2007年重庆市云阳县和璧山县8～10岁儿童尿碘水平分析

目的 了解重庆市抽样地区人群尿碘水平,探讨其影响因素.方法 选择重庆市渝东地区的云阳县和渝西地区的璧山县为调查县,采用多级整群随机抽样方法,在两县经济状况为中等的一类乡镇中,各抽取3所乡镇小学,在每所小学选择8～10岁儿童30名作为调查对象,检测其尿碘、家庭食用盐含碘量,采集当地居民饮用水水样,检测含碘量.结果 共检测儿童尿样571份,云阳县和璧山县总的尿碘中位数为261.47μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L和>300μg/L的比例分别为5.78%(33/571)和37.48%(214/571);云阳县儿童尿碘中位数(278.64μg/L)高于璧山县(240.6μg/L),二者比较差异有统计学意义(H=7.42,P<0.01).检测家庭食用盐556份,碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率分别为99.64%(554/556)、94.22%(522/554)、93.88%(522/556).检测居民饮用水87份,两县水碘均值分别为8.81、2.97μg/L.结论 云阳县、璧山县均为缺碘地区,人群尿碘水平达到消除碘缺乏病的标准.但在长期食用现行加碘量食盐的情况下,调查地区儿童尿碘水平有偏高的趋势,可考虑适当调整食盐含碘量.     

2007年重庆市云阳县和璧山县8～10岁儿童尿碘水平分析

Objective To determine the urinary iodine level of people in Yunyang and Bishan County of Chongqing and explore into its influencing factors. Methods Using multistage cluster stratified simple random sample method, Yunyang and Bishan County were chosen as research spots, then thirty children aged 8-10 in each 3 primary school of the 2 counties were selected using stratified randomization sampling method to inspected their urine and household salt for iodine and the iodine content in drinking water. Results Five hundred and seventy-one urine samples were inspected and the urinary iodine median was 261.47 μg/L. 5.78% (33/571) and 37.48%(214/571) of samples had an urinary iodine median less than 100 μg/L and more than 300 μg/L. The urinary iodine median of Yunyang County was higher than that of Bishan (H = 7.42, P < 0.01). The iodine salt coverage rate, the qualified rate and edible qualified iodine salt rate respectively were 99.64%(554/556), 94.22% (522/554) and 93.88% (522/556) in 556 samples of family table salt. Eighty-seven samples of drinking water were inspected, resulting an averaged iodine content of 8.81 and 2.97 μg/L, respectively in the 2 counties. Conclusions The 2 counties are all the area of iodine deficiency. The urinary iodine level, although meeting the demand of eliminating iodine deficiency diseases, is a little bit higher given that iodized salt of present doage has been taken for a long time. The content of iodized salt should be adjusted accordingly.     

2007年重庆市云阳县和璧山县8～10岁儿童尿碘水平分析

Objective To determine the urinary iodine level of people in Yunyang and Bishan County of Chongqing and explore into its influencing factors. Methods Using multistage cluster stratified simple random sample method, Yunyang and Bishan County were chosen as research spots, then thirty children aged 8-10 in each 3 primary school of the 2 counties were selected using stratified randomization sampling method to inspected their urine and household salt for iodine and the iodine content in drinking water. Results Five hundred and seventy-one urine samples were inspected and the urinary iodine median was 261.47 μg/L. 5.78% (33/571) and 37.48%(214/571) of samples had an urinary iodine median less than 100 μg/L and more than 300 μg/L. The urinary iodine median of Yunyang County was higher than that of Bishan (H = 7.42, P < 0.01). The iodine salt coverage rate, the qualified rate and edible qualified iodine salt rate respectively were 99.64%(554/556), 94.22% (522/554) and 93.88% (522/556) in 556 samples of family table salt. Eighty-seven samples of drinking water were inspected, resulting an averaged iodine content of 8.81 and 2.97 μg/L, respectively in the 2 counties. Conclusions The 2 counties are all the area of iodine deficiency. The urinary iodine level, although meeting the demand of eliminating iodine deficiency diseases, is a little bit higher given that iodized salt of present doage has been taken for a long time. The content of iodized salt should be adjusted accordingly.     

2007年重庆市云阳县和璧山县8～10岁儿童尿碘水平分析

Objective To determine the urinary iodine level of people in Yunyang and Bishan County of Chongqing and explore into its influencing factors. Methods Using multistage cluster stratified simple random sample method, Yunyang and Bishan County were chosen as research spots, then thirty children aged 8-10 in each 3 primary school of the 2 counties were selected using stratified randomization sampling method to inspected their urine and household salt for iodine and the iodine content in drinking water. Results Five hundred and seventy-one urine samples were inspected and the urinary iodine median was 261.47 μg/L. 5.78% (33/571) and 37.48%(214/571) of samples had an urinary iodine median less than 100 μg/L and more than 300 μg/L. The urinary iodine median of Yunyang County was higher than that of Bishan (H = 7.42, P < 0.01). The iodine salt coverage rate, the qualified rate and edible qualified iodine salt rate respectively were 99.64%(554/556), 94.22% (522/554) and 93.88% (522/556) in 556 samples of family table salt. Eighty-seven samples of drinking water were inspected, resulting an averaged iodine content of 8.81 and 2.97 μg/L, respectively in the 2 counties. Conclusions The 2 counties are all the area of iodine deficiency. The urinary iodine level, although meeting the demand of eliminating iodine deficiency diseases, is a little bit higher given that iodized salt of present doage has been taken for a long time. The content of iodized salt should be adjusted accordingly.     

富营养化水体生物-生态修复的研究

目的分离、培养、鉴定山湖水中能抑制藻类生长的优势菌。方法于2005年8月，采集重庆四面山地区的山湖水水样，通过增菌培养、平扳划线分离、菌种鉴定实验获得优势菌，并将优势菌应用于富营养化水体中进行生物-生态修复，观察藻类生长情况，并进行水质检验。结果四面山山湖水中含有弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌、门多萨假单胞杆菌、木糖氧化无色杆菌和维氏气单胞菌共4种优势菌群。实验室藻类生长抑制实验结果显示，空白对照组水样的藻类生长速度较快，实验前富营养水体的色度、浑浊度、CODMn，分别为30度、29.8NTU和8.7mg／L；含有弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌、门多萨假单胞杆菌实验水样中藻类生长被抑制，CODMn分别为7.1、7.4mg／L，色度均为20度。结论山湖水中的弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌和门多萨气单胞杆菌的藻类抑制作用较明显。     

大黄抑制鼠疫耶尔森菌的体外转录组学研究

目的应用鼠疫菌全基因组芯片研究大黄抑制鼠疫菌的分子作用机制。方法液体稀释法测定大黄对鼠疫菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),以10倍MIC作用鼠疫菌30min,提取鼠疫菌总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,荧光素标记,与芯片杂交,扫描仪扫描,应用SAM软件分析结果。结果获得了大黄作用鼠疫菌的表达谱。大黄作用鼠疫菌的明显差异基因为498个,其中上调基因358个,下调140个。结论蛋白质合成基因、细胞膜相关基因、转运结合蛋白基因以及部分热休克基因的改变是大黄抑制鼠疫菌的主要作用机制。     

黄连素作用鼠疫耶尔森菌的体外表达谱

目的 探讨黄连索抑制鼠疫耶尔森菌(简称鼠疫菌)作用的分子机制.方法 应用鼠疫菌全基因组芯片表达谱进行黄连素作用鼠疫菌研究.液体稀释法测定黄连索作用鼠疫菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).应用10倍MIC的黄连索作用于鼠疫菌30 min后,提取鼠疫菌总RNA,反转录合成eDNA,Cy3,Cy5荧光染料标记,芯片杂交,扫描仪扫描,SAM软件分析结果 .结果 在鼠疫菌全基因组范围内黄连素作用鼠疫菌的明显差异表达基因有360个.其中明显上调基因333个,下调基因27个.依据鼠疫菌CO92株基冈功能分类结果 ,这些差异基因分属24个不同的功能类群,其中主要有细胞膜相关基冈83个,未知功能基因75个,转运结合蛋白基因48个.发生明显改变的基因功能类群是代谢相关基因,共有40个.结论 获得了黄连素作用鼠疫菌的表达谱.阐述了黄连作用鼠疫菌的分子机制,主要机制在于影响代谢相关基因的上调.     

重庆市某农村地区5～6岁儿童尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物调查

目的了解重庆市某农村地区5～6岁年龄组儿童邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露水平。方法于2010年3—6月,通过分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取了重庆市某县6个乡镇中心幼儿园的210名5～6岁儿童(其中,男性108人,女性102人),检测随机尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)五种一级代谢产物[邻苯二甲酸单甲酯(MMP)、邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)、邻苯二甲酸单苄基酯(MBzP)和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(MEHP)]的浓度。结果除MBzP未检出外,尿中其余4种PAEs代谢产物的检出率依次为MEHP(84.76%)MBP(73.81%)MMP(6.67%)MEP(4.76%)。不同性别儿童尿中MMP、MEP、MBP、MEHP的浓度和检出率间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该地区5～6岁儿童受MBP和MEHP原型物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的污染较为严重。     

预防医学专业《卫生理化检验》考试试卷分析

考试是教学过程的重要环节之一，是检验教学效果的必要方法，也是检查和评定学生知识和技能的掌握情况，促进学生智能发展的重要手段。通过对试卷和考试成绩的分析，获得反馈信息．评估教学方法的优劣．并能帮助教师调整教学内容，改进教学方法，提高教学质量。现应用教育统计与测量的理论和方法，对我校98级预防医学专业的《卫生理化检验》期末考试试卷进行分析，了解卫生理化检验教学情况和考试质量，为改进教学方法和试卷命题提供参考。     

基于实验的《卫生理化检验》理论教学设计思考

卫生理化检验是卫生检验学的重要组成部分,是预防医学专业的重要基础课程。重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院开设预防医学本科专业的《卫生理化检验》课程,旨在培养学生的卫生检验基本理论知识和操作技能,提高学生预防医学理论和卫生检验实践的能力。该文根据现行的实验教学,从理论课程的时间安排、授课方式和测试标准3个方面入手,对如何更加合理有效地设计《卫生理化检验》的理论课程进行探讨。