慢性牙周炎单侧上颌第2磨牙伸长患者牙合接触特征的研究

目的：研究慢性牙周炎单侧上颌第2磨牙伸长患者的牙合接触特征。方法：针对30例慢性牙周炎下牙合第2磨牙缺失的患者，应用T－ScanⅢ咬合分析仪对单侧上颌第2磨牙伸长患者进行牙尖交错位、前伸及侧方运动的咬合记录，并与正常组咬合记录的结果作对照。结果：单侧上颌第2磨牙伸长组的牙合力中心距中线距离与正常对照组差异有统计学意义；单侧上颌第2磨牙伸长组的闭合时间、牙合分离时间与正常对照组相比较，差异均有统计学意义。早接触、牙合干扰出现率与慢性牙周病单侧上颌第2磨牙伸长存在相关性。结论：慢性牙周炎会加速无对颌牙的伸长，并且有加重牙合干扰的情况发生。     

原发性干燥综合征的临床首发症状分析

目的:了解原发性干燥综合征(pSS)的临床首发症状的特点,提高口腔科医生对此病的认识水平,以减少误诊漏诊。方法:对66例pSS的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:口腔首发症状出现频率为:口干47/66例,猛性龋19/66例,口腔溃疡6/66例,腮腺肿大6/66例;眼干38/66例,关节肿痛46/66例,唇腺活检阳性率最高为59/66,ANA、抗SSA、抗SSB、ESR、RF阳性分别为28/66,29/66,26/66,32/66,28/66,高γ-球蛋白血症57/66,IgG、IgA异常率为16/66,10/66。结论:pSS为全身性免疫性疾病,80%以上有高γ-球蛋白血症,口腔表现为口干、猛性龋。口干、眼干、关节肿痛依旧是pSS最常见首诊症状,唇腺活检,腮腺造影及抗核抗体谱对诊断有重要意义。     

低水平控制性降压对脊柱手术患者术后认知功能的影响

目的探讨低水平控制性降压对脊柱手术患者术后认知功能的影响。方法选择60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的择期在全麻下进行腰椎减压植骨内固定术的患者,随机分为正常血压组（C组）、临床水平控制性降压组（D1组）、低水平控制性降压组（D2组）。C组不予处理,D1组和D2组均在手术开始后持续输注硝普钠0．5～6μg/（kg·min）,使平均动脉压（MAP）在30min内达目标血压（D1组MAP55～65mmHg,D2组MAP45～50mmHg）。于术前1d（基础状态）,术后1、2、3、5d时记录简易智力状态检查表（MMSE）评分。结果与基础值比较,三组术后1、2、3、5d,MMSE评分比较差异无统计学意义;三组各时点MMES评分比较差异无统计学意义,均未发生术后认知功能障碍。结论低水平控制性降压对脊柱手术患者术后认知功能无明显影响。     

氟哌利多对丙泊酚麻醉患者意识消失时有效靶浓度的影响

目的探讨氟哌利多对丙泊酚麻醉患者意识消失时有效靶浓度的影响。方法择期手术患者80例,随机分为A、B、C、D组各20例。B、C、D组分别静注氟哌利多0.625、1.25、2.5 mg,A组注射生理盐水。10 min后靶控输注丙泊酚,记录各组患者意识消失时丙泊酚血浆靶浓度（Cp）和效应室靶浓度（Ce）,记录麻醉前及意识消失时的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）和脑电双频指数（BIS）及心脏不良事件发生例数。结果 B、C、D组与A组比较,患者意识消失时丙泊酚Cp、Ce均明显降低（P均〈0.01）,其中D组低于B、C组（P均〈0.01）。各组麻醉前BIS值均〉90,意识消失时BIS值为67±6,组间比较无明显差别（P均〉0.05）。与麻醉前相比,四组患者意识消失时HR、MAP和BIS值均降低（P均〈0.05）;与D组比较,A组患者意识消失时MAP明显降低（P〈0.05）。B、C、D组无心脏不良事件发生。结论安全剂量的氟哌利多可降低丙泊酚麻醉患者意识消失时的Cp和Ce,呈剂量依赖性,其中2.5 mg氟哌利多与丙泊酚靶控复合诱导血压相对平稳。     

右美托咪啶对异氟醚抑制切皮时患者体动反应的肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪啶对异氟醚抑制切皮时患者体动反应的肺泡气最低有效浓度(MAC)的影响.方法 择期全身麻醉下行上腹部手术患者,年龄40～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,体重指数22～27 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组:对照组(C组)、小剂量右美托咪啶组(D1组)和大剂量右美托咪啶组(D2组).麻醉诱导前静脉输注右美托咪啶(生理盐水稀释至15 ml)0.4 μg/kg(D1组)、0.8μg/kg(D2组)及生理盐水15 ml(C组),15 min内输注完毕.静脉注射芬太尼-异丙酚-琥珀酰胆碱麻醉诱导,气管插管后机械通气并开启异氟醚挥发罐.采用序贯法确定麻醉维持期间异氟醚的呼气末浓度,C组、D1组和D2组第1例患者异氟醚呼气末浓度分别设定为1.0%、0.8%和0.6%,当异氟醚呼气末浓度达到预设水平并维持15 min以上,且肌颤搐恢复到对照值90%以上时开始手术,相邻浓度差值为0.2%.于切皮时评估患者体动反应,以各交叉点异氟醚呼气末浓度的均数为MAC,并计算95%可信区间(CI).结果 C组、D1组和D2组入选病例分别为15、17和16例.异氟醚抑制切皮时体动反应的MAC及其95%CI分别为:C组(1.03±0.23)%(95%CI 0.83%～1.21%)、D1组(0.72±0.19)%(95%CI 0.58%～0.85%)、D2组(0.51±0.27)%(95%CI 0.30%～0.71%).与C组比较,D1组和D2组MAC降低(P＜0.01),D2组MAC明显低于D1组(P＜0.05).结论 右美托咪啶可明显降低异氟醚抑制切皮时患者体动反应的MAC,且与剂量有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane required to inhibit the body movement during skin incision. Methods Forty-eight ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 40-60 yr with body mass index of 22-27 kg/m2 undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (group C, n = 15);low dose dexmedetomidine group (group D1, n = 17) and high dose dexmedetomidine group (group D2, n = 16). The patients were unpremedicated. Dexmedetomidine 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg in normal saline (NS) 15 ml was infused over 15 min before induction of anesthesia in D1 and D2 groups respectively. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl-propofol-succinylcholine. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. MAC of isoflurane was determined by up-and-down technique. The initial end-tidal isofiurane concentration was set at 1.0%, 0.8% and 0.6% in C, D1 and D2 groups respectively. Each time the end-tidal isoflurane concentration was increased/decreased by 0.2%. Skin incision was made after 15 min of equilibration, when the twitch height returned to more than 90% of its control value. Movement of body and limbs including swallowing and coughing were carefully looked for when skin incision was made. MAC of isoflurane was the mean of end-tidal concentration of isoflurane of each crossover pair, and 95 % CI was calculated. Results MAC of isoflurane was significantly decreased in D1 and D2 groups as compared with group C and in group D2 as compared with group D1( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly decrease MAC of isoflurane required to inhibit the body movement during skin incision in a dose-dependent manner.     

右美托咪啶对舒芬太尼抑制甲状腺切除术患者切皮时体动反应半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对舒芬太尼抑制甲状腺切除术患者体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期行甲状腺双叶次全切除术患者,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～64岁,体重指数20～2.5 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组,D组经10 min静脉输注右美托咪啶0.6 μg/kg,C组给予等容量生理盐水,停止给药后5 min时开始靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度为3.0 μg/ml,输注10 min时,2组开始靶控输注舒芬太尼,第1例患者的效应室靶浓度为0.20ng/ml,输注舒芬太尼3 min时置入喉罩,保留自主呼吸,待舒芬太尼达到目标靶浓度后,开始手术.根据切皮时是否发生体动反应确定下一例患者舒芬太尼的靶浓度,相邻靶浓度比值为1.2.采用序贯法计算舒芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50及其95%可信区间(95%CI).结果 C组和D组样本数分别为19和20,舒芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50分别为0.1454 ng/ml(95%CI 0.1339～0.1580 ng/ml)和0.1148 ng/ml(95%CI 0.1055～0.1249 ng/ml),D组EC50低于C组(P＜0.05).结论 术前静脉注射右美托咪啶0.6 μg/kg可降低舒芬太尼抑制甲状腺切除术患者切皮时体动反应的EC50.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on median effective target effect-site concentration ( EC50) of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy. Methods Thirty-nine ASA I or II patients of both sexes aged 20-64 yr with a body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2 undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D). The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. In group D dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg was injected iv over 10 min at S min before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3.0 μg/ml which was maintained until the end of operation. TCI of sufentanil was started at 10 min after initiation of propofol TCI. The initial target effect-site concentration was set at 0.20 ng/ml and decreased/increased by 20% in the next patient according to whether the patient's body moved or not within 1 min after skin incision. Laryngeal mask airway was inserted at 3 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. Spontaneous breathing was maintained. Skin incision was made at 10 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of sufentanil inhibiting skin incision-evoked body movement were calculated with sequential method. Results EC50, of sufentanil was 0.1148 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1055-0.1249 ng/ml) in group D and 0.1454 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1339-0.1580 ng/ml) in group C, and was significantly lower in group D than in group C. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg infused iv before operation can reduce the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy.     

口腔颌面部恶性黑色素瘤的CT表现

目的：评价口腔颌面部恶性黑色素瘤的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析了经CT检查的口腔颌面颈恶性黑色素瘤病例15例(23灶)。CT检查包括平扫(15例,23灶)和增强(12例,19灶)。所有病例均经病理检查证实。结果：22/23灶恶性黑色素瘤在CT检查中呈阳性表现．包括原发病变14灶和颈部淋巴结转移性病变8灶。病变呈软组织肿块者20灶,黏膜增厚者2灶(均为原发灶)。病变边缘不清者18灶,边缘清晰者4灶。增强CT显示：不均匀强化者9灶,均匀强化者5灶,无强化者5灶。病变压迫颈静脉变形3灶,侵犯上颌骨7灶,侵犯下颌骨2灶。结论：口腔颌面部恶性黑色素瘤的CT表现具有多样性。病变多以边界不清并有增强的软组织肿块为特点。     

探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗中老年晚期结肠癌的疗效

目的探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗中老年晚期结肠癌的疗效。方法选取2010年2月-2012年3月期间我院收治的84例中老年晚期结肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分为对照组和联合组,观察两组患者的临床疗效。结果联合组的总有效率（57.1%）明显高于对照组的总有效率（50.0%）（t=2.685,P=0.018〈0.05）。结论奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗中老年晚期结肠癌患者具有明显的疗效,为患者提供更加安全有效的治疗方案,提高临床治疗效果。     

氟化物对变形链球菌生长和产酸影响的体外实验研究

目的:通过研究氟化物浓度对致龋菌生长和代谢的影响,以进一步阐明氟化物的防龋机制。方法:在含有不同浓度(0～1.0%)氟化钠的培养基内培养变形链球菌标准菌株,以分光光度法检测培养前后培养基光密度值(OD值),以反映变形链球菌的生长情况;以复合玻璃pH电极法检测培养前后培养基pH的变化(△pH),以反映变形链球菌的产酸代谢情况。结果:与对照组相比,各实验组变形链球菌的生长受到明显抑制,且随着培养基内氟化钠浓度的增加,变形链球菌的数量呈浓度依赖性减少;同时随着培养基内氟化钠浓度的增加,各组培养基的pH变化也逐渐减小,当氟化钠的浓度达0.5%～1.0%时,培养前、后培养基的pH几乎未发生明显的变化。各组培养基的OD值与△pH间无明显相关性。结论:氟化钠可显著抑制致龋菌的生长及产酸代谢活动,但氟化钠可能主要通过干扰牙菌斑内致龋菌的产酸代谢活动来发挥其局部防龋作用,而其对致龋菌生长的抑制或杀灭仅起次要作用。