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正卒中领域的热点,自2015年血管内治疗急性缺血性卒中的多中心随机临床试验(Multicenter Randomized CLinical trial of Endovascular treatment for Acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands,MR CLEAN)等临床试验的成功,标志着卒中治疗进入到血管内治疗的时代。对于前循环大血管闭塞缺血性卒中血管内治疗,目前指南推     

急性缺血性卒中治疗时间窗的研究进展

急性缺血性卒中再通治疗是一个多因素、多环节作用的复杂临床干预过程。在长期的临床 实践过程中,“时间窗”是一个普遍沿用的概念。早在1996年,3 h内溶栓治疗就已经被证明是急性缺 血性卒中的有效治疗手段,然而获得治疗的患者很少,除了治疗时间窗的限制、未能及时就诊等原因, 单纯的“时间窗”往往提供不了足够的信息以保证溶栓治疗的安全性和有效性。基础血管病变、侧支 循环和缺血耐受的不同,时间窗是否也存在个体差异呢？随着神经影像技术的发展与进步,20多年 来国内外学者一直致力于延长卒中治疗时间窗等方面的研究。     

细胞外囊泡与缺血性卒中

目前,卒中是全世界范围内死亡和致残的主要原因之一。最新的研究发现细胞外囊泡 （extracellular vesicle,EV）,通过水平转移母体细胞的蛋白质和核酸,参与细胞间通讯并调节受体细 胞的生物学功能。EV介导的细胞间通讯与卒中的发生、发展密切相关,并逐步成为卒中防治研究的 热点。本文就EV内含物的分子组成与生物学功能在缺血性卒中发生、发展中的作用做简要综述。     

颈动脉球囊扩张支架置入术后持续性低血压危险因素分析

目的探讨颈动脉球囊扩张支架置入(CAAS)术后发生持续性低血压的危险因素。方法收集CAAS术患者177例资料,分析术后发生持续性低血压的危险因素。结果 177例中,出现持续性低血压92例。单因素分析提示,球囊直径、球囊长度、扩张次数、扩张持续时间、扩张压力、双侧颈动脉支架与术后发生持续性低血压有关(P<0.05)。Logistic回归Forward LR法分析提示,双侧颈动脉支架、球囊扩张持续时间≥5s、球囊扩张压力>8atm是发生术后持续性低血压的独立危险因素。结论双侧颈动脉支架置入、球囊扩张压力>8atm、扩张持续时间≥5s的患者术后易出现持续性低血压。     

临床症状与弥散加权成像不匹配的基底动脉急性闭塞患者的血管内再通治疗

目的 探讨临床症状与弥散加权成像不匹配(CDM),且起病时间≥24h的基底动脉急性闭塞(BAO)患者行血管内再通治疗(ERT)的可行性. 方法 共纳入11例起病时间≥24h入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分＜8分、弥散加权成像( DWI)未发现脑干网状结构和双侧丘脑有损害的患者.单独或联合使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂...     

脑血管病的介入治疗——从指南到实践

脑血管病是一种常见病、多发病,其中包括出血性脑血管病和缺血性脑血管病。而缺血性脑血管病占脑血管病发生率的80%以上,因此对其进行积极的防治具有非常重要的意义。近年来,神经血管介入研究的发展对脑血管病的防治起到了重     

成人MMD确诊时间的影响因素分析

目的 分析成人烟雾病(MMD)确诊时间的影响因素,为MMD的早期诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析南京军区南京总医院神经内科自2008年8月至2009年12月首次确诊的65例成人MMD患者的临床资料,Logistic回归分析影响确诊时间的相关因素.结果 65例患者中早期确诊患者41例(63.1%),晚期确诊24例(36.9%).早期确诊组患者首诊于三级医院、文化程度和经济水平较高、首发症状为出血性卒中患者比例均高于晚期确诊组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示患者的确诊时间与首发症状、首诊医院等级有关,首发症状为出血性卒中、首诊医院级别为三级的患者其确诊时间较短.结论 MMD患者首发症状为出血性卒中、首诊医院级别为三级的患者其确诊时间较短.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素分析

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素. 方法 选择行DSA检查的334例缺血性脑血管病患者,根据颈内动脉颅外段血管走行分为血管折曲组(血管成角小于90°定义为血管折曲,110例)和血管无折曲组(血管成角大于90°或盘曲成环状定义为血管无折曲,224例),根据患者年龄分为青年组(18～45岁)、中年组(46～64岁)和老年组(≥65岁).对于可能影响患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素,如性别、年龄、身高、颈动脉狭窄程度和脑血管病危险因素等进行统计学分析. 结果 单因素分析发现,患者年龄、高血压病史、吸烟史、酗酒史、身高、性别比例在血管折曲组和血管无折曲组中差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);logistic回归分析显示,高血压病史(OR=2.546,95%CI:1.376～4.712,P=0.003)、年龄(以18～45岁为参照组,46～64岁组OR=2.610,95%CI:1.056～6.452,P=0.038;≥65岁组OR=2.929,95%CI:1.159～7.401,P=0.023)与患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲有明显相关性. 结论 高血压病史和年龄是缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的重要影响因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of kinking of extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) in patients with transient ischemic attack. Methods Three hundred and thirty-four patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease performed digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were chosen; they were divided into 2 groups according to vascular morphology through DSA detection: kinking group (angulation smaller than 90°, n=110) and non-kinking group (angulation larger than 90°, n=224). According to the age, the patients were divided into youth group (18-45 years old),middle age group (46-64 years old) and elderly group (older than 65 years old). The influencing factors which may be related to the kinking of EICA, including gender, age, height and stenosis degree, and the risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases were statistically analyzed. Results Univariate analysis found that the kinking group and non-kinking group on the ratio of age, gender, height, and histories of hypertension, smoking and drinking were significantly different (P＜0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the kinking of EICA was obviously correlated to the history of hypertension (OR=2.546, 95% CI: 1.376-4.712, P=0.003) and age (taking youth group as reference group, middle age group:OR=2.610, 95% CI: 1.056-6.452, P=0.038, elderly group: OR=2.929, 95% CI: 1.159-7.401, P=0.023).Conclusion The history of hypertension and age are identified as independent predictors for kinking of EICA in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.     

缺血性卒中血管内治疗的现状与展望

经过20余年的发展,脑血管内治疗技术在应用材料和临床经验上已取得了显著的进步。一些相关随机对照临床试验的中远期随访结果亦相继公布,为脑血管病的血管内治疗提供了重要证据。介入治疗技术在急性缺血性卒中后血管再通方面的应用研究尤其发展迅速,笔者拟就血管内治疗技术在缺血性脑血管病中的治疗现状和发展趋势进行简要综述。     

成年烟雾病患者脑微出血的初步研究

Objective To investigate the incidence,distribution patterns,and influencing factors of cerebral microbleed (CMB) in Chinese adult patients with moyamoya disease.Methods Thirty consecutive patients with moyamoya disease confirmed by digital subtraction angiography from the Nanking Stroke Registry Program were included.All patients performed conventional MRI sequences (3.0 T) and susceptibility-weighted imaging.The clinical data,such as medical history,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,and white matter lesions were collected.Their fasting blood glucose levels and fibrinogen levels were detected.The numbers of CMB lesion,distribution information,and their relationship with various clinical parameters in patients with moyamoya disease were analyzed.Results Among the 30 subjects included,14 CMBs were detected in 10 patients from 11 hemispheres.The distribution of the lesions was mainly in deep brains (71.4%),especially in the periventricular white matter (50.0%).There was no statistical difference in age,gender,hemorrhage symptoms,blood pressure,white mater lesions,and plasma fibrinogen levels between the CMB positive group and CMB negative group.However,the fasting blood glucose levels in the former was significantly higher than those in the latter (8.0 ± 4.1 mmol/Lvs.4.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L;P =0.035).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the increased fasting blood glucose level was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of CMBs in adult patients with moyamoya disease (OR = 10.992,95% CI 1.325-91.218;P=0.026).Conclusions The CMB lesions are susceptible to Chinese adult patients with moyamoya disease in deep brains,especially in the periventricular white matter.The fasting blood glucose level may influence the incidence of CMBs in patients with moyamoya disease.