 cases) and group B (30 cases).Prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan mode was employed for group A.Inclusion criteria included: heart rate <70 bpm, sinus rhythm, and heart rate fluctuation less than 10 bpm.Data acquisition was set at 70% of the RR-interval.Retrospective ECG-gating helical scan was performed for group B.Inclusion criteria included heart rates < 70 bpm and sinus rhythm.The exclusion criteria included heart failure and serious arrhythmias.In both groups, patients with a BMI≥24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 120 kV, whereas patients with a BMI <24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 100 kV.All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The imaging quality was evaluated.The imaging quality of coronary artery segments were compared with rank sum test between the two groups, and the radiation dose were compared with t test.Results A total of 476 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 372 segments were evaluated in group B.The mean score of imaging quality for coronary artery segments in group A was 3.48±0.59 and that in group B was 3.53±0.58.There was no statistical difference in imaging quality between the two groups (Z=-1.432, P=0.187).The effective dose was on average (2.51±0.54) mSv (range 1.3--3.3 mSv) in group A, whereas on average (14.55±3.54) rosy (range 7.1--20.2 mSv) in group B.There was a statistical difference between the two groups (t=18.484, P=0.000).Conclusions Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with low heart rate and regular cardiac rhythm.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation doses while preserving good diagnostic image quality.     

前瞻性与回顾性心电门控扫描模式双源CT冠状动脉支架成像的对比观察

目的 比较前瞻性和回顾性心电门控扫描模式在双源CT评估冠状动脉支架成像中的图像质量、诊断准确性及放射线剂量中的价值.方法 将60例冠状动脉支架术后患者分为两组,分别行前瞻性与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉CT扫描.以冠状动脉造影作为参考标准,分别对支架的图像质量进行评估.结果 两组患者临床资料匹配性、图像质量的评价一致性良好,差异无统计学意义.患者的图像质量与年龄、体重指数和心率均无相关性,在前瞻性心电门控扫描组心率波动对图像质量有较弱影响.前瞻性门控组中,敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为100%、84.09%、68.18%和100%;回顾性门控组为94.44%、86.84%、77.27%和97.06%.两组放射剂量有明显差异.用平滑重建算法的图像噪声差异有统计学意义,锐利算法差异无统计学意义.结论 对于心律齐且心率≤70次/分的患者,回顾性心电门控扫描方法与前瞻性心电门控扫描方式评估冠状动脉支架效果相似,但前者的有效放射剂量明显减少.     

双源CT低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在冠状动脉血管成像的应用

Objective To evaluate low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering using dual-source CT scanner.Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using a dual-source CT scanner were divided into 2 groups: group A (38 cases) and group B (30 cases).Prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan mode was employed for group A.Inclusion criteria included: heart rate <70 bpm, sinus rhythm, and heart rate fluctuation less than 10 bpm.Data acquisition was set at 70% of the RR-interval.Retrospective ECG-gating helical scan was performed for group B.Inclusion criteria included heart rates < 70 bpm and sinus rhythm.The exclusion criteria included heart failure and serious arrhythmias.In both groups, patients with a BMI≥24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 120 kV, whereas patients with a BMI <24 kg/m2 were examined with a tube voltage of 100 kV.All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The imaging quality was evaluated.The imaging quality of coronary artery segments were compared with rank sum test between the two groups, and the radiation dose were compared with t test.Results A total of 476 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 372 segments were evaluated in group B.The mean score of imaging quality for coronary artery segments in group A was 3.48±0.59 and that in group B was 3.53±0.58.There was no statistical difference in imaging quality between the two groups (Z=-1.432, P=0.187).The effective dose was on average (2.51±0.54) mSv (range 1.3--3.3 mSv) in group A, whereas on average (14.55±3.54) rosy (range 7.1--20.2 mSv) in group B.There was a statistical difference between the two groups (t=18.484, P=0.000).Conclusions Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with low heart rate and regular cardiac rhythm.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation doses while preserving good diagnostic image quality.     

多排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的规范应用

冠心病(CAD)是目前我国成人心脏病住院和死亡首要原因.如何对CAD,特别是急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)进行早期诊断、指导治疗和评估预后是心血管病防治的重大临床问题.CAD临床表现比较复杂,典型者根据胸痛、心电图(ECG)异常和心肌酶异常升高等可明确诊断,但部分患者(包括ACS)ECG及心肌酶正常,需平板运动ECG、负荷超声心动图或心肌灌注成像等检查进一步明确诊断,但仍存在较高的假阳性或假阴性诊断.一些存在高风险因素的患者还需     

胸主动脉覆膜支架并左锁骨下动脉烟囱术疗效分析

目的探讨胸主动脉覆膜支架植入术在支架近端锚定区不足时左锁骨下动脉的处理方法及支架直接覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口并左锁骨下动脉"烟囱"术的可行性。方法回顾分析2009年12月-2011年4月收治的支架近端锚定区不足的15例胸主动脉病变患者(B型夹层6例,假性动脉瘤1例,动脉瘤4例,穿透性溃疡4例),其中13例病变距左锁骨下动脉锚定区小于15 mm,2例大于15 mm。采用胸主动脉覆膜支架并左锁骨下动脉烟囱术治疗,观察脑及上肢缺血并发症发生情况。术后评价内漏、左锁骨下动脉显影等结果。结果 15例患者均成功地在主动脉内植入覆膜支架1枚,并在左锁骨下动脉植入"烟囱"支架1枚,术后患者均未出现神经系统并发症及左上肢严重缺血症状。术后5 d～3个月复查,主动脉覆膜支架形态良好,未发现I型内漏,"烟囱"支架内血流通畅。结论胸主动脉覆膜支架植入术中近端锚定区不足时,直接覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口并左锁骨下动脉"烟囱术"以延长锚定区并保持左锁骨下动脉通畅,更为安全。     

应用主动脉CTA观察急性主动脉壁间血肿的演变

目的 观察急性主动脉壁间血肿（IMH）的自然演变过程,探讨初发时的形态学特点及其与演变进展之间的关系。方法 收集221例急性IMH患者的临床资料及主动脉CTA形态学信息,对保守治疗的IMH患者初次发病后定期进行主动脉CTA检查。根据患者1年随访期间IMH的不同演变分为稳定组和进展组,比较两组临床资料及CTA征象的差异,分析影响IMH进展的相关因素。结果 135例IMH患者接受保守治疗,其中稳定组92例（Stanford A型7例）,进展组43例（Stanford A型10例）;121例随访1年,14例半年后失访。IMH患者中73.76%（163/221）的患者既往有高血压病史。稳定组与进展组初发时血肿内局限性强化、血肿最大厚度、厚度／管腔直径、胸腔积液及心包积液检出率的差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,两组IMH类型、溃疡样变检出率差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示高血压、溃疡样变是影响IMH进展的危险因素。结论 IMH的类型、溃疡样变、高血压是IMH最主要的不良预后风险因子。