每周1次肌注干扰素β1-α并不能改善复发-缓解型多发性硬化症患者治疗后头几个月的整体心理功能(法)

背景:多发性硬化症患者通常存在心理障碍,但关于其潜在原因尚不清楚。方法:本项开放、非比较的多中心研究,旨在评价新发多发性硬化症患者在每周1次肌注干扰素β1-α治疗头3个月中的整体心理功能改变情况。每隔4周采用G A F(整体功能评估)量表对患者的心理功能进行分析,采用M AD R S(蒙格马利-阿斯伯格抑郁等级量表)对患者的抑郁程度、采用临床整体印象(CG I)对患者的心理状态、临床表现和生物耐受性进行评估。结果:599例(女性71.4%,平均年龄39.4岁)患者纳入本研究。基线时和肌注干扰素β1-α治疗头3个月的平均GA F评分之间无显著临床…     

以头痛为原发症状患者鼻窦的病理学改变

头痛是鼻窦病变的一种常见症状。虽然一些炎性症状提示为鼻窦病变,然而偶然的头痛有时也是鼻窦病变的主要症状。在本项回顾性研究中,作者对所在医院1992年1月1日至2001年6月30日期间,36例以头痛为原发症状的鼻窦疾病患者的资料进行研究。采用全面的耳鼻喉科和神经系统检查、诊断性的鼻腔内窥镜和鼻窦CT扫描对所有患者进行评估。如果适当的内科治疗无效,则安排患者接受手术治疗。36例患者中,33例(92%)患者在行鼻窦手术后症状显著改善。头痛的鼻窦病因学是慢性头痛鉴别诊断的一项重要因素。对于临床疑似因鼻窦病变而致头痛的患者,应进行全面…     

使用桡动脉脉搏传输波分析预测动脉增强指数

目的：目前根据桡动脉脉搏波形（RPC），使用动脉传输函数对动脉增强指数（AIx）进行预测还显不足，因为在获得的主动脉脉搏波形（APC）上很难准确辨别融合点（回折点）。假定APC上每两个特征波之间的形成期约为射血期的1／3（ED／3）。作者旨在评估与传统的鉴别方法相比，用ED／3来识别APC上融合点的准确性，同时拟基于动脉传输函数和ED／3方法从RPC得出AIx。方法：数字化同步测量60例受试者（37例男性，年龄60±10岁）的APC和RPC序列。从30例随机选取的受试者中确定由RPC推导APC的总体均值函数，并将该函数应用于其余30例受试者，求得相应的APC序列。确定根据RPC预测AIx的准确性。结果：在APC上融合点较易识别的患者中，ED／3方法识别所得APC上融合点与经传统鉴别方法测得的APC上融合点相比，其偏差幅度为1．97±0．60ms，两种方法得出的AIx相同。使用ED／3方法得出的APC的AIx和融合点与经传统鉴别方法测得的APC的AIx和融合点相比，其偏差也分别为0．22％±1．01％和1．81±1．64ms。     

彩色多普勒评估子宫动脉结扎后平滑肌瘤内血流变化

目的：应用彩色多普勒观察子宫动脉结扎后子宫平滑肌瘤内部主要血管可能的血流变化。方法：测量14例妇女子宫动脉结扎前后平滑肌瘤内主要血管的血流变化，这些患者同时伴有异常子宫出血、盆腔疼痛或压迫感，和（或）贫血。结果：14例患者中，13例诉术前的疼痛或压迫感完全消失，1例诉症状明显减轻。在子宫动脉结扎后1周至4个月内，所有患者的平滑肌瘤内部主要血管血流均明显减少。8个月后，1例妇女成功妊娠。结论：对子宫平滑肌瘤的患者，腹腔镜下经一侧腹膜后子宫动脉结扎术是一种安全有效的治疗方法。彩色多普勒证实这种治疗可减少所有患者平滑肌瘤内部血流。     

早产儿护理的质量：父母和护士的观点

目的：调查在新生儿病房和儿童保健中心（CHC）对有关早产儿的护理重点是什么的个人观点，并把这些观点与实际的护理进行比较。受试：在新生儿病房的21名母亲、20名父亲和15名护士，以及在CHC的21名母亲、14名父亲和18名护士。方法：采用一个有关护理质量患家长的调查问卷，其包含三个维度：一致性导向方法、医疗一技术能力及社会一化氛围，每一维度根据主观重要性和觉察到的对所提供的护理实际情况进行评价。结果：总的来说，不管是在新生儿病房的护理还是在CHC的护理，对一致性导向、医学一技术能力等维度，主观重要性的评级都要高于所觉察到的实际情况，然而在医疗一技术能力维度上，新生儿病房的护理质量要高于CHC所提供的护理质量。高危新生儿的和极低胎龄并不影响其结果。     

加工炮制对白芍化学成分的影响

目的：考察加工炮制对白芍中多种化学成分的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法分别分析经去皮、水煮和硫磺熏制3个不同加工阶段后，白芍中没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药苷亚硫酸酯、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酸、五没食子酰基葡萄糖和苯甲酰芍药苷等8种主要化学成分的变化。Zorbax SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm ,5 μm）；流动相乙腈-0.015%磷酸溶液,梯度程序洗脱；检测波长230 nm；柱温30 ℃。结果:经去皮和水煮，除没食子酸和五没食子酰基葡萄糖含量增加外，白芍中其他成分降低。硫磺熏制可降低芍药苷含量，而产生新成分芍药苷亚硫酸酯，该成分是由芍药苷在有水条件下和SO₂的反应产物。结论:3个加工阶段都可使白芍成分发生较明显的变化，这可能是白芍加工的目的所在。白芍的加工过程应严格控制和规范化。     

A seroepidemiological study of toxoplasma gondii infection in children of northern Greece

The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis in children ofthe northern Greece region through the evaluation of serologic examination. Sera of 486 children, aged between 6 months and 15 years, suffering from different clinical entities, were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG antibodies, using an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique. In this survey, a high percentage (11.1 percent) of the hospitalized children reacted positively to this method. Males and females had equal prevalence, 11 percent and 11.2 percent, respectively. Seropositivity rate was higher in children aged between 6 and 10 years old. In conclusion, our results indicate toxoplasma infection is an important public health problem affecting children and adolescents in northern Greece. We believe that the study described here could be considered for inclusion in existing national screening programs for hospitalized children.     

Population determinants of serum lycopene concentrations in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

Serum lycopene is inversely related to the risk for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, to investigate the relation between serum lycopene concentrations and sex, age, geographical location, race-ethnicity, education, alcohol, smoking, BMI, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol, and intakes of fat, tomatoes and tomato-based products in 3413 individuals aged 17-90 y. Multivariate adjusted mean lycopene concentrations were 48.3% lower in individuals > or =70 y old than in those 17 to <30 y old (P < 0.0001), 7.6% lower in women than in men (P = 0.0045), 15.1% lower in people living in the South than those in the West (P < 0.0001), 10.3 and 61.0% lower in the 1st quartile than in the 4th quartile for dietary fat intake (P = 0.0173) and serum cholesterol (P < 0.0001), respectively, 11.1% lower in tomato noneaters than those who ate tomatoes > or =31 times/mo (P = 0.0085), 13.5% lower in pizza noneaters than those who ate pizza > or =16 times/mo (P = 0.0016), and 20.6% lower in pasta noneaters than those who ate pasta (with tomato sauce) > or =16 times/mo (P < 0.0001). Race-ethnicity, alcohol, BMI, blood pressure, and consumption of non-tomato vegetables, and fruits and juices had no association with serum lycopene concentrations. Sex, age, geographical region, socioeconomic status, serum total cholesterol, smoking, and intakes of fat, tomatoes, pizza, and pasta were significant determinants of serum lycopene concentrations in the United States.