血清D-二聚体在急性主动脉夹层诊断价值的Meta分析

目的 评估血清D-二聚体(DD)诊断急性主动脉夹层(AAD)的灵敏度和特异度.方法 使用aortic、dissection和D-dimer三个关键词全面检索英文数据库.采用MS Excel 2003、Review Manager 5.1、STATA 12和Meta DiSc 1.4进行数据管理、计算和统计分析.结果 最终共纳入9个研究,包括532例AAD患者和780例健康对照者.DD临界值取500 ng/ml时,综合灵敏度、特异度及其95％可信区间分别为0.97[0.94-0.98]、0.61[0.53-0.69].结论 DD可作为排除AAD的血清学指标.若DD水平小于500 ng/ml,对于非高危患者,则无需行进一步检查.     

单纯碎裂电位指导心房颤动消融的初步临床观察

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of mdiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrilla-tion (AF) guided by complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs). Methods Twenty-two patients with drug refractory and symptomatic AF(16 paroxysmal, 6 persisten) were enrolled. Using Carto, the left atrial or biatrial replica was created during spontaneous or induced AF, and areas associated with CFAEs were identi-fied. Radiofrequency ablation at the site with CFAEs was performed and the end points were to eliminate CFAEs or convert to sinus rhythm. Results Thirteen patients(59%)were converted to sinus rhythm, (7 cases conver-ted directly to sinus rhythm, and 6 via the intermediate atrial tachycardia(AT) or atrial flutter (AFL). The re-maining nine patients required cardioversion with D. C. shock or drug. Repeat ablation was performed in 6 pa-tients (5 AT/AFL, 1 paroxysmal AF). During(10.9 ±4.8) months follow-up, 16 patients (73%) were free of arrhythmia and symptoms. CFAEs were most commonly found along the left interatrial septum, pulmonary veins, left atrial roof. CFAEs ablation prolonged AFCL[(157 ± 18) ms vs (211 ± 32) ms, P < 0.05]. Only one patient had pericardial tamponade that required pericardiocentesis. Conclusion Radiofrequeney catheter abla-tion of atrial fibrillation (AF) guided by CFAEs is safe and effective.     

78例特发性右室流出道室速的射频导管消融和随访

目的 研究特发性右室室速射频导管消融的安全性和有效性。方法 78例发作时呈左束支阻滞图形伴电轴下偏的特发性右室流出道室速进行射频导管消融和随访,采用起搏标侧法,最佳起搏标测点（起搏时12导联心电图与自然发作室速的12导联心电图相同）为消融靶点。结果 78例中73例（93.5%)消融成功,消融靶点位于前,中和后间隔分别为33%、41%和26%。临床和电生理研究发现,特发性右室室速有两种类型,即室早室速型和单纯室速型;室早室速型43例,单纯室速型35例。随访0.5-7年,3例复发,除1例右束支传导阻滞外,无手术相关并发症。结论 射频消融治疗右室特发性室性心律失常安全有效。     

冠状静脉窦和左房电传导特性的研究

目的：通过冠状窦近端和远端起搏,比较阵发性房颤组和对照组冠状窦电图波形的改变、有效不应期的变化,探讨发生房颤的电学特征改变。方法：39例因心律失常行导管射频消融的患者,其中17为阵发性房颤患者,对照组22例。置入10极电生理导管至冠状窦,在X线下使导管的9～10极位于冠状窦口。固定程序S1S2400／360ms起搏冠状窦的近端和远端,2倍的起搏阈值,记录冠状窦电图。测定远端和近端起搏局部的有效不应期。结果：在冠状窦电图上有双电位和碎裂电位房颤组占13／17,对照组占5／22（P〈0．05）。房颤组CS1～2局部有效不应期（ERP）明显较对照组短（P〈0．05）;房颤组CS9-10处ERP和对照组比较无明显差异。结论：在房颤组冠状窦电图记录到双电位和碎裂电位,同时在冠状窦远端起搏时其ERP缩短,这些可能是房颤发生的基质。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者Epsilon波的检出率

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Epsilon wave in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventrieular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods The Epsilon wave was detected in 32 patients [24 men, mean age (42.3±13.3) years] with ARVC using three different electrocardiography (ECG) recording methods: standard twelve leads ECG (S-ECG), right precordial leads ECG (R-ECG) and Fontaine bipolar precordiai leads ECG (F-ECG). The Epsilon wave was defined as wiggle, small spike wave and smooth potential between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. Results Epsilon wave was detected in 37.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% patients with ARVC by S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG respectively. The detection rates derived from the three recording methods were similar(P ＞ 0.05). The Epsilon wave was only detectable by S-ECG in one case, by R-ECG in three cases, and by F-ECG in five cases. The detection rate of Epsilon wave was 50.0% by combined use of S-ECG and R-ECG (SR-ECG), 56.3% by combined use of S-ECG and F-ECG (SF-ECG), and 65.6% by combined use of the three recording methods (SRF-ECG). The detection rate was significantly higher by SF-ECG (56.3%) and SRF-ECG (65.6%) than by S-ECG alone (37.5%, all P ＜0.05). Most Epsilon waves detected by the S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG were small spiked waves. Conclusion Combined use of S-ECG, F-ECG and R-ECG could increase the detection rate of Epsilon wave in patients with ARVC.     

右心室室性心动过速患者时域法微伏级T波电交替特征及其临床意义

目的探讨右心室室性心动过速患者时域法微伏级T波电交替（MTWA）特征及其临床意义。方法采用活动平板时域法分别对35例致心律失常性右心室心肌病（ARVC）患者[其中男性28例,平均年龄（38．6±11,0）岁]、10例特发性右心室室性心动过速（IRVT）患者[其中男性7例,平均年龄（41．9±15．4）岁]和60例健康对照者[男性42例,平均年龄（41．0±14．9）岁]进行MTWA检测,记录胸前V1～V6导联的MTWA值,确定胸前各导联的最大值,以Max Valt表示。分析比较不同组别各导联MTWA值及Max Valt值的差异。结果ARVC组各导联MTWA值和Max Valt值均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）;IRVT组各导联的MTWA值和Max Valt值比对照组升高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;ARVC组和IRVT组比较,V4导联MTWA值及MaxVah值明显较高（P〈0．05）;接受者操作特性（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线分析表明,以Max Valt〉11．5μV鉴别诊断ARVC的敏感性为74．3％,特异性为80．0％;ARVC组中,近一年内有持续性室速发生的患者较无室速发作患者V2～V6导联的MTWA值以及Max Valt值的差异有统计学意义。结论渐量修正平均时域法检测显示,ARVC患者MTWA值和Max Valt值均明显升高．MTWA佰可以反映ARVC患者近期室性心动过速的发作。     

美托洛尔注射剂治疗快速房性心律失常的临床研究

目的观察静脉应用美托洛尔控制快速性房性心律失常心室率的有效性及安全性。方法30例快速性房性心律失常、心室率>120次/分的患者随机分为美托洛尔组和西地兰组。观察用药前(0min)、第二剂前、第三剂前;首剂用药后40,60,90min和120min时的心率和血压。用药后心室率降至100次/分以下或转复窦性心律为有效。结果30例快速性房性心律失常(心房颤动20例,心房扑动5例,房性心动过速5例)患者,男17例,女13例,年龄57.3±12.4岁,随机分入美托洛尔组和西地兰组。在60min内各观察时间点,美托洛尔组明显优于西地兰组,两组有效率分别为53.3%、86.7%、93.3%和93.3%对13.3%、20.0%、40.0%和60.0%。两组平均起效时间美托洛尔组为12.6±6.7min和西地兰组为53.0±28.4min,美托洛尔组明显短于西地兰组。120min内两组总有效率分别为93.3%、80%,无显著差异。结论静脉应用美托洛尔及西地兰均能有效安全地控制快速性房性心律失常的心室率,美托洛尔起效较西地兰更快。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对梗死心脏窦性心率震荡的影响

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)心肌移植后窦性心率震荡(HRT)的变化。方法除正常对照组(Control组,n=11)外,MSCs组(n=15)和心肌梗死(MI)组(n=14)经球囊导管堵闭左前降支法建立猪MI模型并分别移植MSCs悬液和等量生理盐水,6周后进行窦性HRT和心率变异性(HRV)分析。结果①与Control组比较,MI组规一化高频成分(HFnorm)降低(P<0.05),规一化低频成分(LFnorm)和LF/HF比值增高(P均<0.01),MSCs组LFnorm与MI组无差异,但HFnorm却较后者显著升高(P<0.05),以致LF/HF比值较后者显著降低(P<0.05)。②MI后正常HRT的双相反应几乎消失,与Control组比较,MI组震荡初始(TO)增大、震荡斜率(TS)减小(P均<0.01);MSCs移植后HRT的双相反应有所恢复,与MI组比较,MSCs组TO减小、TS增大(P均<0.01)。结论MSCs移植能显著改善MI后窦性HRT的双相反应,可能与MSCs移植改善MI后心脏迷走神经功能有关。     

短QT综合征

短QT综合征（short QT syndrome，SQTS）是一种以体表心电图QT间期明显缩短为特点，伴或不伴各种房性、室性心律失常，有高猝死风险的心脏离子通道病，自2000年Gussak等提出短QT综合征的概念以来，对该病的认识不断深入。现就近年短QT综合征的研究进展综述如下。