血管紧张素转化酶2的病理生理作用

肾素血管紧张素系统在调节血压和水、盐代谢中发挥着重要作用.血管紧张素转换酶2是人类第一个血管紧张素转换酶同系物,可高效地水解血管紧张素Ⅱ,形成舒血管物质血管紧张素1-7.目前发现血管紧张素转换酶2与心血管、肾、肺等疾病有关,并且是严重急性呼吸器官综合征冠状病毒的功能受体.     

噻氯匹定对2型糖尿病患者血小板膜糖蛋白表达的影响

目的：为进一步阐明糖尿病(DM)患者血小板活化状态及抗血小板药物噻氯匹定的治疗作用。方法：采用流式细胞术检测了45例2型糖尿病患者及26例健康志愿者(对照组)血小板表面血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅰb，GPⅡb，P-选择素及血小板激活复合物-1(PAG-1)表达，并对其中20例2型DM患者应用噻氯匹定治疗(0．25g，qd)2wk，观察对上述指标的影响。结果：DM患者P-选择索及PAG-1表达的荧光强度较对照组明显升高，而GPⅠb表达的荧光强度较对照组下降(P=0．014)，GPⅡb表达则无明显改变(P=0．285)。噻氯匹定治疗2wk可使DM患者P-选择素及PAC-1的表达明显下降，对GPⅡb表达则无明显影响(P=0．815)，GPⅠb表达则上升(P=0．011)。结论：2型DM患者血小板活化增强，出现高凝倾向。噻氯匹定治疗能明显缓解血栓前状态。PAG-1的表达可作为GPⅡb-Ⅲa激活更敏感的新型特异性标志。     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

表现为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞的甲亢性心脏病1例报告

患者女性 ,３８岁 ,怕热多汗伴突眼７年 ,胸闷、气促２天。患者于７年前开始出现颈部粗大 ,怕热多汗 ,双侧突眼 ,当时未予重视。２年前 ,上述症状加重 ,就诊于当地医院 ,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进症 ,予抗甲状腺药物治疗１年余 ,症状缓解而于３月前自行停药。１月前症状再次加重 ,未予注意。２天前 ,突发胸闷、气促 ,伴恶心、呕吐 ,发热达３８℃。近１月来无上呼吸道感染及急性肠胃炎病史。体检 :Ｔ３８℃ ,Ｐ７０次／ｍｉｎ ,ＢＰ１２８／７２ｍｍＨｇ,神清 ,口唇略紫绀 ,皮肤、巩膜无黄染 ,未及肿大浅表淋巴结 ,甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大 ,质韧 ,两肺检…     

CT测量腹内脂肪面积/皮下脂肪面积在评价胰岛素抵抗中的价值

目的 探讨CT测量腹内脂肪面积/皮下脂肪面积在评价胰岛素抵抗中的价值.方法 选择以腹型肥胖为特征的血糖正常者35例(A组),糖耐量异常或空腹血糖受损及空腹血糖＜10 mmol/L的糖尿病患者65例(B组),测量或计算两组患者腰围、臀围、腰臀比、体重指数(BMI),采用螺旋CT取仰卧位屏气状态下在脐平面进行扫描,测量腹内脂肪面积和皮下脂肪面积,并计算二者的比值;采空腹血测定空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹C肽、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C),用稳态模型评估2法计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA2-IRI).结果 腹内脂肪面积和腹内脂肪面积/皮下脂肪面积在B组[(130.30±43.79)cm2和0.98±0.36]均明显高于A组[(101.90±44.45)cm2和0.60±0.32],差异有统计学意义.当腹内脂肪面积/皮下脂肪面积≥0.60时,采用Pearson相关分析,lnHOMA2-IRI与腹内脂肪面积/皮下脂肪面积的相关系数为0.802(P＜0.01).结论 腹内脂肪过度堆积是胰岛素抵抗的重要标志之一,腹内脂肪面积/皮下脂肪面积≥0.60则提示存在明显的胰岛素抵抗,但＜0.60不能说明无胰岛素抵抗.     

第三鳃裂瘘合并感染1例

1临床资料患者,男性,12岁,因"感冒"后左侧颈部肿大,疼痛伴发热1个月收住院。入院前半个月体温波动于38.0℃～39.0℃,有畏寒,无耳后及枕后放射痛。7年前有类似症状发作,抗炎治疗后好转。体格检查:体温39.0℃,     

尿TGF-β1、层粘连蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

在182例2型糖尿病患者测定尿液转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、层粘连蛋白(LN)和Ⅳ型型胶原排泄量，糖尿病患者的尿液TGF-β1、LN和Ⅳ型胶原排泄量增加，并与糖尿病肾病(DN)的严重程度有较好的相关性。尿TGF-β1可能为早期DN的指标、尿LN、Ⅳ型胶原可能为DN严重程度的指标。     

川芎嗪对高糖状态下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞氧化应激及TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:探讨川芎嗪(TMP)对高糖状态下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(MCs)氧化应激和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的作用。方法:体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞株,分对照组、高糖组、TMP组,分别培养24h、48h,以二氢二氯荧光素(DCFH-DA)标记细胞,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞内二氯荧光黄(DCF)的荧光强度而测得细胞内ROS水平;以ELISA法检测细胞上清液TGF-β1的含量。结果:与对照组相比,高糖组细胞内DCF平均荧光强度均显著升高(P<0.01),TGF-β1表达显著增加(P<0.01);与高糖组相比,TMP组细胞内DCF平均荧光强度均显著降低(P<0.01),TGF-β1表达显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:TMP可以有效抑制高糖诱导的氧化应激以及TGF-β1表达。     

川芎嗪对高糖培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖和氧化应激的影响

目的 探讨川芎嗪对高糖培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖和氧化应激的影响.方法 体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞株,分对照组、高糖组和川芎嗪组,采用CCK-8细胞计数法测定系膜细胞增殖,以比色法检测细胞培养液中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化.结果 与对照组比较,高糖组出现系膜细胞增殖增加,上清液中SOD活性、GSH含量下降,MDA含量增加;与高糖组相比,川芎嗪组系膜细胞增殖减少,GSH含量、SOD活性上调,MDA含量下降.结论 川芎嗪能抑制高糖环境下的系膜细胞增殖,并显著减少高糖诱导的氧化应激水平.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.