Effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin on the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α and endothelin-1 in rat carotid body exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia

The effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor apocynin on the enhanced hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression,elevated systolic blood pressure under chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) condition and its action mechanism were investigated.Thirty healthy 8-week old Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 each): sham group,CIH group,and apocynin-treated CIH group.Tail artery systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and ET-1 in the carotid body,and the HIF-1α protein expression was examined by using Western blotting.The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by using colorimetric method.In addition,the plasma ET-1 and HIF-1α levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.It was found that CIH exposure was associated with increased MDA levels,and apocynin-treated CIH animals showed reduction in MDA levels.Apocynin treatment prevented CIH-induced hypertension as well as CIH-induced decrease in SOD.The increases of HIF-1α and ET-1 mRNA along with HIF-1α protein expression in the carotid body,and elevated circulating HIF-1α and ET-1 levels were observed in CIH-exposed animals.Treatment with apocynin significantly decreased the ET-1 mRNA,HIF-1α protein expression and circulating HIF-1α level in CIH-exposed animals,and there was no statistically significant difference in the HIF-1α mRNA expression between CIH group and apocynin-treated group.These results indicated that apocynin alleviated CIH-induced hypertension by inhibiting NADPH oxidase,further leading to the reduced vasoconstrictor ET-1 level and oxidative stress.HIF-1α/ET-1 system signal pathway may interact with CIH-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress.Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity may hopefully serve as a useful strategy for prevention and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome-induced hypertension.     

第五届全国慢性阻塞性肺疾病学术会议纪要

由中华医学会呼吸病学分会慢性阻塞性肺疾病学组和<中华结核和呼吸杂志>编辑委员会联合举办,浙江大学呼吸疾病研究所协办的第五届全国慢性阻塞性肺疾病学术会议于2011年4月15一18日在浙江省杭州市举行.中华医学会呼吸病学分会前任主任委员刘又宁教授、中华医学会呼吸病学分会主任委员王辰教授亲临会议并作了重要发言.大会邀请了国内外相关专业的知名专家学者,就COPD患者的表型、临床表现,COPD肺血管炎症和肺动脉高压,以及COPD与OSAHS及心血管并发症等进行了专题报告和讨论.大会还收到了近百篇论文,来自全国的400余位长期从事COPD基础及临床研究工作的医务人员参加了本次会议.     

Clinical Characteristics of Hereditary Multiple Exostoses: A Retrospective Study of Mainland Chinese Cases in Recent 23 Years简

Hereditary multiple exostoses（HME） are an autosomal dominant skeletal disease with wide variations in clinical manifestations among different ethnic groups. This study investigated the epidemiology, clinical presentations, pathogenetic features and treatment strategies of HME in mainland China. We searched and reviewed the related cases published since 1990 by searching electronic databases, namely SinoMed database, Wanfang database, CNKI, Web of Science and PubMed as well as Google search engines. A total of 1051 cases of HME（male-to-female ratio 1.5：1） were investigated and the diagnosis was made in 83% before the age of 10 years. Approximately 96% patients had a family history. Long bones, ribs, scapula and pelvis were the frequently affected sites. Most patients were asymptomatic with multiple palpable masses. Common complications included angular deformities, impingement on neighbouring tissues and impaired articular function. Chondrosarcomas transformation occurred in 2% Chinese cases. Among the cases examined, about 18% had mutations in EXT1 and 28% in EXT2. Frameshift, nonsense and missense mutations represented the majority of HME-causing mutations. Diagnosis of HME was made based on the clinical presentations and radiological documentations. Most patients needed no treatment. Surgical treatment was often directed to remove symptomatic exostoses, particularly those of suspected malignancy degeneration, and correction of skeletal deformities. This study shows some variance from current literature regarding other ethnic populations and may provide valuable baseline assessment of the natural history of HME in mainland China.     

夜间胸闷伴憋气是否一定是冠心病

病例简介 患者,女,66岁,反复夜间胸闷、喘气近5年,有时伴夜间憋气,严重时可从睡眠中惊醒,醒后感胸闷不适,休息一会儿可好转。体格检查显示肥胖,双肺呼吸音清,心界不大,心音可,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,心律齐。     

胃癌术后患者败血症并ARDS 1例及文献复习

患者48岁女性,因发热1天入院.10月前行胃癌切除术,术后予奥沙利铂＋CF方案化疗4个周期.入院前一天因＂吻合口炎,胃癌术后＂从我院消化内科出院.本次入院查体：T：40.2℃,P 102次/min,RR 22次/min,BP 105/70 mmHg,神志清楚,急性病容,双肺叩诊呈清音,未闻及干湿啰音.查血常规示三系减少（其中血小板47 G/L）,凝血功能异常（PT延长16秒,APTT延长22秒,D-二聚体阳性,达到弥散性血管内凝血诊断标准）;胸片示：左下肺炎,入院诊断：1、肺部感染,弥散性血管内溶血（DIC）;2、胃癌术后.     

Effects of Shenmai and Aminophylline on Apoptosis of Small Airway Smooth Muscle Cells and the Expression of Relevant Genes in Rats with Emphysema

In the pathogenesis of emphysema,there arealways accompanied by terminal bronchiole pro-longed abnormal dilation of air chamber,destruc-tion of alveolar wall and small airway wall[1] .Byinvestigating the effects of Shenmai injection( SMI) and aminophylline on apoptosis of small air-way smooth muscle cells ( SASMC) and the Fas/Fas L expression in rat emphysema model inducedby instilling papain into intratracheal,we studytheir protection action and explore their mecha-nism.1　 MATERIAL S…     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与肥胖的相关分析

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气 (OSHAS)病人常见的临床表现 ,重点分析肥胖与其病情严重程度的关系。方法　对经睡眠多导监测仪 (PSG)确诊为OSHAS的 30 3例病人的临床资料行回顾性分析。结果　OSAHS病人最常见的症状为晨起口干和头痛 (89 1% ) ,最多见合并高血压 (37 6 % ) ,肥胖能加重OSAHS的发生发展。结论　OSAHS常发生在肥胖的中老年男性中 ,能导致心脑血管、精神障碍甚至猝死等一系列并发症 ,故减肥治疗应引起临床医师的高度重视。     

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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apneasyndrome,OSAS)是由于睡眠中周期性上气道塌陷,导致呼吸暂停和(或)通气不足,引起复杂多变的低氧血症、高碳酸血症、跨胸压的异常改变及频繁的微觉醒,影响到全身多个系统或器官,其中最为突出和严重的是心脑血管并发症。因此,OS     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征遗传相关性研究进展

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（SAHS）是一种很常见的睡眠障碍疾病，具有明显的家族聚集性。近年来，研究人员日益重视到遗传因素在SAHS中的重要性，而且发现SAHS的许多易感因素都具有复杂的遗传学基础。现就SAHS的易感因素及相关的候选基因作一综述。