山东城市儿童青少年心电图1 546例分析

目的研究少年儿童心脏健康状况.方法对7～19岁少年儿童1 546名按年龄、性别分组,描记心电图并做分析.结果异常心电图检出率为4.59%,其中以心律失常(3.49%),QRS低电压(0.52%)和左室高电压(0.45%)多见.心律失常以Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞(Ⅰ度A-VB)(1.16%)、不完全性右束支传导阻滞(IRBBB)(0.91%)和室性早搏(0.65%)居多.各项异常心电图检出率年龄组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),性别间则呈现QRS低电压女性多于男性(P＜0.005);左室高电压男性多于女性(P＜0.01).正常变异心电图检出率为17.79%,主要见于Tv1,分别大于Tv6、Tv5和Tv4,V1导联QRS波切迹以及S1S2S3综合征等.少年组检出率多于儿童组(P＜0.05),男性多于女性(P＜0.05).结论无异常临床表现的健康儿童中,存在着一定数量的心电图异常者,虽然大部分可见于无器质性心脏病变的正常人,但应积极寻找原因并给予定期复查.     

卡托普利与美托洛尔治疗慢型克山病的临床效果评价

Objective To observe the curative effect of captopril and metoprolol in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease (CKD). Methods One hundred and ninty-five patients with CKD chosen from Juxian, Wulian, Yishui, Pingyi, Sishui and Zoucheng in Shandong Province were randomly assigned to control group, captopril group and metoprolol group according to NYHA cardiac functional grading. All cases were given diuretics, digitalis and vasodilating agents as routine treatment. On this basis, captopril and metoprolol was administered in captopril group and metoprolol group respectively. After 12 months of follow-up visit, the causes of cardiac death, hospitalization status and the changes of heart size, electrocardiogram, blood pressure and heart rate were all observed. Results It was found that the mortality of captopril group and metoprolo] group was 4.76% (3/63), 5.00% (3/60) respectively, both lower than the control group 10.61%(7/66). But this difference had no statistically significance(P=0.39). Besides, the hospitalization days of each year in captopril group and metoprolol group was respectively (19.12± 20.35) and(18.86±21.52)days, much more reduced than in the control group[(21.45±21.74)days, q=3.17, 3.38, P<0.05]. The detection rate of cardiothoracic ratio decreased in captopril group and metoprolol group [45% (27/60) and 40.4% (23/57)] After treatment showed more pronounced amelioration than the control group [18.6% (11/59), χ2=9.51,6.59, all P<0.0125], still the detection rate of cardiomegaly and invariability had no significant difference among three groups (χ2=2.50,4.75, all P>0.05). The elimination coefficient of ectopic rhythm in metoprolol group [56.5% (13/23)] was pronounced higher than the control group and captopril group [23.8% (5/21), 22.7% (5/22)], but differences had no statistically significance(P=0.0358,0.0331, all P>0.0125). Significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and heart rate(HR) in three groups prior and post-treatment(F=47.51,44.23,80.66, all P<0.01). The interaction of therapy and treatment time had influence on SBP and HR (F=3.19,37.44, all P<0.05), but had no influence on DBP(F=2.21, P> 0.05). There was no difference in SBP, DBP or HR among three groups before treatment(F=0.28,0.57,1.80, all P>0.05). After treatment, SBP and DBP in captopril group, metoprolol group and the control group[(109.0±10.9), (112.2±12.8), (114.7±13.2)mm Hg, (69.3±7.2), (72.1±9.5), (73.3±9.3)mm Hg] were all lowered compared with pre-treatment[ (117.1±13.4), (119.0±14.4), (117.6±14.1)mm Hg and (74.2±10.2), (76.3±10.8), (75.4±11.1)mm Hg, t=4.79,4.47,2.08,5.12, 4.32,2.15, all P<0.05]. HR was reduced in metoprolol group, being [(66.2±7.7), (75.9±11.5)times/min] before and after treatment(t=10.81, P<0.01), while it remained unchanged in captopril group and control group[(70.6±8.0), (72.6±10.5) times/min and (71.9±10.4), (73.8± 12.2)times/min, t=1.77,1.74, all P>0.05]. After treatment, both SBP and DBP of captopril group were significantly lower than that in the control group (q=3.52,3.56, all P<0.05); HR was reduced in metoprolol group, lower than that in captopril group and control group(q=5.44,3.73, all P<0.01). Conclusions Having a tendency of depressing mortality, captopril and metoprolol can reverse or delay myocardial remodeling and reduce admission rate in a safe,reliable and economic way, and are worth to be widely used in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease.     

2008年山东省15县(市、区)克山病病情与内外环境硒水平调查

目的对山东省克山病病区居民进行病情与硒营养状况调查。方法 2008年选择山东的五莲、莒县、沂水、蒙阴、平邑、莒南、青州、临朐、安丘、泗水、邹城、滕州、山亭、沂源、新泰15个病区县(市、区),每个县设立1个调查点,每个点调查700人左右,对调查对象进行一般体格检查、描记心电图、后前位X线胸部摄片,同时采集病区居民的头发及小麦、玉米、地瓜干,采用2,3-二氨基萘荧光法测定硒含量。结果山东省15个县(市、区)共调查10679人,检出克山病患者315例,总检出率2.95%,总标化率2.97%,其中潜在型克山病287例,检出率2.69%,标化率2.72%;慢型克山病28例,检出率0.26%,标化率0.24%,未检出急型、亚急型患者。检出异常心电图1776例,检出率16.6%;共摄片461例,心脏增大195例,异常检出率42.3%。采集发、小麦、玉米及瓜干依次为263、270、298和258份;其硒含量依次为(0.5191±0.5538)、(0.0268±0.0045)、(0.0194±0.0052)和(0.0193±0.0039)mg/kg。结论目前山东省克山病的发病处于稳定态势,病区居民发硒达到硒适宜地区水平,内环境硒营养状况改善,克山病的患病率有望进一步降低。     

慢型、潜在型克山病患者的血管内皮功能观察

目的观察山东省慢型、潜在型克山病患者的临床特点和血管内皮功能,探讨机体内皮功能失调与克山病发生发展的关系。方法选择慢型、潜在型克山病患者57人、病区健康人34人,分别采集清晨空腹血检测ET、NO、NOS、iNOS及cNOS含量及活性。结果(1)克山病患者ET水平明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01);心功能越差,ET升高越明显(P<0.01);(2)NO和NOS含量,潜在型、慢型克山病均明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01);慢型高于潜在型(P<0.01);iN-OS含量克山病患者也高于病区健康人(P<0.05);慢型克山病高于潜在型克山病(P<0.05)。结论ET、NO水平的变化可能作为一种中间环节参与了克山病的发病机制;心功能不同,血浆ET、NO升高的程度也不同;ET、NO可作为克山病病情严重程度的预测指标。     

恢复期亚急型、慢型克山病患者动态心电图特征及预后意义

选择克山病88例,所有患者均来自山东省各克山病病区县,其中男性20例,女性57例,最小年龄10岁,最大年龄53岁,慢型57例,恢复期亚急型31例.受试者均行ECG和DCG检查.慢型克山病94.7%(54/57)有ECG异常,各种异常检出率依次为室性早博53.2%、ST-T改变63.2%、室上性早博15.8%,完全性右束支传导阻滞19.3%.DCG检查无1例正常,异常改变主要见于室性早搏和室上性早搏,分别为96.5%、84.2%.恢复期亚急型异常ECG检出率9.7%(3/31),室性及室上性早搏分别为6.5%、3.2%.DCG异常检出率83.9%(26/31),常见异常改变为室性早搏77.4%(24/31)和室上性早搏41.9%(13/31).室早发生频率越高,预后越差,尤其是成对室早和短阵室速的发生频率.     

1877例青少年的心电图分析

为进一步了解青少年心脏功能状况,我们描记了1877例4～19岁健康人群的心电图,并对异常与正常变异图形进行分析,现将结果报告如下。1 资料与方法1.1 资料来源 本组1877例,选自济南、威海、淄博3个城市的幼儿园及中小学校,男998例,女879例;年龄4～19岁。按年龄分为3组,见表1。     

164例城市表示和年TV〈TV5（TV6）综合征临床分析

观察１６４例心电图ＴＶ１〉ＴＶ５（ＴＶ６）综合征与年龄，性别，身高发育和体型的关系及其临床意义。该综合征在青少年出现的最小年龄为男１１岁，女１２岁；发生率男性高于女性；男性的发生率与年龄增长呈高度相关性；男性可见于任何发育等级，女性只见于发育中等及中上等２个等级；男女均以细长体发生率为最高。     

克山病患者的临床特点及血管内皮功能

目的观察山东省慢型、潜在型克山病患者的临床特点和血管内皮功能,探讨机体内皮功能失调与克山病发生发展的关系。方法选择慢型、潜在型克山病患者57人分别进行心电图、X线胸片、超声心动图等检查,并采集克山病患者和病区健康人血浆,分别检测内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型NOS(iNOS)及结构型NOS(cNOS)含量。结果①慢型克山病患者X线下100%都有心脏增大,且以重度增大多见;90.9%有心电图异常改变,且往往几种异常同时并存;心脏超声示心功能明显降低。潜在型克山病心脏轻度增大者多见,而且心电图往往只有一种改变。②克山病患者ET水平明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01),心功能越差,ET升高越明显(P<0.01)。③NO、NOS及iNOS,克山病患者明显高于病区健康人(P<0.01),且慢型克山病患者高于潜在型克山病患者。结论ET、NO水平的变化可能作为一种中间环节参与了克山病的发病机制;心功能不同,血浆ET、NO升高的程度也不同;ET、NO可作为克山病病情严重程度的预测指标。     

克山病患者心脏功能与血清、尿及发中化学元素含量变化关系的探讨

本文用原子吸收法测定了克山病患者血清、尿、发中铜、锌、铬、钴、镍、钙、镁含量,结果表明各元素含量均有显著改变,其变化方向各异。按不同心脏功能分组分析发现血清铜随心衰加重逐渐升高,锌/铜比逐渐变小,尿铜、镍及发锌、钙、镁也有随心功能不同而改变的趋势。认为这一规律性变化对于评价克山病患者心脏功能有一定意义。