开展抗癌联谊会活动对提升优质护理的影响

目的探讨开展抗癌联谊会活动对提升优质护理的影响。方法 2011年3月至6月放化疗患者139例为对照组,实施优质护理;2011年7月至10月放化疗患者143例为观察组,在对照组基础上开展抗癌联谊会活动。比较两组患者对护理服务的满意度。结果观察组对护理服务满意度较对照组高,两组满意度比较,Z=6.47,P<0.01。结论开展抗癌联谊会活动能提升优质护理。     

2010年甘肃省临夏回族自治州碘缺乏病知行信现状调查

目的了解甘肃省碘缺乏病重点地区碘缺乏病健康教育现状。方法采用随机抽样方法对临夏州8县(市)1225名五年级小学生和797名育龄妇女进行碘缺乏病问卷调查。结果学生对缺碘造成甲状腺肿、智力低下和生傻孩子知晓率分别为88.8%、85.6%和68.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),碘盐是最好防治方法的知晓率为90.0%,向父母宣传的行为具有率为52.9%,认为碘缺乏病一定能预防的信念具有率为87.3%。育龄妇女对缺碘造成甲状腺肿、智力低下和生傻孩子知晓率分别为86.2%、70.0%和46.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),碘盐是最好防治方法的知晓率为87.3%,以防伪标志购盐的行为具有率分别为60.2%,菜熟时放盐的行为具有率分别为69.8%;学生对缺碘造成危害的知晓率高于育龄妇女,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在目前以学校为主要场所的宣传模式下,临夏州总体碘缺乏病知行信水平高于甘肃省水平,但不同县(市)、不同目标人群及不同知识点的知行信水平差异很大,因此必须加强健康教育工作的过程评估,结合民族特点和实际情况,探讨宗教场所的健康教育模式。在认知的水平上,要强化态度、信念和行为转变这个健康教育的最终目的,使健康教育的效果更持久。     

上海部分餐馆室内空气PM2.5浓度监测及禁烟措施调查

目的了解上海餐厅禁烟措施的实施情况,分析不同禁烟规定对减少餐厅就餐区烟草烟雾浓度的效果。方法电话调查餐厅的控烟类型,现场观察禁烟措施的落实情况,并采用AM510型个人智能防爆粉尘检测仪对餐厅室外、非吸烟区、吸烟区细颗粒物PM2.5的浓度进行检测,分析餐厅内3类监测点之间、不同禁烟规定的餐厅之间的烟草烟雾浓度差异。结果电话调查100家餐厅中,21家不禁烟,48家部分禁烟,27家完全禁烟。排除室外PM2.5浓度的影响,完全禁烟餐厅的非吸烟区PM2.5浓度(56.83μg/m3)低于部分禁烟餐厅(66.46μg/m3,F=5.424,P<0.05);部分禁烟餐厅中,非吸烟区PM2.5浓度(84.90μg/m3)低于吸烟区(130.67μg/m3,t=-3.154,P<0.01),吸烟区PM2.5浓度低于不禁烟餐厅(t=2.386,P<0.05)。结论餐厅控烟法规执行有待加强,餐厅分区能在一定程度上减少非吸烟区受吸烟区烟草烟雾的影响,但其效果明显小于完全禁烟,餐厅采取完全禁烟措施非常必要。     

2009年甘肃省碘缺乏病调查结果分析

目的 掌握甘肃省碘缺乏病防治现状,为制订碘缺乏病的防治措施提供依据.方法 2009年,在甘肃省14个市(州),每个市(州)抽取1个达标县(市、区、旗),并按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡(镇、街道),不足5个乡时全部抽取;在所抽取的每个乡(镇、街道),各抽取1个村,进行居民户碘盐情况及碘盐销售网络调查.同时在每个村抽取1所小学,进行儿童尿碘、甲状腺、智商检查及碘缺乏病知晓状况调查.结果 共检测1420份食用盐,加权碘盐覆盖率为99.53%,加权合格碘盐食用率为98.15%.共对1761名8～10岁儿童检测尿碘,中位数为225.87μg/L,在14个县中,有5个县儿童尿碘处于适宜水平,7个县超过了碘适宜水平.2个县处于碘过量水平.共对3051名8～10岁儿童进行甲状腺检查,加权甲状腺肿大率为1.9%,只有红古区儿童加权甲状腺肿大率大于5%,为5.3%.共对2815名8～10岁儿童进行智商检测,平均智商为105.3,除卓尼县和康乐县之外,其余各县儿童智商均在100以上.碘缺乏病知晓调查平均分为3.2分.知道缺碘不聪明的占57.08%(1229/2153),知道缺碘致甲状腺肿大的占71.76%(1544/2153),知道碘盐是最好的防治方法的占68.04%(1465/2153),向家人讲述碘盐好处的占61.82%(1331/2153).共凋查了87个乡(镇)102个村的食盐销售情况,每个乡(镇)都有一个碘盐代销点,每个村至少有1个碘盐零售店,但73.5%(75/102)的零售店无销售许可证.结论 甘肃省碘缺乏病防治取得了显著进展,合格碘盐食用率达到国家消除标准,甲状腺肿大率明显下降,大多数县儿童尿碘处于"大于适宜水平",碘盐销售网络基本健全,但各县碘缺乏病健康教育工作进展不平衡.

Abstract：

Objective To master the status in control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Gansu province and to provide the basis for development of control strategies. Methods One county which reached the national standardization of IDD elimination was selected randomly from each of 14 cities of Gansu province in 2009, then one town was selected respectively from five directions (east, south, west, north, and central) of the above selected counties. One village was chosen from every town which was selected for investigating household iodized salt and iodized salt sales network. At the same time the thyroid of children was examined, their urinary iodine (UI) was determined, the intelligence quotient(IQ) values of children were measured and health education was surveyed in one primary school which was chosen in each of the selected town. Results A total of 1420 edible salt samples were tested;the weighted iodized salt coverage rate and the weighted qualified iodized salt rate were 99.53% and 98.15 respectively. Urine samples were collected from 1761 children included in the study. The urinary iodine median was 225.87 μg/L. The urinary iodine medians were at optimal levels in five counties, over the optimal levels in seven counties and at excessive levels in two counties. A total of 3051 children aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected for thyroid examination. The weighted thyroid goiter rate(TGR) of children was 1.9%, and TGR was higher than 5% only in Hoaggu county. IQ of 2815 children was tested and the mean IQ was 105.3, except for the country of Zhuoni and Kangle, the mean IQ of other counties were over 100. The average score of health education was 3.2.Children of 57.08% (1229/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could lead to mental retardation, 71.76% (1544/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could cause thyroid goiter, 68.04%( 1465/2153 ) knew that eating iodized salt was the best method for IDD prevention and control and 61.82%(1331/2153) informed their families of the benefits of eating iodized salt. Each town had one agency selling iodized salt and each village had one more retail store with iodized salt, but 73.5%(75/102) of the stores without license for the sales. Conclusions Great progress has been made on the prevention and control of IDD in Gansu province. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate has reached the national standard for IDD elimination, TGR has decreased markedly, the urinary iodine levels in more counties are over the optimal levels and iodized salt distribution network is basically sound. But progress in health education is uneven.     

2001-2009年甘肃省碘盐监测结果及非碘盐问题地区分布特征分析

目的 分析2001-2009年甘肃省碘盐监测结果及非碘盐问题地区分布特征,为制订碘缺乏病防治对策提供依据.方法 按照国家碘盐监测方案,甘肃省对生产批发(2001-2007年)和居民户(2001-2009年)两个层次进行监测.盐碘测定采用直接滴定法(GB/T 13025.7-1999),川盐或特殊盐采用仲裁法测定.合格碘盐判定标准为(35±15)mg/kg(20～50 mg/kg),非碘盐判定标准为＜5 mg/kg.结果 2001-2007年共监测生产批发层次盐样4900批,批质量合格率为97.80%(4792/4900).2001-2009年居民户非碘盐率均＜5%,碘盐覆盖率均＞90%,合格碘盐食用率2003年以后均＞90%.2001-2009年共监测出非碘盐问题市(州)23年次,其中临夏州、武威市分别占39.1%(9/23)和21.7%(5/23);共监测出非碘盐问题县(区)123年次,其中少数民族和国家级贫困县有68年次,占55.3%(68/123).2001-2005年、2006-2009年少数民族和国家级贫困县分别占非碘盐问题县的49.4%(44/89)和70.6%(24/34).结论 甘肃省生产批发层次碘盐质量状况良好,居民户合格碘盐食用率达到国家碘缺乏病消除标准.但少数民族地区和贫困地区的非碘盐问题突出,在今后一段时期内将成为甘肃省碘缺乏病防治的重点地区.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze monitoring results of iodized salt and distribution characteristics of problem areas with non-iodized salt in Gansu province during 2001 - 2009 and to provide a basis to develop countermeasures to iodine deficiency disorders. Methods According to the criterion of "The National Scheme of Iodized Salt Surveillance", two levels of monitoring were carried out on production and wholesale-level(during 2001 -2007) and household-level(during 2001 - 2009). Salt iodine was determined by direct titration method (GB/T13025.7-1999), and Sichuan salt or special salt was determined with an arbitration method. Criteria for qualified iodized salt was (35 ± 15)mg/kg(20 - 50 mg/kg), and for non-iodized salt was ＜ 5 mg/kg. Results During 2001 - 2007, a total of 4900 salt samples at production and wholesale-levels were examined, with a qualification rate of 97.80% (4792/4900). Non-iodized salt rates were all below 5% in Gansu province, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was higher than 90% after 2003. During 2001 - 2009, cities(states) with non-iodized salt problems appeared 23 times, with Linxia accounting for 39.1%(9/23), Wuwei accounting for 21.7%(5/23). During 2001 -2009, counties(districts) with non-iodized salt problem appeared 123 times, including 68 times of ethnic minorities and state poverty counties, accounting for 55.3%(68/123). During 2001 - 2005 and 2006 - 2009, ethnic minorities and state poverty counties were accounting for 49.4%(44/89) and 70.6%(24/34) in counties with non-iodized salt problem. Conclusions The quality of iodized-salt at production and wholesale level is satisfactory in Gansu province, household consumption rate of qualified iodized salt have reached national standard for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders. But ethnic minorities and state poverty counties are main regions with non-iodized salt problem,these areas will be the key areas of prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in Gansu province in the future.     

甘肃省临夏回族自治州应急补碘改善特需人群碘营养效果评价

目的评价穆斯林民族地区特需人群补碘干预措施效果。方法采用分层抽样方法,测定补碘前的居民户盐碘,对比补碘前后特需人群（孕妇、乳母、育龄妇女、0～3岁婴幼儿）的尿碘结果。结果对孕妇、哺乳期妇女100 mg/次、育龄妇女200 mg/次、0～3岁婴幼儿20 mg/次,2次/年的剂量进行碘油补服,补服碘油后4组人群总体尿碘中位数均达到150μg/L的推荐标准,尿碘频数颁布〈100μg/L的比例为21.0%,〈50μg/L的比例为7.4%,〉800μg/L以上的人群仅占0.3%,补碘前后尿碘水平有显著性差异。但在县级水平上,有4个县的孕妇和乳母的尿碘中位数〈150μg/L。结论在碘盐未完全落实的少数民族地区,按照上述规定的剂量和时间给特需人群补服碘油,尿碘达到了碘适宜水平,未出现高碘及不良反应情况,是安全有效的补碘方法,但应进一步开展孕妇和乳母个体碘代谢相关因素的研究。     

手机戒烟干预和网络戒烟干预的国际进展研究

提供戒烟帮助是控烟工作的重点之一。该文对国际上新显现的手机戒烟干预和网络戒烟干预的发展进行了总结,以期为我国的控烟工作提供借鉴支持。手机和网络戒烟干预方式的共同优势在于：无时间和地域性的限制,范围更广;规避了有些人不愿意面对面交流的忧虑,保护了咨询者的隐私;成本相对较低。二者在可及性、沟通效果、成本效益等方面则各有利弊。     

2009年全国无烟医疗卫生试点机构无烟环境创建效果评价

目的评价2009年全国医疗卫生试点机构的无烟环境创建效果。方法采用询问及观察法了解并比较全国无烟医疗卫生试点机构创建前后在实施无烟政策、张贴禁烟标志以及是否有人吸烟等方面的变化,评价试点效果。结果制定了无烟政策机构的比例由53.5%增加到92.1%,张贴禁烟标志机构的比例由91.9%增加到98.2%;100%无烟机构的比例在终末调查时为38.0%。东北和华北地区观察到的机构内吸烟行为少于其他地区。分机构类别看,100%无烟机构的比例依次为:妇幼保健院50.0%,疾控中心42.6%,卫生行政部门36.8%,中医院33.3%,综合医院30.4%。结论各试点机构的无烟环境创建工作取得了一定成效,但100%无烟机构的比例低,机构之间差别较大,政策的执行和监督还不完善,需要进一步加强。     

西部某大型国企员工高尿酸血症患病情况及其影响因素研究

目的 了解西部某大型国企员工高尿酸血症（hyperuricemia,HUA）患病率及其影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查的方法,对西部某大型国企参加体检的员工进行调查。调查内容包括问卷调查、体格检查以及生化指标测定。结果 本次共调查4 180名员工,HUA患病率为16.6%,年龄标化患病率为13.2%;其中男性患病率为21.5%,标化后患病率为21.8%;女性患病率为4.0%,标化后患病率为4.1%,男性患病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义（χ2=187.608,P<0.001）。单因素分析结果显示,吸烟、夜班、野外工作、工作场所海拔≥3 500 m的员工HUA患病率较高（均有P<0.05）,分别为61.3%、20.0%、21.5%和19.7%;高胆固醇、高甘油三酯、高血压以及超重/肥胖者HUA患病率均高于正常对照组（均有P<0.05）,分别为27.3%、31.1%、21.2%和24.7%。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,在控制其它混杂因素后,性别、年龄、血清胆固醇和甘油三酯水平、高血压、超重/肥胖、工作类型与HUA密切相关,其中性别因素影响最大（OR=4.879,95% CI:3.538~6.728）。结论 该大型国企员工尤其是男性中青年人群HUA患病率较高,建议针对重点人群和相关危险因素开展基于工作场所的健康促进活动。