碘诱发NOD和Balb/c小鼠甲状腺炎的实验研究

Objective To observe the different effects of iodine excess on inducing two strain mice thyroiditis. Methods NOD and Balb/c mice, each having 14 mice, were divided into NaI and control group. The mice were given 0.05% NaI water for 8 weeks in NaI group. RIA and ELISA were used respectively to detect TT4, TgAb, TPOAb and TSH level in serum. Morphology changes of thyroid and apoptosis of thyrocytes stained by immunohistochemistry were observed under light microscope. Lymphocytic proliferation of cervical lymph node and spleen to responding to Tg were detected by MTr method. Results After intake of iodine water for 8 weeks, NOD and Balb/c mice showed relative quality of thyroid in Nal group[(104.83±14.52), (155.79±20.77)mg/kg]obviously increased compared with control group[(71.80±20.42), (105.15±21.98)mg/kg, t values:-3.293,-4.429, all P< 0.01)], enlarged follicular lumen with colloid accumulation were observed in thyroid. Serum level of TT4 in Nal group [(29.52±4.42), (19.53± 2.35)nmol/L]to control group[33.40±5.38), (23.47±6.22)nmol/L]of NOD and Balb/c mice showed a decreasing tendency(t values: 1.374,1.567, all P > 0.05). TSH of Nal group showed an increasing tendency in Balb/c mice[(4.14±1.71)μg/L, compared with control [(3.55±1.41)μg/L, t values:-0.705, P > 0.05]and obviously increased in NOD mice [(6.98±0.66)μg/L, compared with control[(555±056)μg/L, t values:-3.562, P< 0.01], but no change of TgAb and TPOAb level in Nal group(1281,1364 cpm, 2.50×103, 0.14×103U/L were observed, compared with control(1297,1220 cpm, 3.17×103,0.03×103 U/L; Zvalues:-0.081,-0.703, -0.244,-1.293, all P > 0.05). In NOD mice NaI group, apoptosis of thyrocytes was more intense than Balb/c mice, obvious infiltration of lymphoeytes, disorganization and focus fibrosis was seen in thyroid. The cell amount of NaI group increased in NOD mice lymph node and spleen cells[(1.100±0.014), (1.076±0.033)]were more than that in the control group [(0.993±0.011), (1.005±0.003), t value:-11.672,-4.314, P < 0.01). Conclusions Iodine leads to enlargement of thyroid and malfunction of thyroid in Balb/c mice. Besides, NOD mice have generate inflammatory reaction in thyroid and produced sensitized lymphocytes to Tg. Iodine excess can induce NOD mice to occur autoimmune thyroiditis.     

碘过量和甲状腺球蛋白免疫诱发NOD小鼠甲状腺炎的病变特征

Objective To observe the pathological characteristics of thyroiditis induced by iodine excess and thyroglobulin (Tg) immunization and to explore the mechanism of thyroiditis induced by iodine excess. Methods NOD mice were used for intaking 0.05% Nal water and(or) Tg immunization. Morphologic change in thyroid and apoptosis were observed. The levels of serum TT4, TSH, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured. Responding to Tg, lymphocytic proliferation of lymph node and spleen, interleukin-4(IL-4)and γ-interferon(IFN-γ) levels in culture medium of splenocytes were detected. Real-time PCR Was used to detect mRNA expressions of IL-4, IFN-γ, chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and intercellular adhesion molecular-1(ICAM-1) in thyroid. Results Distended thyroid follicles,colloid accumulation, intense lymphocytic infiltration and disorganization were seen in thyroid of iodine excess group, along with increased apoptosis of thyroid cells(34.66～ 2.78 vs 5.11±0.62 ,P<0.01). The levels of TT4 were lowered while TSH raised ,but no production of thyroid-specific autoantibodies was revealed. Lymph node and spleen cells showed positive respornse under stimulation of Tg. The level of IFN-γ[(1. 272±0.049 vs 1. 139±0. 025)ng/L,P<0. 01] was raised in culture medium of splenocytes but not IL-4. The expression of IFN-γ, CXCLI0 and ICAM-1 mRNA were increased in thyroid. But in Tg group, some lymphocytes were scattered in thyroid, autoantibodies emerged ,and the level of IL-4 was increased in cuhure medium of splenocytes[(18. 508±0. 113 vs 13. 368±0. 016)ng/L, P<0. 01]. ledine excess combined with Tg enhanced these inflammatory reaction. Conclusion Iodine excess induced thyroiditis in NOD mice. The process seems to be Th1 response dominant organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Iodine excess and Tg immunizatiou play a synergistic role in inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.     

同期双原发胃癌合并肾平滑肌肉瘤：1例报告

目的：报道1例罕见的胃癌合并肾平滑肌肉瘤病例,探讨其临床特点及诊治方法,以提高对独立多部位原发恶性肿瘤的认识。方法：通过对1例胃癌合并肾平滑肌肉瘤的同时性双原发肿瘤患者的诊治过程分析,结合国内外相关文献报道,总结该类患者的临床诊治经验。结果：本例胃癌合并肾平滑肌肉瘤患者在体检时发现右肾占位,外科手术切除后病理诊断为右肾平滑肌肉瘤。术后胃镜活检确诊为胃窦腺癌。化疗3个周期后行胃肿瘤手术切除。术后发现颈部淋巴结和肺转移,穿刺病理诊断为平滑肌肉瘤转移。经化疗、放疗和靶向治疗后,患者病情稳定,生存期已超过3年。结论：同时性双原发胃癌和肾平滑肌肉瘤极为罕见,诊断需排除原发肿瘤转移可能。本例患者在肾平滑肌肉瘤术后随访期间确诊原发胃窦腺癌。左侧颈部淋巴结为胃癌常见转移部位,而该例患者病理确诊为肾平滑肌肉瘤转移。虽处于肿瘤晚期,经多学科协作综合治疗,在保证患者较好的生活质量的同时,延长了生存期。     

碘过量和甲状腺球蛋白免疫诱发NOD小鼠甲状腺炎的病变特征

Objective To observe the pathological characteristics of thyroiditis induced by iodine excess and thyroglobulin (Tg) immunization and to explore the mechanism of thyroiditis induced by iodine excess. Methods NOD mice were used for intaking 0.05% Nal water and(or) Tg immunization. Morphologic change in thyroid and apoptosis were observed. The levels of serum TT4, TSH, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured. Responding to Tg, lymphocytic proliferation of lymph node and spleen, interleukin-4(IL-4)and γ-interferon(IFN-γ) levels in culture medium of splenocytes were detected. Real-time PCR Was used to detect mRNA expressions of IL-4, IFN-γ, chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and intercellular adhesion molecular-1(ICAM-1) in thyroid. Results Distended thyroid follicles,colloid accumulation, intense lymphocytic infiltration and disorganization were seen in thyroid of iodine excess group, along with increased apoptosis of thyroid cells(34.66～ 2.78 vs 5.11±0.62 ,P<0.01). The levels of TT4 were lowered while TSH raised ,but no production of thyroid-specific autoantibodies was revealed. Lymph node and spleen cells showed positive respornse under stimulation of Tg. The level of IFN-γ[(1. 272±0.049 vs 1. 139±0. 025)ng/L,P<0. 01] was raised in culture medium of splenocytes but not IL-4. The expression of IFN-γ, CXCLI0 and ICAM-1 mRNA were increased in thyroid. But in Tg group, some lymphocytes were scattered in thyroid, autoantibodies emerged ,and the level of IL-4 was increased in cuhure medium of splenocytes[(18. 508±0. 113 vs 13. 368±0. 016)ng/L, P<0. 01]. ledine excess combined with Tg enhanced these inflammatory reaction. Conclusion Iodine excess induced thyroiditis in NOD mice. The process seems to be Th1 response dominant organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Iodine excess and Tg immunizatiou play a synergistic role in inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.     

碘过量和甲状腺球蛋白免疫诱发NOD小鼠甲状腺炎的病变特征

Objective To observe the pathological characteristics of thyroiditis induced by iodine excess and thyroglobulin (Tg) immunization and to explore the mechanism of thyroiditis induced by iodine excess. Methods NOD mice were used for intaking 0.05% Nal water and(or) Tg immunization. Morphologic change in thyroid and apoptosis were observed. The levels of serum TT4, TSH, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured. Responding to Tg, lymphocytic proliferation of lymph node and spleen, interleukin-4(IL-4)and γ-interferon(IFN-γ) levels in culture medium of splenocytes were detected. Real-time PCR Was used to detect mRNA expressions of IL-4, IFN-γ, chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and intercellular adhesion molecular-1(ICAM-1) in thyroid. Results Distended thyroid follicles,colloid accumulation, intense lymphocytic infiltration and disorganization were seen in thyroid of iodine excess group, along with increased apoptosis of thyroid cells(34.66～ 2.78 vs 5.11±0.62 ,P<0.01). The levels of TT4 were lowered while TSH raised ,but no production of thyroid-specific autoantibodies was revealed. Lymph node and spleen cells showed positive respornse under stimulation of Tg. The level of IFN-γ[(1. 272±0.049 vs 1. 139±0. 025)ng/L,P<0. 01] was raised in culture medium of splenocytes but not IL-4. The expression of IFN-γ, CXCLI0 and ICAM-1 mRNA were increased in thyroid. But in Tg group, some lymphocytes were scattered in thyroid, autoantibodies emerged ,and the level of IL-4 was increased in cuhure medium of splenocytes[(18. 508±0. 113 vs 13. 368±0. 016)ng/L, P<0. 01]. ledine excess combined with Tg enhanced these inflammatory reaction. Conclusion Iodine excess induced thyroiditis in NOD mice. The process seems to be Th1 response dominant organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Iodine excess and Tg immunizatiou play a synergistic role in inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.     

上海石化地区老年人血吸虫病相关性结直肠癌临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨血吸虫病对老年人结直肠癌组织学分型、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移等恶性生物学行为以及预后的影响.方法 收集我院2004年1月至2010年12月间60岁及以上老年人结直肠癌根治标本184例,分为两组:血吸虫病相关结直肠癌(colorectal carcinoma with schistosomiasia,CRCS)组102例,单纯结直肠癌(colorectal carcinoma,CRC)组82例.以CRC组为对照,分析血吸虫病对老年人结直肠癌临床病理特征的影响.同时,收集2004年1月至2006年12月间40例老年人结直肠癌预后资料并进行相关分析.结果 184例老年人结直肠癌中55.4％(102/184)合并血吸虫病.与CRC组比较,老年人结直肠癌发生部位、生长方式、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期与血吸虫病密切相关(x2值分别为16.53、10.81、10.46、6.71、3.90、5.73,均P＜0.05).生存分析发现血吸虫病对老年人结直肠癌患者生存时间影响不明显(x2=0.14,P＞0.05).结论 合并血吸虫病与老年人结直肠癌的恶性生物学行为有关,但对术后生存时间无显著影响.     

环氧合酶-2在不同病理类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在不同病理类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)组织中的表达及其与患者临床特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测96例NHL和20例恶性肿瘤患者切除组织中未累及之淋巴结中COX-2的表达,回顾性分析患者的分期、分组、结外侵犯等临床特征。结果:COX-2在NHL中的阳性表达率为39%(37/96),对照组为15%(3/20),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同病理类型之间COX-2表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中鼻型结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区淋巴瘤(MALT淋巴瘤)、血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤组织中COX-2阳性率分别为83%(10/12)、71%(5/7)和57%(4/7)。有结外侵犯的患者COX-2阳性率显著高于无结外侵犯者(P<0.01),有无B组症状的NHL患者之间COX-2阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:NHL中COX-2表达上调,但不同病理类型之间COX-2表达差异较大,高表达COX-2的NHL患者易于出现结外侵犯及B组症状。     

老年前期及老年期甲状腺乳头状癌C-MET和PP60C-SRC蛋白的表达

目的探讨45岁以上老年前期及老年期甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)组织中C-MET和PP60C-SRC蛋白表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学染色法分别检测27例45岁以上老年前期及老年期PTC组织、31例45岁以下人群PTC组织和27例甲状腺良性病变(腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿)组织C-MET和PP60SRC蛋白表达。结果 C-MET在PTC中表达阳性率:老年前期及老年组为96.3%,45岁以下组为74.2%,甲状腺良性病变组为33.3%,各组差异显著(均P<0.05)。PP60C-SRC在癌组织中表达阳性率:老年前期及老年组为66.7%,45岁以下组为64.5%,甲状腺良性病变组为18.5%,PTC组与甲状腺良性病变组差异显著(P<0.05),但不同年龄组PTC中PP60C-SRC表达差异无统计学意义。结论 C-MET和PP60C-SRC在PTC存在高表达,且C-MET随年龄的增加有表达上调的趋势。     

碘过量和多聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸及甲状腺球蛋白诱发小鼠甲状腺炎对Toll样受体3表达的影响

目的 观察碘过量(high iodine,HI)和多聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸[Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic acid,Poly (I:C),Poly]及甲状腺球蛋白(Thyroglobulin,TG)诱发小鼠甲状腺炎对Toll样受体3(Toll-like receptor 3,TLR3)表达的影响,探讨TLR3在自身免疫性甲状腺炎发病中的作用.方法 NOD(Non-obese diabetic)小鼠42只,体质量(20±3)g.按体质量将小鼠随机分为6组:对照组、HI组、Poly组、TG组、HI+TG组、HI+Poly组,每组7只.对照组:饮用去离子水,腹腔注射生理盐水0.1 ml,每天1次,连续1周,在处死小鼠前1周隔日1次,同样剂量生理盐水再注射3次;HI组:饮用0.05%的碘化钠去离子水,腹腔注射生理盐水(同对照组);Poly 组:饮用去离子水,腹腔注射0.1 ml Poly(1 g/L,按5 mg/kg体质量),每天1次,连续1周,处死前1周隔日1次,同剂量Poly再注射3次;TG组:饮去离子水,腹腔注射生理盐水(同对照组),皮下免疫猪TG 0.1 mg,在喂养第4、8周时分别再加强免疫1次,剂量减半;HI+Poly组:给药方法同HI组和Poly组;HI+TG组:给药方法同HI组和TG组.喂养8周后处死小鼠,取出甲状腺组织,冰冻切片、常规HE染色,光镜下观察小鼠甲状腺组织形态学变化:根据甲状腺组织炎细胞浸润数量及浸润范围、滤泡破坏范围等进行炎症程度分级;应用TLR3抗体对甲状腺切片进行免疫荧光染色,荧光显微镜下观察TLR3的表达,体视学分析甲状腺TLR3阳性细胞数密度变化.结果光镜下,Poly组甲状腺未见炎细胞浸润,HI组和TG组小鼠甲状腺都有不同程度的炎细胞浸润,HI+TG组和HI+Poly组甲状腺炎症细胞浸润和甲状腺滤泡破坏严重,炎症分级均在"++"以上.免疫荧光显示.HI组和Poly组的甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞可见到TLR3表达,在HI组和HI+Poly组炎症区域出现TLR3表达强阳性的炎症细胞.体视学分析甲状腺TLR3阳性细胞数密度,对照组、HI组、Poly组、TG组、HI+TG组、HI+Poly组组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=7.870,P<0.01);与对照组[(0.062±0.025)mm2]比较,HI+Poly组[(9.287±0.522)mm2]增加最为显著(P<0.01),而且HI+Poly组高于HI组[(2.570±0.257)mm2]和Poly组[(1.361±0.148)mm2,P均<0.01],HI+TG组[(4.843±0.405)mm2]高于HI组和TG组[(1.601±0.268)mm2,P均<0.01].结论 HI和TG免疫可诱发NOD鼠发生甲状腺炎,并刺激甲状腺滤泡上皮表达TLR3,Poly加重了HI诱发的NOD鼠甲状腺炎的病理变化过程;浸润的炎症细胞中亦有TLR3强阳性的细胞,提示TLR3途径参与了自身免疫性甲状腺炎的发病过程.     

碘过量和甲状腺球蛋白免疫诱发NOD小鼠甲状腺炎的病变特征

目的 观察碘过量和甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)免疫诱发甲状腺炎的病变特点,进一步了解碘过量在自身免疫性甲状腺炎发病中的作用机制.方法 选用NOD小鼠,饮0.05%碘化钠(NaI)水和(或)Tg皮下免疫.观察甲状腺形态学改变和细胞凋亡情况;检测血清中TT4、TSH、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平;检测颈部淋巴结和脾脏淋巴细胞对Tg刺激的增殖反应和脾脏细胞培养上清中白细胞介素4(IL-4)和1γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平;实时荧光定量PCR法检测甲状腺绀织内IL-4、IFN-γ、趋化冈子配体10(CXCL10)、细胞间黏附因子1(ICAM-1)mRNA的表达.结果 碘过量组甲状腺滤泡扩张、胶质潴留;大昔淋巴细胞浸润和结构破坏;滤泡上皮细胞凋亡数量增加(34.66±2.78//vs 5.1 1±0.62,P<0.01);总T4下降、TSH升高,无自身抗体产生;淋巴结和脾脏细胞对Tg刺激增殖实验呈阳性反应.脾脏细胞上清中IL-4水平无升高,而IFN-升γ高[(1.272±0.049 vs 1.139±0.025)ng/L,P<0.01];甲状腺组织中除了IL4外,IFN-γ、CXCL10、ICAM-1 mRNA表达升高(均P<0.01).而Tg组甲状腺内有少量散在淋巴细胞浸润,产生了甲状腺自身抗体,脾脏细胞上清中IL-4水平升高[(18.508±0.113绑13.368±0.016)ng/L,P<0.01].碘和Tg联合作用炎症反应加重.结论 碘过量所致的NOD小鼠甲状腺炎主要是以Th1反应为主的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病.碘过量联合Tg免疫对诱发实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎具有协同作用.