射频消融治疗快速性心律失常的体会

临床安全应用射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗各类快速性心律失常７８０例，总成功率９７．８％。其中房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）５５４例；房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）１８２例；房扑１５例；房颤５例；特发性室速８例；右室流出道室速、室早１４例；致心律失常性右室心肌病（ＡＲＶＣ）２例。本组患者无一例发生血胸、气胸、心包填塞、动脉拴塞、３°房室传导阻滞、室颤等严重并发症。本文特别强调了术前充分准备、术中精确标测定位、细心轻巧操作、严谨控制消融能量和时间，术中与术后严密监护，可以最大程度地降低并发症的发生率。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病的临床研究和家系调查

目的 对7例致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)及其中的3个家系中的34个成员进行调查。方法病史、临床检查、标准12导联心电图、超声心动图和心室晚电位测定。5例进行电生理检查。结果 超声心动图发现5例右室扩大伴搏动减弱，8例右室前壁局限性运动减弱或收缩期膨出，1例下壁局限性变薄和收缩期膨出。心电图显示完全性和不完全右束支阻滞样改变各5例，肢体导联低电压2例，23例右胸(V1-V4)和／或下壁(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF)导联T波倒置，25例V1导联QRS时间明显延长(P<0．01)．13例心室晚电位阳性。电生理检查，5例患者可诱发≥2种的呈左束支阻滞图形室性心动过速(室速)，2例诱发心室颤动(室颤)；右室一处或多处起搏阈值增高或不能有效起搏。1家系2例猝死。1例ARVC合并侏儒症。5例患者反复发作呈左束支阻滞图形的室性心动过速，1例伴有配对间期极短的多形性室速和反复晕厥发作，12例有呈左束支阻滞图形室性早搏。结论 本研究结果提示ARVC是一遗传性疾病．右室结构与功能异常、心电图复极异常和起源于右室室性心律失常是其最常见的表现。     

老年高血压患者年龄对血清瘦素水平及颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的探讨老年高血压患者年龄对血清瘦素(Leptin)与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的影响。方法选取60岁以上老年高血压患者111例为研究组,60岁以上健康老年人43例为对照组,进行血压、血糖、血脂、血清瘦素的测定并测定腰臀比(WHR)计算体质量指数(BMI),使用高分辨率超声检测双侧颈动脉IMT,比较两组的差异,并对研究组进行相关性分析。再把研究组根据年龄分为≥70岁组和<70岁组,比较两组差异。结果老年高血压组与对照组比较,SBP、DBP、WHR、Leptin、IMT有显著性差异(P<0.01);在老年高血压组leptin与BMI具有相关性(r=0.85,P<0.01),IMT与年龄、WHR、Leptin呈正相关(P<0.01)。≥70岁组IMT及Leptin明显高于<70岁组。结论老年高血压组leptin及IMT值明显高于对照组,老年高血压组中leptin与IMT明显相关。增龄是IMT及leptin增高的一个因素。     

慢旁道参与的室上性心动过速的电生理特点和导管射频消融治疗

方法 :对 6例慢旁道参与的心动过速的电生理和导管射频消融 (RFCA)治疗。结果 :6例患者的室上性心动过速特点为窄形QRS波 ,RP间期 >PR间期。电生理特点为 :右心室刺激时有与心动过速相同激动顺序的逆传性心房活动 ;心动过速的最短RP间期 >110ms;旁道的逆传具有递减性传导的性质 ;心动过速时与H波同步刺激心室可逆传到心房并使之提前激动并且激动顺序与心动过速时相同 ;6例患者中 ,旁道位于右后间隔 4例、左后间隔 1例、左后侧 1例 ;RFCA可成功阻断所有 6例患者的旁道 ,靶图的特点是VA提前而不融合。结论 :RFCA治疗慢旁道参与的心动过速安全、有效     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者Epsilon波的检出率

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Epsilon wave in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventrieular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods The Epsilon wave was detected in 32 patients [24 men, mean age (42.3±13.3) years] with ARVC using three different electrocardiography (ECG) recording methods: standard twelve leads ECG (S-ECG), right precordial leads ECG (R-ECG) and Fontaine bipolar precordiai leads ECG (F-ECG). The Epsilon wave was defined as wiggle, small spike wave and smooth potential between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. Results Epsilon wave was detected in 37.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% patients with ARVC by S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG respectively. The detection rates derived from the three recording methods were similar(P ＞ 0.05). The Epsilon wave was only detectable by S-ECG in one case, by R-ECG in three cases, and by F-ECG in five cases. The detection rate of Epsilon wave was 50.0% by combined use of S-ECG and R-ECG (SR-ECG), 56.3% by combined use of S-ECG and F-ECG (SF-ECG), and 65.6% by combined use of the three recording methods (SRF-ECG). The detection rate was significantly higher by SF-ECG (56.3%) and SRF-ECG (65.6%) than by S-ECG alone (37.5%, all P ＜0.05). Most Epsilon waves detected by the S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG were small spiked waves. Conclusion Combined use of S-ECG, F-ECG and R-ECG could increase the detection rate of Epsilon wave in patients with ARVC.     

硫酸奎尼丁对乳大鼠心室肌细胞Kv4．3基因mRNA水平表达的影响

目的探讨硫酸奎尼丁对乳大鼠心室肌细胞Kv4．3基因mRNA水平表达的影响及其治疗Brugada综合征的分子机制。方法将乳大鼠心室肌细胞随机分为对照组及硫酸奎尼丁干预组,培养至24、48、72h,应用半定量逆转录一聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术检测Kv4．3基因mRNA表达的变化。结果于预至24h对Kv4．3基因mRNA水平表达无明显影响;至48h,各干预组较对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）,且5与10μmol／L组较1μmol／L组下调作用更为显著（P〈0．05）;至72h,各干预组较对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）,而各干预组间差异无统计学意义。结论硫酸奎尼丁可显著下调Kv4-3基因mRNA水平表达,且较长时间干预时低浓度与较高浓度下调的幅度相近。     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) using the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods A total of 37 patients[female 29, mean age (44 ± 15 )years]with documented AVNRT were enrolled in this study from March 2007 to June 2009. A 4 mm tip magnetic mapping and ablation catheter ( Helios Ⅱ ,Stereotaxis, USA),which was remotely controlled by the MNS (Niobe Ⅱ , Stereotaxis, USA), was used for both mapping and ablation. Conventional slow pathway modification with focal ablation at the fight posterior septum was first performed in all patients. If it was failed, linear lesions at the base of Koch' s triangle was then done. Results After ablation, AVNRT was non-inducible in all 37 patients without any complication except one case experienced transient first degree AV block. Focal ablation was performed in 34 patients, and linear ablation strategy was used in the remaining three cases to achieve the end point. Among all the 37 patients, slow pathway ablation was achieved in 14, whereas slow pathway modification was reached in the remaining 23 cases.The mean procedural time, the RF deliveries, the duration of RF application were ( 120 ± 32) min, (2. 9 ± 1.6)times, ( 130 ± 33 )s,respectively. The total fluoroscopy time and the physician X-ray exposure time were(5.3 ±2. 7)min and(2.9 ± 1.1 ) min,respectively. There was no significant change of the AH interval,the HV interval,and the atrioventricular nodal conduction refractory period after ablation. Compared with the first 18 patients, the mean procedural time, the total fluoroscopy time and the X-ray fluoroscopy time during magnetic navigation were significantly decreased in the later 19 patients (P ＜0. 001 ). It indicated that the learning curve of remote catheter ablation using the MNS is short. Conclusion Remote catheter ablation using the MNS to cure AVNRT is safe and effective with short learning curve and decreasing X-ray exposure time for interventional physicians.     

大折返房性心动过速的电解剖标测和导管射频消融

目的应用电解剖标测系统分析3例大折返房性心动过速(房速)的电生理机制并导航消融。方法3例房速患者(男1例,女2例),平均年龄51±12岁,心动过速病史19±11年。常规电生理检查初步确定房速所在心腔,使用电解剖标测系统构建心房三维模型,完成电压和激动标测,分析心动过速的机制并确定缓慢传导区(即关键峡部),使用冷生理盐水灌注导管消融。结果3例患者临床常规检查初步排除结构性心脏病,电压标测均显示被标测心房存在疤痕区。病例1为围绕三尖瓣环顺钟向的大折返房速,关键峡部位于三尖瓣环与后侧壁的疤痕之间。病例2为围绕上腔静脉逆钟向的大折返房速,关键峡部位于右房侧壁疤痕与上腔静脉之间。病例3为左房8字形折返,关键峡部位于左房顶部的两片疤痕之间。3例患者均在关键峡部消融成功,随访9～10个月未见复发。结论电解剖标测可以揭示大折返房速的基质,阐明折返机制,并有效指导消融。     

显性预激伴持续心房扑动射频消蚀成功一例

显性预激伴持续心房扑动射频消蚀成功一例单其俊廖铭扬张馥敏黄元铸曹克将李文奇马文珠患者男，５６岁。阵发性心悸胸闷５年，加重２０天，反复晕厥数次。晕厥时伴有大、小便失禁，额面部跌伤。外院诊断“尖端扭转性室速”，给予相应的治疗无效转入本院。心电图为显性“Ａ...     

心房颤动的电学治疗进展

本文介绍心房颤动的电学治疗新进展，包括ＡＦ的起搏治疗，植入心房除颤器和ＡＦ的射频导管消融治疗。