癌症化疗患者600余例选用静脉通道的护理体会

1999～2003年我科住院化疗癌症病人(乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、肝癌)等计600余例，进行不同周期的化疗。化疗期间静脉通道是癌症病人主要治疗方法之一，为了顺利完成各周期的化疗，静脉通道的选用和护理显得十分重要。     

硬膜外,脑室引流的管理

神经外科术后患，放置脑室，脑池引流装置的情况很多，重点介绍有关蛛网膜下腔出血术后行脑，脑池及硬膜外引流患的护理。     

通过视动整合训练开发儿童智力的研究

运用视动整合训练开发儿童智力,即让小儿通过手的动作达到视觉和动觉联合的协调运动。对2岁组、3岁组和纵向观察组(0～5岁)共计86名儿童的实验结果表明,接受训练的2岁组,3岁组儿童平均智商显著高于同龄散居儿童组和同一幼儿园同龄儿童组(P<0.01);尤以纵向观察组儿童智力发展最好。本文提示小儿从出生后即由家长对其进行视动整合训练是促进儿童智力发展的有力措施;向家长传授视动整合训练开发儿童智力的原则,而不只是一种方法,家长能够根据这一原则因人而宜、就地取材地创造多种训练方法和教具是开发儿童智力潜能的关键。     

新生儿胃壁自发性破裂

本文对12例新生儿胃壁自发性破裂作了临床分析,这些病儿多数为未成熟儿,无明显围产期应激史,但生后早期往往先有呕吐、拒食、上腹胀,以后才出现突发消化道穿孔腹膜炎征象,由此作者提出本病在临床上一般可分为二期,第一期为胃壁肌层裂开期,第二期才为粘膜坏死穿孔期,其病因是由于新生儿胃功能性梗阻引起胃内高压加上胃壁肌层潜在薄弱点双重因素所致的机械性撕裂。要求临床上提高警惕争取在肌层裂开期作出诊断,及早施行手术以降低此病的高度死亡率。     

急性运动轴索型多发性神经病神经电生理异常分布的研究

吉兰-巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome．GBS)是临床上急性迟缓性瘫痪的常见病因。根据其电生理和神经病理表现．可分为急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病(acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy．AIDP)和轴索型多发性神经病。轴索型GBS进一步分为急性运动轴索型多发性神经病(acute motor axonal neuropathy．AMAN)和     

静脉输液教具的改革

《护理学基础》静脉输液操作示教多是在模型人上进行教学,模型人手背上无血管标志,致使学生在练习静脉输液操作时无法达到真实的操作效果,故对现有模型教具进行了改革,收到了很好的教学效果。具体方法如下。1　方法　　取橡皮管1根,一端打成死结,将打成死结的那端用胶布或绷带固定于模型人的肘关节处,另一端沿手背模型经指缝至床铺下的治疗桶内备用。2　使用效果　　经过改制加工的模型手背替代血管,可以让学生练习静脉穿刺进针的手法、要领及系统的操作步骤,同时能够观察滴速、调节滴速,学生得到了较真实的体验,收到了良好的教学效果,保证…     

小腿后部各区穿支间的关系与皮瓣设计

Objective To study the anastomotic relationships of perforators in each zone of the poste-rior leg and design perforating flaps for clinic. Methods Six fresh cadavers underwent a whole body, intra-arterial injection of a lead oxide and gelatine preparation. The posterior part of leg is divided into upper, mid-die and below equal parts, Observe topography of the perforating branches in every district by layer, and mea-sured their location, diameter, course, branches and anastomosis pattern. Radiographs of tissue specimens were digitally analyzed. Results There were 13 perforators that diameter≥ 0.5 mm, the average external diameter was 0.8 mm. The areas of each perforator supplied was average 38 cm2. Perforators from popliteal artery was identified an area 4 cm wide, around the intersection of two lines, a line drawn between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femurs, and the midline of posterior leg. The areas of the every perforator sup-plied was 55 cm2. These vessels were large in diameter and create multiple true anastomoses with the perfora-tors from the posterior tibial artery or fibular artery. Perforating branches were small in the below part, a long perforator chain comprised of two to three perforators accompanies the Achilles tendon. Conclusion The perforator flaps deviced by perforators from the posterior leg may be transplanted to the lower limbs and the other part of the body. The perforators located in the middle zone of the leg are larger. Free posterior tibial or peroneal perforator-based flaps are reliable, relatively large, and have thin flaps. The upper and lower zones were the larger donor site for the proximal or distally pedicled perforator flap harvest.     

0.1%洗必泰醇用于空气消毒的观察

空气消毒是防止交叉感染的重要措施。医院内常用的空气消素养本法较多，但各有弊端。例如紫外线照射产生的臭氧，不仅气味难闻，且臭氧在空气中超过一定含量才可致胸问、憋气、头痛．甚至发生肺水肿、窒息等严重毒副反应[1]；甲醛空气消毒后，空气中遗留强烈的刺激性气味，持续时间较长且对人体健康有害，故有报道[2]认为甲醛不宜作为常规空气消毒剂使用。为此．我们于1992年3月至1994年6月用0.1％洗必泰醇喷雾用于空气消毒，并进行了临床试验。介绍如下。1材料与方法1．亚观察组用0．1％洗必素酶喷雾，对照组分为对照1组和对照2组．分别用…     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术的围手术期护理

我院自2000年以来，应用经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TUEVAP)治疗前列腺增生患者47例，现将此类患者的护理体会介绍如下。