半肢骨骺发育异常的临床特征与治疗

目的: 探讨半肢骨骺发育异常的临床特征与治疗方法。方法: 随访自 1988~2002年本院诊治半肢骨骺发育异常 14例,平均随访 8 (2~13) 年, 所有病人均有连续X线片及功能检查记录。结果: 采用GAFS (GlobalAssesmentFunctionScale) 评分治疗优良率 90%。结论: 半肢骨骺发育异常及时诊断适当治疗预后良好。     

补肾强督方治疗强直性脊柱炎肾虚督寒血瘀证的临床研究

目的 评估补肾强督方治疗强直性脊柱炎肾虚督寒血瘀证的疗效和安全性.方法 采用对照研究方法,选择强直性脊柱炎肾虚督寒血瘀证患者,分为补肾强督方治疗组和嫩(旭)痹冲剂加白芍总苷对照组,观察两组患者临床症状、证候积分、体征、实验室检查的变化;计算两组显效率、有效率和总有效率,并观察药物的副作用;探讨补肾强督方的作用机理.结果 两组患者治疗前后全身疼痛、脊柱疼痛、夜间疼痛、晨僵时间、畏寒喜暖、乏力和血瘀证积分均有明显下降;两组患者指地距、胸廓活动度、schober试验、脊柱活动度和4字试验治疗前后均有明显改善;两组患者血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、外周血单核细胞计数、血小板计数、IgA和IgG治疗前后均有明显改善;补肾强督方治疗AS显效率为30%,,有效率为56.67%,总有效率为86.67%.结论 补肾强督方治疗AS,具有明显的抗炎和活血化瘀作用以及一定的免疫调节作用,总有效率高,且安全无明显毒副作用.     

髂内动脉或腹主动脉阻断对山羊髂内动脉网压力的影响

目的 评估山羊髂内动脉或腹主动脉阻断后髂内动脉压力的变化,为治疗骨盆骨折合并动脉出血合理选择阻断动脉的方法提供理论依据. 方法 共选择5只山羊,分别按以下方法测量髂内动脉的压力:(1)测量正常髂内动脉动脉压,(2)测量阻断一侧髂内动脉后远端压力,(3)测量阻断双侧髂内动脉后远端压力,(4)测量阻断腹主动脉和双侧髂内动脉后远端压力,(5)测量单纯阻断腹主动脉后髂内动脉压力. 结果 正常髂内动脉血压为(57.84±13.46) mm Hg,阻断一侧髂内动脉后远端压力为(38.40± 17.39)mm Hg,阻断双侧髂内动脉后远端压力为(29.70±12.16)mm Hg,阻断腹主动脉和双侧髂内动脉后远端动脉压力为(32.80±17.02) mm Hg 单纯阻断腹主动脉后髂内动脉远端压力为(29.20±18.52) mm Hg.不同的阻断方法对髂内动脉的压力均有明显的影响(P＜0.05),但不同的阻断方法之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 上述4种阻断方法对降低髂内动脉压力的作用是相似的,临床工作中选择一种方法即可,不必重复应用.     

髌骨骨折合并膝关节韧带、半月板损伤的回顾性分析

目的 探讨髌骨骨折合并膝关节韧带、半月板损伤的发病规律和临床特点. 方法 回顾性分析2003年3月至2012年2月期间收治的1337例髌骨骨折患者资料,男974例,女363例;年龄8～98岁,平均45.2岁.以临床体征、X线、磁共振成像(MRI)检查及手术结果筛选出合并膝关节韧带、半月板损伤的患者进行分析,计算髌骨骨折合并膝关节韧带、半月板损伤的发病率,统计各种韧带、半月板损伤的发病率在不同髌骨骨折类型及致伤原因中的差异. 结果 髌骨骨折合并膝关节韧带、半月板损伤的发病率为2.1％ (28/1337).致伤原因:交通伤13例,摔伤10例,运动损伤3例,坠落伤2例.髌骨骨折按Regazzoni分型:A型2例,B型17例,C型9例.52处合并伤中,交叉韧带损伤15处,侧副韧带损伤14处,半月板损伤23处.髌骨骨折Regazzoni分型中,A型和C型骨折患者与B型骨折患者各种合并伤的发病率比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各种致伤原因中,运动损伤和坠落伤患者的内侧副韧带损伤发病率(100％)与摔伤患者(10.0％)、交通伤患者(23.1％)比较,以及交通伤患者后交义韧带损伤发病率(70.0％)与摔伤患者(10.0％)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 各种类型髌骨骨折均可合并膝关节交叉韧带、侧副韧带或半月板损伤,应予高度警惕,并在麻醉前、后做膝关节的相应体格检查,必要时行MRI检查.     

肘前小切口治疗严重移位肱骨髁上骨折

目的：寻求治疗严重移位的肱骨髁上骨折复位快而准确的方法。方法：采用肘前小切口法，于肱二头肌腱外侧达骨折断端，复位后交叉克氏针固定，结果：48例，随访3年，优36例，良12例，无一例缺血性肌挛缩，无感染或神经损伤发生，8例（16．7％）发生无症状的肘内翻，结论：该方法简单，可靠，创伤小，住院时间短。     

Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换术失败原因分析

Objective To analyze the failed Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty and to improve its re-sults. Methods From October 2004 to October 2007, 48 patients underwent Bryan cervical disc arthro-plasty. All patients were followed up 2 to 38 months(mean 18 months). Among them, 4 failed cases were an-alyzed, which include 1 male and 3 females, with the age of 42, 51, 40, 49 years. Results Case 1 reported the brachial plexus injury as the result of the patient's shoulders being overstretched while fixing his position during operation, the muscular power of both upper extremities declining to degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ upon operation completion, which was restored to degree 4 when discharged from hospital (45 days after operation). Case 2 reported the compression on the spinal cord as the result of failure to remove the ossification of posterior lon-gitudinal ligament (OPLL) which had been identified by the preoperative CT; the patient complained of no release of symptoms after the operation and postoperative CT showed that compression still existed. Case 3 reported incomplete spinal cord injury caused by massive bleeding during decompression, a function of ex-tremely small vertebral canal anteroposterior diameter (5 mm shown in preoperative MRI); the muscular pow-er of left extremity dropped to degree 0 upon operation completion; the patient could walk with crutch 10 days after operation. Case 4 reported'heterotopic ossification (OP) which occurred 1 year after operation and became deteriorated 2 years later, but did not affect the motion of prosthesis. Conclusion Bryan disc arthroplasty is being extensively used as an effective procedure for decompression and reconstruction of the cervical disc. Excellent clinical results are related to strict selection of indications, perioperative manage-ment, and the experience and surgical technique of the surgeon are also important to the final outcome.     

Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换术失败原因分析

Objective To analyze the failed Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty and to improve its re-sults. Methods From October 2004 to October 2007, 48 patients underwent Bryan cervical disc arthro-plasty. All patients were followed up 2 to 38 months(mean 18 months). Among them, 4 failed cases were an-alyzed, which include 1 male and 3 females, with the age of 42, 51, 40, 49 years. Results Case 1 reported the brachial plexus injury as the result of the patient's shoulders being overstretched while fixing his position during operation, the muscular power of both upper extremities declining to degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ upon operation completion, which was restored to degree 4 when discharged from hospital (45 days after operation). Case 2 reported the compression on the spinal cord as the result of failure to remove the ossification of posterior lon-gitudinal ligament (OPLL) which had been identified by the preoperative CT; the patient complained of no release of symptoms after the operation and postoperative CT showed that compression still existed. Case 3 reported incomplete spinal cord injury caused by massive bleeding during decompression, a function of ex-tremely small vertebral canal anteroposterior diameter (5 mm shown in preoperative MRI); the muscular pow-er of left extremity dropped to degree 0 upon operation completion; the patient could walk with crutch 10 days after operation. Case 4 reported'heterotopic ossification (OP) which occurred 1 year after operation and became deteriorated 2 years later, but did not affect the motion of prosthesis. Conclusion Bryan disc arthroplasty is being extensively used as an effective procedure for decompression and reconstruction of the cervical disc. Excellent clinical results are related to strict selection of indications, perioperative manage-ment, and the experience and surgical technique of the surgeon are also important to the final outcome.     

经皮动力髋螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的总结应用动力髋螺钉（DHS）经皮固定股骨转子间骨折的初步经验。方法自2003年5月应用DHS经皮固定股骨转子间骨折15例。其中男10例，女5例；年龄65～80岁，平均71岁，，先将插入克氏针的瞄准器放在髋关节的前方，在C形臂监测下，使克氏针位于股骨头的中央，且瞄准器的股骨部分紧贴股骨的外缘。另将1枚导针经皮沿克氏针指示的方向打入股骨头．在导针下做一小切口，切口长2.8～3，5cm，拧入拉力螺钉。拔出导针将动力髋接骨板沿肌层插入，将导针穿过接骨板的套轴重新插入拉力螺钉内，并按常规方法将套轴套在螺钉的尾部。手术时间45～80min，平均55min，术中出血100～200ml，无一例需术中输血。结果2例伤口表浅感染，2例发生下肢深静脉血栓，但无肺栓塞发生。骨折术后3～4个月全部愈合，随访时间9～13个月，3例髋关节伸屈轻度受限，余皆正常。结论经皮DHS治疗股骨转子间骨折手术时间短，出血少，术后康复快，是一个很有前途的治疗方法。     

骶髂关节应用解剖及生物力学研究进展

骶髂关节是支撑人体躯干负载并完成力学传导的重要结构.骶髂关节具有特殊解剖形态,骶骨凹陷、髂骨凸起以及周围韧带、肌肉等的作用有助于骶髂关节形成稳定的力学结构;骶髂关节具有一定范围内的活动;骶髂关节从解剖上看是活动关节,从功能上看是微动关节;骶髂关节在不同体位时的应力分布不同.该文对骶髂关节解剖结构、运动功能、应力分布特征和骶髂关节周围韧带的主要作用等研究进展作一综述.     

逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉内固定的应用解剖学研究

[目的]为逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉内固定提供应用解剖学基础。[方法]取半骨盆标本20个,自髋臼切迹至髋臼上缘每隔5.0 mm作系列截骨面,找到最小截骨面,用圆盘法确定其圆心及直径,用斯氏针由该截面的圆心逆行打入,在髂骨后外侧穿出。将该截面下方的系列截面解剖复位,再将斯氏针顺行打入前柱,由耻骨上支前外侧穿出,该穿出点为P,P即为逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉入钉点。测量其在髋臼前柱骨皮质内的长度,将耻骨结节命名为A,将髂耻隆起命名为B,测量AB及PA的距离,并观察该斯氏针的方向。[结果]最小截骨面位于髋臼切迹上方15.0 mm处,该截面平均直径为(4.9±1.7)mm,髋臼前柱骨皮质内斯氏针长度为(86.8±7.2)mm,P位于耻骨上支前缘闭孔嵴上,P距耻骨结节(A)的距离PA为(2.3±0.4)mm,耻骨结节(A)距髂耻隆起(B)的距离AB为(4.7±0.3)mm,P约为AB的中点,该斯氏针与弓状线平行。[结论]逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉入钉点P位于耻骨上支耻骨结节与髂耻隆起中点处的闭孔嵴上,P距耻骨结节(2.3±0.4)mm,该螺钉最大直径为(4.9±1.7)mm,最大长度为(86.8±7.2)mm,该螺钉与弓状线平行。